Admilson da Penha Pachêco

Biophysical parameters in the detection of changes in soil cover and use in watersheds.

O estudo de parâmetros biofisicos como o Indice de Vegetacao da Diferenca Normalizada (NDVI), albedo e temperatura da superficie (LST), aplicado a ecossistemas, tem sido relevante para o entendimento de mudancas relacionadas a degradacao do meio ambiente. Algumas alteracoes que provocam desequilibrio de interacoes ecologicas em ecossistemas, como o desmatamento, a mineracao, a agricultura inadequada e o superpastejo, entre outros, estao interrelacionadas. Para avaliacao de mudancas temporais relacionadas a degradacao do ecossistema caatinga obtiveram-se as imagens da diferenca de tres parâmetros: NDVI, albedo e temperatura da superficie, para os anos de 1985 e 2001 (estacao seca), utilizando-se imagens TM. Este estudo foi aplicado a bacia do rio Brigida onde ha uma exploracao intensa dos recursos naturais, em que os resultados mostram aumento na temperatura da superficie, diminuicao do NDVI e pouca variacao no albedo da superficie evidenciando, assim, que entre os anos de 1985 e 2001 houve avanco na degradacao dos recursos naturais, nesta bacia.

Urbanização costeira e sombreamento na praia de Boa Viagem, Recife-PE, Brasil

Part of the urban concentration at Recife municipality, capital of Pernambuco State, in Northeastern Brazil is inserted into the coastal zone. Recife according to the census data from 2010 has a population of 1.536.934 inhabitants, distributed in an area of approximately 220 km 2 . This study aims to investigate the evolution of land use in an area located at Boa Viagem beach (Recife/Pernambuco/Brazil), where was realized a quantitative analysis of land use and urban zone evolution considering aspects of the years 1974, 2005, 2010 and 2011. For this purpose, were used satellite images of high spatial resolution, orthophotos and conducted a survey. The results are quantitative information that characterizes some temporal aspects of coastal zoning in Boa Viagem. Another important result was the identifi cation of shading in a stretch of beach and the determination of shoreline position in the selected area and the comparison with the Coastal Management Act of Pernambuco State.

Análise espaço temporal da evapotranspiração na área de preservação ambiental da Ilha de Santa Rita, Alagoas, Brasil

The evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of the water cycle. On this aspect, this study aims to analyze the space-time behavior of the energy balance and the real daily evapotranspiration in the area of environmental preservation of Ilha de Santa Rita, Alagoas, Brazil. The methodology used involves the use of algorithm SEBAL, satellite images of Landsat 5 TM and complementary data of meteorological station located in the study area. The daily estimate of real ET24h varied from 0 to 1mm.day-1 for exposed soil and city; to 6mm.day-1 for water bodies and mangrove, with a mean value of 3.78mm.day-1, 3.45mm.day-1 and 4.75mm.day - 1, in the days 09/03/2003, 08/26/2006 and 03/17/2011, respectively, for the entire study area. The results obtained by the algorithm SEBAL (SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHMS FOR LAND) can be used in weather conditions that are similar to the ones in the preservation area of Ilha de Santa Rita/ Alagoas. The distributions of each component of the energy balance are: radiation balance, soil heat flow (sensible and latent), presented significant influence in the different types of use and coverage of the soil. The approach used is very suitable for a real satellite data exploration, and it can be used to estimate the number of parameters in the continuous soil-plant-atmosphere.

Sensoriamento remoto de alta resolução espacial na caracterização de assentamentos informais

The accelerated process of urban development in Brazil sometimes generates social and environmental vulnerability through spontaneous settlements, which are inhabited by low-income populations. Informal settlements are physical manifestations of urban poverty and intra-urban inequality. This generalization in underdeveloped countries is related to the process of “poverty urbanization”. Remote sensing provides a spatial view of the city and the temporal processes that impact the environment and degrade the quality of urban life. This kind of information is essential for providinge base-line information for urban decision makers. The present work aims to establish a methodology based on object-oriented analysis, applied to high spatial resolution satellite images (QuickBird) in order to characterize informal settlements. The introduction includes a theoretical discussion on urbanization and informal settlements. The study was conducted in the Ipes neighborhood in the Joao Pessoa district of the Paraiba State, Brazil. The total area classifi ed as substandard settlements was 29,342 m², which represents 1.6% of the total area of this neighborhood. The methodology proved to be effective in identifying irregular areas, and is an important tool for cadastral information updating and urban planning.