Adelino Pelissari

Integração lavoura-pecuária: intensificação de uso de áreas agrícolas

Crop-livestock is a production system that succeeds, at the same area, pastures to animal production and vegetal crops, especially cereals. The objective of this work was to discuss the major presuppositions and characteristics of the crop-livestock system in Southern Brazil, and its effects on the soil quality and animal and vegetal yield. This production system can result in some advantages to farmers such as increase of rent per area, higher diversification, decrease of economic hazards and production costs. Moreover, the crop-livestock system can show biological advantages such as biodiversity increase and improved soil quality. Among the disadvantages, it can point out the possibility of superficial soil compaction in inappropriate pasture management. To success of crop-livestock system some presuppositions must be considered, such as crop rotation, use of no-tillage system, correction of soil acidity and fertility, use of improving vegetal and animal genotypes and, mainly, adequate pasture management.

Produção de gado de corte e acúmulo de matéria seca em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em presença e ausência de trevo branco e nitrogênio

The research was carried out to verify the influence of the nitrogen input in an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium L.) and oat (Avena strigosa Scherb) pasture, in presence and absence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), checked by the dry matter accumulation, dry matter yield, average daily gain, liveweight gain and stocking rate a crop-pasture rotation system, on no tillage system. Soybean (Glycine Max L.) was cultivated before the grass. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with split-plot model and three replications. In the plots, four nitrogen levels were tested (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha -1 ) and in the split-plot model, the presence and absence of white clover. Increasing nitrogen levels increased in a cresecent linear way the dry matter accumulation and dry matter yield. The stocking rate and liveweight gain per hectare of bovine increased, as the nitrogen levels increased. The results showed the effect of nitrogen input on the daily accumulation rate, dry matter yield, stocking rate and liveweight gain.

Efeito residual do nitrogênio na cultura do milho no sistema de produção integração lavoura-pecuária

The nitrogen is an element required in large quantities by plants. Its application in the pasture, in crop-livestock integration, would provoke high animal productivity in winter and high vegetal productivity in summer. This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of nitrogen application in the pasture, with and without grazing sheep, under maize culture. The experiment was conducted in Guarapuava (PR) in the 2007/08 season in a randomized block design with split plots. The main parcel consisted of treatments with N in winter (N-TI = 0, 75, 150 e 225kg ha-1 de N) in pasture of white oat (Avena sativa L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in subparcel with (CP) and without grazing (SP) sheep and, in subsubparcels N in summer (N-TV=0; 75; 150; 225 e 300kg ha-1 de N). The sowing of hybrid 30F53 occurred on 10/24/07. The variables evaluated were: pasture dry mass, productivity, numbers of rows, grains per rows, grains per spike and grain thousand mass. The dry mass plant CP and SP had quadratic response to the level of N-TI and N-TV. The productivity of grains, as well as the number of rows and grains per spike, was not affected by grazing. There was quadratic response in productivity of grains, due to the increase of nitrogen levels N-TI and N-TV.

Avaliação da composição química e da digestibilidade in vitro da mistura aveia IAPAR 61 (Avena strigosa Schreb) + ervilha forrageira (Pisum arvense L.) em diferentes alturas sob pastejo

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das alturas (8,9; 10,0; 11,2; 11,8; 13,3; 13,6; 14,6; 18,2 cm) de pastos consorciados de aveia IAPAR 61 (Avena strigosa Schreb cv IAPAR 61) com ervilha forrageira (Pisum arvense L.) sob pastejo sobre a relacao folha/colmo (F/C), os teores de proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e a digestibilidade in vitro da materia seca (DIVMS) e da materia orgânica (DIVMO). O delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com duas repeticoes. A relacao F/C nao foi influenciada pela altura do pasto, porem apresentou comportamento quadratico com o avanco na maturidade do pasto. Os teores de PB apresentaram comportamento quadratico ao longo do periodo experimental, devido a interacao entre altura do pasto e o tempo. Os teores de FDN e FDA mostraram um comportamento quadratico ao longo do periodo experimental, ocorrendo uma diminuicao dos mesmos quando as plantas se apresentavam mais baixas e, uma elevacao, quando as plantas estavam mais altas, isto ocorreu em funcao da interacao das variaveis tempo e altura. A DIVMS e a DIVMO tiveram incrementos lineares em funcao do aumento da altura do pasto, porem com comportamento quadratico no tempo (dias) em todas as alturas, sendo mais elevadas nas alturas intermediarias do pasto.

Different winter soil uses and their relation with weed infestation in maize (Zea mays) in succession

Economically viable alternatives for winter soil use in southern Brazil are scarce. During this period, pasture cultivated under crop-livestock system is an alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different winter soil uses on weed infestation in maize cultivated in succession. Two experiments were carried out from May, 2006 to April, 2007. Five alternatives of winter soil use were investigated: 1) multi-cropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch + arrow leaf clover without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (multi-cropping cover);2) the same multi-cropping, with grazing and nitrogen fertilization, 100 kg ha-1 of N (pasture with N); 3) the same multi-cropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); 4) oil seed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oil seed radish); and 5) natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Cover crop in the winter, cultivated without grazing, produces a high amount of straw, reducing weed summer infestation. Under the experimental conditions, winter soil use with pasture allows high weed summer infestation, due to the low amount of straw that stays on the soil.

Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha -1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

Desempenho da cultura do feijão após diferentes formas de uso do solo no inverno

O uso e manejo do solo durante o inverno pode alterar as caracteristicas fisicas do solo, a cobertura remanescente e o desempenho da cultura semeada em sucessao. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de formas de uso do solo no inverno sobre essas variaveis, semeando-se a cultura do feijao em sucessao, manejada em plantio direto. Na safra 2007/08, foram conduzidos tres experimentos na regiao do Planalto Norte Catarinense, onde foram avaliadas cinco formas de uso do solo durante o inverno: 1) consorcio de aveia preta + azevem + ervilhaca + trevo vesiculoso manejado sem pastejo e sem adubacao nitrogenada (consorcio cobertura); 2) o mesmo consorcio, com pastejo e com 100kg ha-1 de N em cobertura (pastagem com N); 3) o mesmo consorcio, com pastejo e sem adubacao nitrogenada (pastagem sem N); 4) nabo forrageiro, sem pastejo e sem adubacao nitrogenada (nabo forrageiro); e 5) pousio, sem pastejo e sem adubacao nitrogenada (pousio). O consorcio cobertura proporciona maior quantidade de palha para o cultivo de feijao em sucessao, mas as formas de uso do solo no inverno estudadas nao afetam expressivamente a densidade e a macroporosidade do solo. O uso do solo no inverno com pastagem anual em sistema integracao lavoura-pecuaria, coberturas de solo e pousio nao afeta o desempenho da cultura do feijao semeada em sucessao, manejada em plantio direto.

Seletividade de herbicidas em trevo-branco no estádio fenológico de expansão do primeiro trifólio

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a forage used in the composition of crop system models. The objective of this study was to investigate the selectivity of herbicides on white clover seedlings, applied at the first trifoliate growth expanding. It was carried out an experiment in randomized blocks, with 19 treatments and three replications. White clover can be considered as tolerant to bentazon + imazethapyr, imazethapyr, bentazon and 2,4-D, because it was observed biomass production higher than 1.300 kg ha-1 in those treatments and phytotoxicity lower than 25% at 84 days after herbicides sprayed on seedling under phenological stage of plants expanding the first trifoliate.

Interferência de plantas daninhas no estabelecimento do trevo branco como cultura forrageira

Interference of weeds is a major factor influencing the establishment of pastures and rangeland in the white clover is an important Fabaceae used in animal feed. The objective of this study was to determine the periods of weed interference on the white clover, which was subjected to periods living and weed control. Phytosociological surveys were conducted in each period of coexistence of culture with weeds and 119 days for the control periods of conviviality. Data on dry matter production of white clover were adjusted to model nonlinear regression sigmoidal Boltzmann, adopting a tolerance level of yield reduction of 5%. The results revealed that the period before interference was 20 days after emergence (DAE), the total period of interference prevention was 82DAE and the critical period of interference prevention were 62 days. Productivity losses by weed competition can reach 96%, requiring weed control at 20DAE, extending up to 62DAE.

Grazing intensity and nitrogen in oat dry mass and yield of corn crop livestock systems.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization applied on oats and its effect upon maize cultivated in succession in a no tillage system. The experiment was carried out at Abelardo Luz municipality during the winter and summer seasons of 2004/2005. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Treatments were ?ve different grazing intensities, represented by utilization periods in an oat culture grazed for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks, and at sub-plot level nitrogen doses were applied at 0 and 150 kg/ ha. The availability and residual dry matter of oat was evaluated each three weeks after the beginning