Jerzy Gregorowicz

Thermodynamic studies of NaCl solutions in water + methanol mixtures by means of a galvanic cell containing a glass sodium electrode

Abstract The emf of the following cell: glass electrode (Na){NaCl}Ag/AgCl was measured in water + methanol mixtures containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 wt% of methanol at seven temperatures. The values of the standard emf and the thermodynamic functions of NaCl transfer (δGt°, −TΔSt° and ΔHt°) were determined. The values were then compared with the corresponding ones obtained by other authors.

Conductometric and potentiometric studies of NaI solutions in water + sec-butanol mixtures at 298.15 K: The effect of ion association on the thermodynamic functions of transfer

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaI solutions and the emf of the cell glass electrode (Na)|NaI|AgI, Ag in aqueous sec -butanol mixtures in the complete miscibility range of the alcohol have been measured. The conductivity data are analysed using the Fuoss—Justice equation. The standard dissolution enthalpies of NaI have been recalculated, and the thermodynamic functions Δ H t 0 , Δ G t 0 and Δ S t 0 are calculated taking the ion-association processes into account.

Conductance studies in mixtures of water with DMF at 298.15 K. Part VI. Lithium and sodium nitrates, sodium perchlorate and propionate, potassium picrate and thiocyanate, and limiting ionic conductance

Abstract Conductance data of LiNO3, NaNO3, NaClO4, C2H5COONa, KPic, and KSCN in mixtures of water with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the whole range of the mixed solvent composition at 298.15 K, are reported. The obtained data have been analysed by the Fuoss-Justice equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λo), ionic association constants (KA), Walden products (Λoη), and parameter R. From the data obtained here and those reported earlier, individual limiting ionic conductance of the anions of, NO3−, ClO4−, SCN−, Pic− and C2H5COO−, has been determined using Fuoss-Hirsch split. From the values of the individual limiting ionic conductance (λ0−) obtained in this manner, the values of the Walden products for single ions (λ0−η) were also calculated. The obtained results as well as the values of the limiting molar conductance and Walden products for individual ions have been discussed. Some literature data have also been presented for comparison.

Gibbs energy of transfer and conductivity properties of NaBr solutions in mixtures of water with propan-1-ol at 298.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaBr solutions and the emf of the cell: glass electrode (Na)/vbNaBr/vbAgBr, Ag in the mixtures of water with propan-l-ol in the range 0–80 mol% have been measured at 298.15 K. The values of limiting molar conductance (Λ0), association constants (KA), and parameter of distance of ions (R) were obtained with the Fuoss-Justice equation. From the conductivity data obtained, the values of the Walden products (Λ0η) were also calculated. The values of the Gibbs energy of transfer (Δ1G0) of NaBr from water to mixtures of water with propan-l-ol mixtures were obtained from the emf data. The dependencies of limiting molar conductance (Λ0), Walden products (Λ0η), association constants (KA) and Gibbs energy of transfer (Δ1G0) of NaBr versus the mixed solvent composition have been discussed. The obtained results have been compared with earlier findings for sodium chloride and iodide.

Conductivity Studies on LiBr, NaBr, KBr and CsBr Solutions in Binary Mixtures of N,N+Dimethylformamide with Water at 298.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivities of LiBr, NaBr, KBr and CsBr in the mixtures of N,N–dimethylformamide with water, within the whole composition range (up to 80 mol% DMF for CsBr) have been measured. The obtained results were analysed using the Fuoss–Justice equation. The dependencies of the limiting molar conductances (Δ0), Walden products (Δ0η) and association constants (KA ) versus mixed solvent composition has been discussed.

Conductivity Properties of Some Tetraalkylammonium Iodides in the Water+N,N-Dimethylformamide Mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract Conductance measurements are reported for iodides of tetramethylammonium (Me4NI), teraethylammonium (Et4NI), tetrapropylammonium (Pr4NI), tetrabutylammonium (Bu4NI), and tetrahexylammonium (Hex4NI), in the water+N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) mixtures over the whole composition range, except for Me4NI and Hex4NI, where the composition range are 0-50 mol% and 50-100 mol% of DMF, respectively, at 298.15 K. The data obtained have been analyzed by the Fuoss-Justice equation, in terms of the limiting molar conductances (Δ0), the Walden products (Δ0η) and the association constant (KA). Variation in the Walden products with solvent composition are briefly discussed. The results obtained here were also compared with the literature data.

Conductance studies of i-Am3BuNl and NaBPh4 and the limiting ionic conductance in water+DMF mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract Conductance data of triisoamylbutylammonium iodide, i-Am 3 BuNI (TABI) and sodium tetraphenylboride (NaBPh 4 ) in the water+N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the whole range of the mixed solvent composition at 298.15 K are reported. The data obtained have been analysed with the Fuoss-Justice equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (A o ), ionic association constants (K A ), and parameter R. Ionic association constant was found negligible for NaBPh 4 . From the data obtained here and those reported earlier, the individual limiting ionic conductivity of the Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Me 4 N + , Et 4 N + , Pr 4 N + , Bu 4 N + , Hex 4 N + , i-Am 3 BuN + , and of Cl − , Br − , I − , Ph 4 B − has been determined using Fuoss-Hirsch assumption. From the values of the individual limiting ionic conductance obtained in this manner, the values of the Walden products for single ions were also calculated. The results obtained here as well as the values of the limiting molar conductance and Walden products for individual ions have been discussed.

Conductivity studies on some alkali metal iodides in aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide solutions at 298.15K

SummaryConductance measurements for NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI in water/N,N-dimethylformamide mixtures over the whole composition range at 298.15K are reported. The data were analyzed employing theFuoss-Justice equation in terms of limiting molar conductances (Λo),Walden products (Λoη), and association constants (KA). The results indicate that the salts are weakly associated in the above solvent mixture. Variation in theWalden products with solvent composition are briefly discussed. The results were also compared with values reported previously for some alkali metal chlorides and bromides.ZusammenfassungDie elektrische Leitfähigkeite von NaI, KI, RbI und CsI wurde in N,N-Dimethylformamid-Wasser-Mischungen verschiedener Zusammensetzung bei 298.15K gemessen. Die erhaltenen Daten wurden analysiert und bezüglich der Grenzäquivalenzleitfähigkeiten (Λo), derWalden-Produkte (Λoη) und der Assoziationskonstanten (KA) ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß diese Salze in den verwendeten Lösungsmittelgemischen nur schwach assoziiert sind. Die Änderungen derWalden-Produkte in Abhängigkeit der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung werden kurz diskutiert. Abschließend werden die Resultate mit Ergebnissen früherer Messungen, in denen das Verhalten von Alkalimetallchloriden und Alkalimetallbromiden untersucht wurde, verglichen.

Gibbs energy and conductivity properties of NaCl solutions in water + iso-propanol mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaCl solutions and the emf of the cell: glass electrode (Na)|NaCl|AgCl|Ag in water + iso-propanol mixtures have been measured at 298.15 K. The values of limiting molar conductances (Δ˚), Walden products (Δ˚η), association constants (KA ), parameters of distance of ions (R) and the Gibbs energies of transfer of NaCl (ΔtG°), taking into account the ionic association of electrolyte, were calculated. From literature data and those obtained in this paper the values of entropy of transfer (Δt ˚) were calculated.

Thermodynamic and conductometric studies on NaI solutions in water-t-butanol mixtures at 299.15 K

Abstract The electrical conductivity of NaI solutions and the electromotive forces of the cells: glass electrode(Na)NaIAgI,Ag in water- t -butanol systems have been measured at 299.15 K. The values of the limiting conductivity of NaI and of the standard e.m.f. of the cells were determined. Based on the data obtained, the thermodynamic functions Δ G t ⊖ , Δ S t ⊖ and Δ H t ⊖ were calculated, taking into account the ionic association of the electrolyte.