Adam Bald

Some Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Isomeric Butanediols

Abstract Density, viscosity, electric permittivity and refractive indices for mixtures of water with four isomeric butanediols were measured over the whole composition range at 298.15K. From these data the excess molar volumes, apparent and partial molar volumes of butanediols and water, the excess electric permittivity and Kirkwoods correlation factor for investigated mixtures were calulated. Analysis of the results obtained showed that although the investigated butanediols exhibit their individual features in the mixtures with water, there is a substantial similarity in the behaviour of butane-1, 2-diol and butane-2,3-diol. The analogous similarity, but to a lower extent, is also observed in the case of the other pair of butanediols. i.e. butane-1,3-diol and butane-1,4-diol which have their apolar fragments shielded by the hydroxyl groups.

Gibbs energy of transfer and conductivity properties of NaI solutions in mixtures of water with butan-1-ol at 298.15 K, and some physicochemical properties of mixed solvent

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaI solutions and the emf of the cell: glass electrode (Na)|NaI|AgI, Ag in mixtures of water with butan-1-ol in the range 0–1 mol% and 60–100 mol% have been measured at 298.15 K. The values of limiting molar conductance ( Λ 0 ), association constants (K A ), and the parameter of distance of ions (R) were obtained with the Fuoss-Justice equation. From the conductivity data obtained, the values of the Walden products ( Λ 0 η ) were also calculated. The values of the Gibbs energy of transfer ( Δ t G 0 ) of NaI from water to mixtures of water with butan-1-ol mixtures were obtained from the emf data. The dependencies of limiting molar conductance ( Λ 0 ), Walden products ( Λ 0 η ), association constants (K A ) and Gibbs energy of transfer ( Δ t G 0 ) of NaI versus the mixed solvent composition have been briefly discussed and compared with existing literature data. Densities (ρ) and relative electric permittivities (ϵ) in temperature range 288.15 K- 308.15 K as well as viscosities (η) of the mixed solvent at 298.15 K have also been measured.

Potentiometric and conductometric studies of NaI solutions in water + iso-propanol mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract Electrical conductivities of NaI solutions and electromotive forces of the cell glass electrode (Na)|NaI|AgI|Ag in water + iso-propanol mixtures over a wide range of the mixed solvent composition were measured at 298.15 K. Values of molar limiting conductances Λ 0 , Walden products Λ 0 η, association constants K A and Gibbs energies of transfer of NaI Δ G t 0 were determined. Effects of the ionic association and the asymmetry potential of the glass electrode on the Gibbs energies of transfer were estimated. The standard enthalpies of solution, obtained previously, were recalculated taking ion-pair formation into account. Values of standard enthalpies and entropies of transfer of electrolyte were also determined.

Thermodynamic studies of NaCl solutions in water + methanol mixtures by means of a galvanic cell containing a glass sodium electrode

Abstract The emf of the following cell: glass electrode (Na){NaCl}Ag/AgCl was measured in water + methanol mixtures containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 wt% of methanol at seven temperatures. The values of the standard emf and the thermodynamic functions of NaCl transfer (δGt°, −TΔSt° and ΔHt°) were determined. The values were then compared with the corresponding ones obtained by other authors.

Conductometric and potentiometric studies of NaI solutions in water + sec-butanol mixtures at 298.15 K: The effect of ion association on the thermodynamic functions of transfer

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaI solutions and the emf of the cell glass electrode (Na)|NaI|AgI, Ag in aqueous sec -butanol mixtures in the complete miscibility range of the alcohol have been measured. The conductivity data are analysed using the Fuoss—Justice equation. The standard dissolution enthalpies of NaI have been recalculated, and the thermodynamic functions Δ H t 0 , Δ G t 0 and Δ S t 0 are calculated taking the ion-association processes into account.

Conductance studies in mixtures of water with DMF at 298.15 K. Part VI. Lithium and sodium nitrates, sodium perchlorate and propionate, potassium picrate and thiocyanate, and limiting ionic conductance

Abstract Conductance data of LiNO3, NaNO3, NaClO4, C2H5COONa, KPic, and KSCN in mixtures of water with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the whole range of the mixed solvent composition at 298.15 K, are reported. The obtained data have been analysed by the Fuoss-Justice equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λo), ionic association constants (KA), Walden products (Λoη), and parameter R. From the data obtained here and those reported earlier, individual limiting ionic conductance of the anions of, NO3−, ClO4−, SCN−, Pic− and C2H5COO−, has been determined using Fuoss-Hirsch split. From the values of the individual limiting ionic conductance (λ0−) obtained in this manner, the values of the Walden products for single ions (λ0−η) were also calculated. The obtained results as well as the values of the limiting molar conductance and Walden products for individual ions have been discussed. Some literature data have also been presented for comparison.

Gibbs energy of transfer and conductivity properties of NaBr solutions in mixtures of water with propan-1-ol at 298.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaBr solutions and the emf of the cell: glass electrode (Na)/vbNaBr/vbAgBr, Ag in the mixtures of water with propan-l-ol in the range 0–80 mol% have been measured at 298.15 K. The values of limiting molar conductance (Λ0), association constants (KA), and parameter of distance of ions (R) were obtained with the Fuoss-Justice equation. From the conductivity data obtained, the values of the Walden products (Λ0η) were also calculated. The values of the Gibbs energy of transfer (Δ1G0) of NaBr from water to mixtures of water with propan-l-ol mixtures were obtained from the emf data. The dependencies of limiting molar conductance (Λ0), Walden products (Λ0η), association constants (KA) and Gibbs energy of transfer (Δ1G0) of NaBr versus the mixed solvent composition have been discussed. The obtained results have been compared with earlier findings for sodium chloride and iodide.

Conductivity Studies on LiBr, NaBr, KBr and CsBr Solutions in Binary Mixtures of N,N+Dimethylformamide with Water at 298.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivities of LiBr, NaBr, KBr and CsBr in the mixtures of N,N–dimethylformamide with water, within the whole composition range (up to 80 mol% DMF for CsBr) have been measured. The obtained results were analysed using the Fuoss–Justice equation. The dependencies of the limiting molar conductances (Δ0), Walden products (Δ0η) and association constants (KA ) versus mixed solvent composition has been discussed.

Dimethylsulfoxide - N, N- dimethylformamide binary mixtures and their physicochemical properties

Abstract Density and refractive indices for mixtures of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with N.N-dimethylformamide were measured over the whole composition range at 298.15 K, as well as the relative permittivities at 288.15 K, 293.15 K, 298,15 K, 303,15 K and 308.15K. From these data the excess molar volumes, apparent and partial molar volumes of DMSO and DMF, the excess relative permittivity, the temperature coefficients of relative permittivity and Kirkwoods correlation factor for investigated mixtures were calculated. The 1H-NMR spectra of these liquid binary mixtures, were recorded at 298 K and the spectral parameters, Δδ(DMSO - DMF) were calculated. These structural parameters as functions of concentration suggest the formation of the most stable “complexes” of the 2 DMSO•DMF and DMSO•DMF types.

Conductivity Properties of Some Tetraalkylammonium Iodides in the Water+N,N-Dimethylformamide Mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract Conductance measurements are reported for iodides of tetramethylammonium (Me4NI), teraethylammonium (Et4NI), tetrapropylammonium (Pr4NI), tetrabutylammonium (Bu4NI), and tetrahexylammonium (Hex4NI), in the water+N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) mixtures over the whole composition range, except for Me4NI and Hex4NI, where the composition range are 0-50 mol% and 50-100 mol% of DMF, respectively, at 298.15 K. The data obtained have been analyzed by the Fuoss-Justice equation, in terms of the limiting molar conductances (Δ0), the Walden products (Δ0η) and the association constant (KA). Variation in the Walden products with solvent composition are briefly discussed. The results obtained here were also compared with the literature data.