Adem Bardak

Molecular Breeding of Cotton

Molecular characterization provides comprehensive information about the extent of genetic diversity, it assists for the development of an effective, highly accurate, and rapid marker‐assisted cotton breeding program. Due to one of the world’s leading fiber crops, molecular studies of cotton are being explored widely by cotton researchers. Cotton provides raw material to the textile industry among other products. Limitations in conventional breeding program for genetic improvement are due to the complexity and limited knowledge on economically important traits. The use of molecular markers for the detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the most significant developments in molecular genetics. In the present scenerio, cotton molecular breeding has become a reliable source through the study and exploitation of its genetic diversity and due to better understanding of the cotton genomes using the next‐generation sequencing technologies. Cotton breeders should utilize genomics in breeding programs for effective selection of best parents for agronomic and fiber‐related traits, as well as for the development of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The genomic research work could be based upon genotyping using DNA markers, quantitative trait loci mapping, genome‐wide associations, and next‐generation sequencing. The objective of this chapter is to describe evolution as well as utilization of various molecular markers and review the contribution of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in cotton breeding.

Pamukta İlişkilendirme Haritalaması Yöntemiyle Gossypol ile İlişkili Markörlerin Belirlenmesi

Pamuk dunyada ve ulkemizde onemli bir tekstil hammaddesi olmakla birlikte ayni zamanda lifi alindiktan sonra yag ve yem sanayisi ile birlikte bircok endustri koluna hammadde saglamaktadir. Pamuk tohumunun yem ve yag kaynagi olarak insan ve hayvan beslenmesinde kullanimini tohumun icerdigi gossypol maddesinden dolayi sinirli kalmaktadir. Pamuk islah hedeflerinden biride tohumunda gossypol icermeyen cesitlerin gelistirilmesidir. Boylece pamuktan elde edilen yagin kalitesi ve insan beslenmesinde kullanim yayginligi artabilecektir. Bu calisma ile markor destekli seleksiyonu (MAS: Marker Asisted Selection) mumkun kilabilecek olan gossypol ile iliskili markor gelistirilmesi amaclanmistir. Calisma pamuk genetik stokumuzda bulunan ve yapilacak islah programlarinda ebeveyn olarak kullanilabilecek 48 adet pamuk genotipi ile yurutulmustur. Iliskilendirme haritalamasi calismalarinda fenotipik veri olarak govde (adet/ cm 2 ), yaprak (adet/ cm 2 ), koza (adet/ cm 2 ), tohum (adet/ mm 2 ) daki gossypol beze sayilari ve tohum HPLC analizi verileri kullanilmistir. Genotipik veri olarak genotipler 37 adet SSR markorunun taranmasi sonucu elde edilen, 83 adet polimorfik bant kullanilmistir. Genel Linear Modelde (GLM); govdedeki gossypol ile iliskili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile iliski 4 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile iliskili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile iliskili 8 adet, tohum HPLC sonuclari ile iliskili 4 adet markor belirlenmistir. Karisik linear modelde (MLM) ise govdedeki gossypol ile iliskili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile iliski 12 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile iliskili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile iliskili 3 adet markor belirlenmistir. Her iki yontemde de belirlenen 5 adet (BNL3130, BNL3627, JESPR7, BNL3449, BNL387, JESPER178) markorler gossypol yonunden olusturulmus F 2 populasyonlari gibi ozel populasyonlarda dogrulamasi yapilarak, markor destekli seleksiyonda kullanimlari mumkun olacaktir.

Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton

Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton Combining ability analysis and heterosis for cotton fiber quality traits were studied in a set of diallel crosses involving eight cotton (Gossypium sp.) genotypes. Randomized complete block design was used to test 56 F1 and 8 parents for fiber quality traits; length (Len), strength (Str), micronaire (Mic), uniformity (Unf), elongation (Elg), spinning consistency index (Sci) and short fiber index (Sfi). Analysis revealed significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all the traits and additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of the traits. Giza-45 had the highest GCA effects for Len, Sci, Unf and Elg while Is-4 had the highest Str value. Mic and Sfi values were lowest for Askabat-100 and Giza-45, respectively. The cross Cukurova-1518 × 108-F and Nazilli-84S × Askabat-100 had the lowest SCA effects for Mic and Sfi, respectively. The highest values for Len (Askabat-100 × 108-F), for Str (Acala Prema × 108-F), for Sci (Is-4 × Giza-45), for Unf (Stoneville-453 × Askabat-100) and for Elg (108-F × Is-4) were also obtained. Hybridizations among Askabat-100 × Nazilli-84S, Is-4 × Giza-45, Askabat-100 × Stoneville-453, Askabat-100 × Giza-45, Is-4 × 108F, Giza-45 × 108F, Giza-45 × Acala Prema, Nazilli-84S × Giza-45, Is-4 × Nazilli-84S and Acala Prema × Askabat-100 crosses yielded the best heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. Aforementioned parents and crosses could be utilized for further selection of high fiber quality and applying 3-way crosses or modified backcross or recurrent selection to genotypes having good combining ability would improve fiber quality.