Edilson Batista de Oliveira

Produção de gado de corte e acúmulo de matéria seca em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em presença e ausência de trevo branco e nitrogênio

The research was carried out to verify the influence of the nitrogen input in an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium L.) and oat (Avena strigosa Scherb) pasture, in presence and absence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), checked by the dry matter accumulation, dry matter yield, average daily gain, liveweight gain and stocking rate a crop-pasture rotation system, on no tillage system. Soybean (Glycine Max L.) was cultivated before the grass. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with split-plot model and three replications. In the plots, four nitrogen levels were tested (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha -1 ) and in the split-plot model, the presence and absence of white clover. Increasing nitrogen levels increased in a cresecent linear way the dry matter accumulation and dry matter yield. The stocking rate and liveweight gain per hectare of bovine increased, as the nitrogen levels increased. The results showed the effect of nitrogen input on the daily accumulation rate, dry matter yield, stocking rate and liveweight gain.

Indicadores de qualidade de solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de chumbo: II - Mesofauna e plantas

SUMMARY : SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS IN LEAD MINING ANDMETALURGY AREA. II – MESOFAUNA AND PLANTS The influence of soil management or the contaminant application to the soil, usuallyinduce to a quicker response in the soil mesofauna than in other pedogenic properties; theseorganisms are therefore good environmental quality indicators. The aim of this study was toidentify and quantify the organisms groups of the soil mesofauna and determine Pb and Zncontents in plants in the mining and metallurgy plant in Adrianopolis (PR),to originatebiological indicators of the quality of these solis. At the selected locations the followingcontamination forms were analized: site 1 – reference (native wood); site 2 – residue incorporatedin the profile; sites 3 and 6 – close to the chimneys of the plant, with potential import ofparticulate matter; site 5 – great waste volume covering the soil. Berlese funnels were utilizedto collect samples from the 0 to 5 cm layer (20 funnels x 5 sites x 1 layer x 4 times = 400samples). After the separation of the mesofauna, the organisms were selected and identified.Ants samples were microwave digested with concentrated HNO

Dinâmica da distribuição diamétrica de bracatingais na região metropolitana de Curitiba

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a dinâmica da distribuicao diametrica com relacao a idade, em povoamentos nativos de bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) localizados nos municipios da regiao metropolitana de Curitiba. Os dados utilizados provieram de um experimento de densidades iniciais, delineado em blocos ao acaso, constituido de cinco blocos e quatro tratamentos, perfazendo um total de 20 parcelas de 325 m2, as quais foram remedidas as idades aproximadas de 4, 5, 6 e 7,5 anos. A densidade inicial sofreu reducao para 2.000, 4.000 e 8.000 arvores por hectare quando o povoamento tinha 1 ano de idade. Deixou-se tambem uma parcela-testemunha em cada bloco, as quais nao sofreram nenhum raleamento e tinham em media 25.000 arvores por hectare. Desses cinco blocos, um estava localizado na classe de sitio I, 2 na classe de sitio II e 2 blocos na classe de sitio III. Paralelamente, foram medidos os diâmetros e as alturas de todas as arvores em 124 parcelas temporarias distribuidas nos varios municipios da regiao metropolitana de Curitiba, representativos de povoamentos de bracatinga sob regime tradicional de cultivo e manejo, cobrindo idades de 3 a 18 anos, e as tres classes de sitio. Dentre as funcoes de densidade de probabilidade testadas por Bartoszeck (2000), a SB de Johnson foi a de melhor desempenho, sendo, portanto, utilizada para a estimativa do numero de arvores por classe diametrica e por hectare e consequente construcao das curvas de distribuicao diametrica para as inumeras combinacoes de idade, sitio e densidades disponiveis. Atraves da observacao visual das curvas sobrepostas, evidenciou-se que essas apresentaram assimetria para a direita e achatamento (curtose), com o aumento da idade. As curvas foram, entao, comparadas analiticamente entre si, pelo teste qui-quadrado, o qual revelou a existencia de diferencas significativas entre as curvas de distribuicao diametrica em diferentes idades.

Densidade e tamanho de formigueiros de Acromyrmex crassispinus em plantios de Pinus taeda

The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and size of Acromyrmex crassispinus nests in Pinus taeda plantations along the year. The experiments were carried out in Rio Negrinho and Tres Barras, SC, Brazil, in P. taeda plantations of different ages (recently planted and three and six years old). Three plots of one hectare were delimited in each treatment. The nests were classified according to three size classes: class I, up to 30 cm diameter; class II, 31 up to 60 cm; class III, above 61 cm. The density of A. crassispinus nests was low in recently planted areas, nearly twofold in three year-old plantations, and it reduced when the forest was six years old. The greatest nest density occurred in the period from December to April. The nests size increased along with the age of the P. taeda plantations.

Capacidade da Typha dominguensis na fitorremediação de efluentes de tanques de piscicultura na Bacia do Iraí - Paraná

Eutrophication is characterized by a process in which a water body acquires high levels of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates, resulting in organic matter accumulation with further decomposition. One of the alternatives for environmental descontamination is the use of phytoremediation. The objective of this investigation was to test the capacity of Typha dominguensis in reducing eutrophication in fish pond effluents. An experiment was installed at Canguiri Research Station, at the Federal University of Parana, using water from fish ponds. Typha dominguensis, being the test plant, was grown under five levels of N and P in factorial combination with six repetitions in an aerated closed system. After 160 days of cultivation, the plants were collected and evaluated for biomass production and nutrient extraction capacity. Roots were not considered for the chemical analysis. In the best treatment, a depuration rate in water of 87% for N and 54% for P was observed. This indicated a very promising potential of the species for these purposes.

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) for Eucalyptus spp. and other Myrtaceae in Brazil

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) for Eucalyptus spp. and other Myrtaceae in Brazil. The Australian psyllid, Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), was first detected in Brazil in 1994, where it was found on drought-affected shoots of Eucalyptus grandis in a plantation located in the northern part of Parana State. The oviposition and feeding preferences of this psyllid were examined on 19 Eucalyptus species, one Eucalyptus hybrid (Cambiju), three Corymbia species and four native Myrtaceae species (Hexaclames edulis, Marlieria edulis, Plinia trunciflora, and Psydium sp.) under greenhouse conditions. The largest populations of C. spatulata were found on E. robusta and E. pellita, while sizeable infestations were also found on E. urophylla, E. grandis, and the Cambiju hybrid. The plants with the greatest symptoms of damage were E. grandis and E. resinifera. Eucalyptus cinerea, E. benthamii, E. pilularis, and E. dunnii were not infested and E. cloeziana was minimally infested. Among the Corymbia species, the number of eggs of C. spatulata was very low on C. citriodora and C. torelliana. No eggs and nymphs of C. spatulata were found on native Brazilian Myrtaceae. The number of eggs on plants was highly correlated with the subsequent levels of nymphs, suggesting that egg counts can be used as a viable monitoring tool to assist with the integrated management of this pest.

Dinâmica da relação hipsométrica em função da idade, do sítio e da densidade inicial de povoamentos de bracatinga da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, PR

The objective of this research was to analyse the behavior and the dynamics of hypsometric curves for age, site and initial density in native stands of bracatinga ( Mimosa scabrella Benth), growing in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region. The data came from DBH and total height measurements of each tree in 20 permanent sample plots, remeasured 4 times from 4 to 7,5 years old, covering 3 different site classes and the initial densities of 2,000, 4,000, 8,000 and the control plots, with average 25,000 plants/ha. Basing on the same set of data Bartoszeck (2000) carried out an intensive research on modeling the height-diameter relation. Then the Curtis model, resulting in an equation for each combination of factors, was used to proceed

Leaf-cutting ant attack in initial pine plantations and growth of defoliated plants

The objective of this work was to evaluate the natural attack by Acromyrmex crassispinus in initial Pinus taeda plantations without control measures against ants, as well as the effect of defoliation in seedlings of P. taeda. Evaluations of the attack of leaf-cutting ants on P. taeda plantations were done monthly in the first six months, then 9 and 12 months after planting. The percentages of plants that were naturally attacked by ants were registered. The effect of defoliation was evaluated by artificial defoliation, simulating the natural patterns of attack by A. crassispinus on P. taeda seedlings. The natural attack of A. crassispinus was greater during the first months after planting, being more intense in the first 30 days. Artificial defoliation indicated that there were no significant losses in diameter and height in plants with less than 75% defoliation. However, there were significant losses in diameter and height in plants with 100% defoliation, independently of the cut of the apical meristem, and also plant death. The control of leaf-cutting ants in P. taeda plantings, in which A. crassispinus is the most frequent leaf-cutting ant, should be intense only at the beginning of planting, since the most severe attacks occur during this time.

Distribuição espacial de formigueiros de Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel)(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em plantios de Pinus taeda

The spatial distribution of insects is essential to perform control strategies, to improve sample techniques and to estimate economic losses. We aimed to determine the spatial distribution of nests of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) in Pinus taeda plantations. The experiments were carried out in P. taeda plantations with different ages (treatments: recently-planted, three and six-year old plants). The study took place in Rio Negrinho and in Tres Barras, SC. Three plots of one hectare were delimited in each treatment, and plots were divided in 64 sample units. The analysis of the dispersion index [variance/mean relationship (I), index of Morisita (Iδ) and k exponent of negative binomial distribution] showed that the majority of the samplings presented random distribution. Among the three distributions of probabilities studied: Poisson, positive binomial and negative binomial, the Poisson distribution was the best model to fit the spatial distribution of A. crassispinus nests in all samplings. The result was a random distribution in the plantings of different ages.

Resistência induzida ao pulgão-gigante-do-pinus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em plantas de Pinus taeda adubadas com silício

INDUCED RESISTANCE EFFECT TO THE GIANT CONIFER APHID (HEMIPTERA:APHIDIDAE) IN SILICON FERTILIZED PLANTS OF PINUS TAEDA This research aimed to study the effect of silicon as a resistance inducer in P. taeda L. to C. atlantica (Wilson). Preference and reproductive rate tests were performed in plants of P. taeda with and without silicon application. The experiment was carried out in controlled environmental chamber (T: 20oC; UR: 70%; fotofase: 12h), in a completely random design, and consisted of three treatments and ten replications. The treatments were: T1- substratum standard (without silicon application), T2 – substratum standard + one dose of 0,01g de silicon, T3 – substratum standard + four doses of 0,01g de silicon, with intervals of five days between the applications. Twenty days after the application, a free choice preference test was performed in two different arenas: Petri dishes with pine branches and PVC cages with pine seedlings. Twenty adult aphids were released in each arena. Petri dishes were observed at 40 and 90 minutes, then 4, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 72 hours after release. Pine seedlings in PVC cages were examined in the first, second, third, fourth and seventh days, followed by a weekly record on the next three weeks. Silicon application showed a negative response to preference and reproductive capacity in adults of C. atlantica.