Adriana Maria da Silva

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus in the saliva of health professionals

INTRODUCTION: S. aureus is one of the main agents of nosocomial infection and is sometimes difficult to treat with currently available active antimicrobials. PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as the MRSA antimicrobial susceptibility profile isolated in the saliva of health professionals at a large public education hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The project was approved by the research and ethics committee of the institution under study. Three samples of saliva from 340 health professionals were collected. The saliva analysis used to identify S. aureus was based on mannitol fermentation tests, catalase production, coagulase, DNAse, and lecithinase. In order to detect MRSA, samples were submitted to the disk diffusion test and the oxacillin agar screening test. In order to identify the minimum inhibitory concentration, the Etest® technique was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSSA was 43.5% (148/340), and MRSA was 4.1% (14/340). MRSA detected by the diffusion disk test, was 100% resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, 92.9% resistant to erythromycin, 57.1% resistant to clindamycin, 42.9% resistant to ciprofloxacin and 57.1% resistant to cefoxetin. CONCLUSION: This subject is important for both the education of health professionals and for preventative measures. Standard and contact-precautions should be employed in professional practice.

Adherence to standard precautions of nurses working in intensive care at a university hospital

This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions(r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions (r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.

A enfermagem frente a acidentes de trabalho com material potencialmente contaminado na era do HIV

Realizou-se esta investigacao, com os objetivos de identificar a ocorrencia de acidentes de trabalho com material perfuro-cortante potencialmente contaminado, entre enfermeiros e auxiliares de enfermagem de um Hospital de ensino geral do interior do Estado de Sao Paulo; relacionar a ocorrencia destes acidentes com a categoria profissional e anos de trabalho na instituicao; identificar o tipo de material perfuro-cortante causador do acidente e identificar as condutas tomadas apos o acidente, pelo acidentado. Para a coleta de dados, atraves de entrevista individual, utilizou-se um formulario estruturado onde registrava-se, a causa atribuida ao acidente, o periodo de atuacao do profissional acidentado, o objeto causador, a conduta tomada apos o acidente. Evidenciou-se que as Precaucoes Padrao ou as antigas Precaucoes Universais nao sao utilizadas como deveriam, conferindo portanto, risco a equipe de enfermagem. Considera-se que esta equipe necessita de orientacoes especificas atraves de educacao continuada sobre o assunto.

Adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário

This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions(r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions (r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: knowledge and factors related to the nursing team's adherence to preventive measures.

This study evaluated the knowledge of a nursing team from a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil concerning preventive measures recommended in the care delivered to patients colonized with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and, through the Health Beliefs Model, identified the factors influencing adherence or non-adherence to preventive measures. A total of 318 professionals from different units participated in the study. According to the analysis, the nursing teams knowledge and perception of MRSA susceptibility was limited, which indicates the need for actions to improve the understanding of preventive measures employed in the care delivered to patients colonized or infected by this microorganism.Este estudio tuvo como objetivos evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermeria, en un hospital publico del Estado de Sao Paulo, sobre las medidas preventivas recomendadas en la asistencia a individuos colonizados con Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (MRSA) e identificar los factores que influyen en la adhesion o no adhesion a las medidas preventivas, segun el modelo de creencias en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo-cuantitativo, en el cual participaron 318 profesionales de diferentes sectores de la institucion. De acuerdo con el analisis realizado, el conocimiento del equipo de enfermeria, asi como la percepcion de susceptibilidad al MRSA, fue limitado, demandando acciones para mejorar la comprension de las medidas preventivas empleadas en la asistencia a pacientes colonizados o infectados por ese microorganismo.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina: conhecimento e fatores associados à adesão da equipe de enfermagem às medidas preventivas

This study evaluated the knowledge of a nursing team from a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil concerning preventive measures recommended in the care delivered to patients colonized with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and, through the Health Beliefs Model, identified the factors influencing adherence or non-adherence to preventive measures. A total of 318 professionals from different units participated in the study. According to the analysis, the nursing teams knowledge and perception of MRSA susceptibility was limited, which indicates the need for actions to improve the understanding of preventive measures employed in the care delivered to patients colonized or infected by this microorganism.Este estudio tuvo como objetivos evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermeria, en un hospital publico del Estado de Sao Paulo, sobre las medidas preventivas recomendadas en la asistencia a individuos colonizados con Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (MRSA) e identificar los factores que influyen en la adhesion o no adhesion a las medidas preventivas, segun el modelo de creencias en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo-cuantitativo, en el cual participaron 318 profesionales de diferentes sectores de la institucion. De acuerdo con el analisis realizado, el conocimiento del equipo de enfermeria, asi como la percepcion de susceptibilidad al MRSA, fue limitado, demandando acciones para mejorar la comprension de las medidas preventivas empleadas en la asistencia a pacientes colonizados o infectados por ese microorganismo.

Eficácia de três métodos de degermação das mãos utilizando gluconato de clorexidina degermante (GCH 2

The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.

The efficacy of three hand asepsis techniques using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG 2

The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.

Adhesión a las precauciones estándar de profesionales de enfermería actuantes enterapia intensiva de un hospital universitario

This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions(r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used. In the Adherence Scale to Standard Precautions we obtained a score of 4.45 (SD=0.27), classified as intermediate. There was a correlation when compared with the individual risk factors of the Scale of the Risk Personality (r =- 0.169, p=0.024) and the factors related to working with the barriers of the Scale for following standard precautions (r =- 0.359, p=0.000). Adherence to standard precautions among the nursing professionals was intermediate. Individual factors and factors related to work influenced the adherence to standard precautions.

Eficacia de tres métodos de desinfección de las manos utilizando gluconato de clorhexidina antiséptica (GHC 2

The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.The scrubbing of hands and forearms using antiseptic agents has been the standard pre-operative procedure to prevent surgical site infection. With the introduction of antiseptic agents, the need to use brushes for pre-operative disinfection has been questioned and it has been recommended that the procedure be abandoned due to the injuries it may cause to the skin. With the purpose to provide the foundations for the efficacy of pre-operative asepsis without using brushes or sponges, the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of pre-operative asepsis using an antimicrobial agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate - CHG 2%; hand-scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with the antiseptic agent (HRA) only. A comparative crossover study was carried with 29 healthcare providers. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured using the glove-juice method before and after each tested method. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant differences regarding the number of colony-forming units when comparing HRA, HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which theoretically disregards the need to continue using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis.