Aérica Cirqueira Nazareno

Avaliação do conforto térmico e desempenho de frangos de corte sob regime de criação diferenciado

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar tres sistemas de criacao para frangos de corte industrial, visando caracterizar o ambiente termico e o desempenho animal. O experimento foi realizado no decorrer de 42 dias, desenvolvido em modulos de producao, divididos em 15 boxes com 10 aves por box, submetidas a tres sistemas de criacao: semi-confinado com 3 m2 por ave de area de piquete (SC 3), semi-confinado com 6 m2 por ave de area de piquete (SC 6) e confinamento total (CONF). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em parcelas subdivididas e medias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (P < 0,05). As variaveis meteorologicas e os indices de conforto apontam o sistema de criacao SC 3 como o que permitiu melhor condicionamento termico natural as aves, apresentando valores medios da ordem de 25,4 °C, 69,9 kJ kg-1 e 75,7 para temperatura de bulbo seco (Tbs), entalpia (h) e indice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), respectivamente. Os parâmetros fisiologicos frequencia respiratoria (mov min-1) e temperatura cloacal (°C) indicaram valores medios mais adequados nas aves submetidas ao sistema de criacao SC 3. Os sistemas de criacao promoveram alteracoes no desempenho das aves para consumo de racao (CR) e peso corporal (PC) nos sistemas SC 3 e CONF, comparativamente ao SC 6, que apresentou prejuizo no desempenho.

Caracterização do microclima dos diferentes layouts de caixas no transporte de ovos férteis

The fertile egg components may be damaged when the microclimatic conditions and transportation characteristics are combined inadequately. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize and to assess the spatial dependence of microclimatic profiles during transport of fertile eggs with different layout of boxes. A trial was conducted in a commercial poultry industry in Mogi Mirim in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, through monitoring five loads of hatching eggs. An air conditioned truck was used, with maximum capacity of 592 egg boxes. Two layout of boxes were assessed in the present study. One data logger was installed inside the egg boxes, totalizing 18 data loggers. The following thermal variables were studied: dry-bulb temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and specific enthalpy (kJ kg-1 dry air). A completely randomized design was adopted , with a split-plot structure and was analysed through geostatistics (ordinary kriging). Inside the superior box layout, high values of temperature and lower values of relative humidity and specific enthalpy were registered. The worst regions for microclimatic in both layouts were located in the central and rear part of the truck during transport of fertile eggs.

Caracterização bioclimática de sistemas ao ar livre e confinado para a criação de matrizes suínas gestantes

O confinamento de matrizes suinas foi criado com o intuito de maximizar a produtividade; entretanto, existem problemas relacionados ao bem-estar animal. Objetivou-se avaliar a criacao de matrizes suinas gestantes no sistema de confinamento e ao ar livre, com relacao ao ambiente termico e as respostas fisiologicas. O experimento foi realizado em Monte Mor/SP. A avaliacao fisiologica foi realizada por meio do registro das variaveis: frequencia respiratoria e temperatura de pele. Foram registradas as variaveis meteorologicas: temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo umido e temperatura de globo negro, caracterizando o ambiente por meio da entalpia e indice de temperatura de globo e umidade. Foram utilizados seis animais por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, e as medias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As variaveis fisiologicas e meteorologicas apresentaram valores superiores no confinamento. O sistema de criacao ao ar livre potencializou as trocas termicas entre os animais e o ambiente, o que refletiu em menor estresse por calor observado nos animais.

Transporte de ovos férteis: Influência das idades das matrizes, tempos de estocagem e das estradas

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of age of breeder hens and storage periods on number of cracked eggs during transportation on different types of roads. The study was conducted in a poultry farm located in Mogi-Mirim, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, through tracking of three loads in different seasons of the year (spring, summer and autumn). An environmentally controlled truck was used, with total capacity of 592 egg boxes. Vibration levels (m s-2) and shocks during asphalt and land track were registered by accelerometers (n = 4). The number of cracked eggs was obtained through visual accounting of 18 egg boxes, which showed three breeder ages and three storage periods. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with a 3 x 3 factorial design. It is concluded that old and intermediate broiler breeders showed a higher number of cracked eggs. The higher vibration levels and load shocks were observed towards horizontally. The asphalt road offered harsh conditions for egg transportation.

Reconhecimento de cores de objetos e de alimentos de cromaticidades opostas por pintos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate, by preference tests, the ability of perception of broiler chicks in the recognition of objects and foods of different colors. The survey was conducted in Brazil and consisted in the conditioning of 60 sexed one-day-old chicks using 30 male chicks and 30 female chicks for three days with blue balls and red food colors chosen for having opposed chromaticities. After the conditioning phase, a preference test was performed, in which the animals were placed individually in the center of an arena test with four options: red food, blue food, red balls and blue balls. Each bird was measured for 10 minutes. Latency to the first peck and the number of pecks, the number of sequential pecks at each object type or food, the total time the bird in each occupied compartment and the first occupied slot were recorded. According to the results, female chicks are less inhibited when in contact with a new situation when compared with males. However, males were able to establish a standard environment in the conditioning phase and opted for the compartment which was closer to that situation, associating the blue color to the ball and red color to the food. Overall, among the types of object colors and between types of food colors, the birds took less time for the decision on the choice of blue food and blue ball, showing a greater attraction, at first, to this color. Between the two ball colors, shorter latency period, greater number of interactions as well as more time spent on site were related to the blue sphere, verifying greater preference for this object. When evaluating the types of food colors, it was observed that the highest averages related to the number of pecks, and sequential pecks occurred with red food. Therefore, it is concluded that the birds recognized the red and blue food object, with the blue color having greater attractiveness for broiler chicks when compared to red.

Vibrações mecânicas: um agente estressor no transporte de pintos

Mechanical vibrations present in transporting live loads can impair physiologic stability and the future performance of livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using simulations, the effect of two levels of vibration (9.64 and 15.19 m s-2) in stress responses and performance of day-old chicken. The vibrations were simulated by means of a shaking machine and studied by general acceleration values. The simulation period lasted two hours for each treatment and the birds had their parameters (difference in weight, respiratory rate, and performance in the first week) compared to control groups (without vibration). The experiment was conducted in a randomized design and the results showed that these levels did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) in weight and performance in the first week of life. However, chicks subjected to acceleration of 15.19 m s-2 achieved a significant increase (p < 0.05) in respiratory rate (54.33 mov min-1), thus concluding that the vibrations may act as a potential stressor during transport of these birds.

Níveis de vibração e choques em diferentes estradas durante o transporte de ovos férteis

The levels of vibration and shock due to transport can affect the quality of fertile eggs. The aim of this study was to characterize and to evaluate the influence of roads on the levels of vibration and shock in the transport of fertile eggs. The survey was conducted in the poultry integrator company in the State of Sao Paulo, by tracking shipments in three different seasons (spring, summer and autumn). An air-conditioned trunk was used, with a capacity of 592 boxes of eggs, totaling an average of 90,840 eggs. The evaluation of vibration levels (m s-2) and shocks on unpaved and asphalt roads were recorded by four accelerometers brand Hobo. For the vibration level, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 2 x 4 factorial. For the number of shocks the experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial 3 x 2. The worst levels of vibration and shock load occurred in the vertical direction. The asphalt road provided the worst conditions for the transport of eggs. The transport losses exceeded 1%, which are attributed to cracks and breakage of eggs.

Termorregulação de pintos de um dia submetidos a ambiente térmico simulado de transporte

Objetivou-se, por meio deste trabalho, avaliar a termorregulacao de pintos de um dia, mantidos em caixas de transporte, sob condicao termica simulada de transporte. Dois experimentos replicados executados em dias diferentes foram conduzidos em câmara climatica. Para cada um dos experimentos, foram utilizados 360 pintos de um dia. Esses animais foram submetidos as condicoes de frio, conforto e calor, durante uma hora em cada tratamento. Os animais foram mantidos em caixas de transporte de pintos de um dia com quatro compartimentos, sendo cada um deles com 10 animais, totalizando 40 animais por caixa. Foram utilizadas tres caixas empilhadas, simulando o que ocorre no caminhao de transporte. Para avaliacao fisiologica, foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: frequencia respiratoria, peso, temperaturas superficial e cloacal. No geral, o posicionamento das caixas nao alterou profundamente o conforto termico dos pintos de um dia. Com relacao as faixas termicas, a condicao de frio foi a que mais afetou as respostas fisiologicas, com destaque para as temperaturas superficial media e cloacal. No entanto, com o aumento do tempo de exposicao, possivelmente o tratamento termico por calor possa ter mais efeito sobre a termorregulacao desses animais.

Thermoregulatory responses of day-old chickens submitted to simulated transport condition: effect of thermal environment and box placement

The objective of this work was to assess the thermoregulation of one day-old chickens exposed to different dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity ranges and box placements, under simulated thermal conditions of transport. For this study, Cobb 500 1-day-old chicks (n = 360), were exposed to a thermoneutral, cold stress and heat stress treatments for 1 hour each, in a climatic chamber. Those animals were obtained from a commercial hatchery, from selected eggs which were stored and incubated in the same conditions. The animals were placed in boxes for day-old chicks transport, divided in 40 chicks per box (20 males and 20 females), with 3 boxes stacked vertically, for each treatment. Body weight, respiratory rate, body surface temperature and cloacal temperature were monitored in a sample of 20 animals per box after 1 hour of exposition to the following thermal treatment. The thermal profile inside the climatic chamber was monitored through temperature, relative humidity and specific enthalpy. A completely randomized design was adopted and the treatment structure was a 3 x3 factorial design (3 thermal ranges and 3 box placements). Data were analysed by ANOVA and means differing significantly were separated by the Tukey’s test procedure. These results suggest that the 3-box placement do not affect the thermal comfort of day-old chickens during transportation. Regarding the environment condition during transport, the cold stress affects the thermoregulation of neonatal chickens. However, as temperature increases, the welfare of these animals is depleted, due to increased heat load inside the transport boxes.

Thermoregulatory responses of day-old chickens submitted to simulated transport condition: effect of exposure time under different thermal ranges.

In this study, we assessed the thermoregulatory responses of day-old chickens exposed to different dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity ranges and varying exposure times, under simulated condition of transport. In this experiment, Cobb 500 1-day-old chicks (n = 900), were exposed to a thermoneutral (35°C; relative humidity 60%), cold stress (20°C; 75%) and heat stress (38°C; 75%) treatments during three time intervals (0, 3 and 6 hours), in a climatic chamber. Those animals were obtained from a commercial hatchery, from selected eggs which were stored and incubated in the same conditions. Female broiler breeders were about 41 weeks old. The animals were placed in boxes (n=3) for day-old chicks transport, divided in 100 chicks per box, and each box was intercalated with empty boxes, all stacked vertically, for each thermal treatment. Body weight, respiratory rate, body surface temperature, mortality rate and cloacal temperature were monitored in a sample of 5 animals per box after the time interval treatment. The thermal profile inside the climatic chamber was monitored through temperature, relative humidity and specific enthalpy. A completely randomized design was adopted and the treatment structure was a 3 x3 factorial design (3 thermal ranges and 3 time intervals). Data were analysed by ANOVA and means differing significantly were separated by the Tukey’s test procedure. It can be concluded that the heat stress during day-old chicks was the most stressful condition, considering physiological and mortality responses. Also, these responses were more aggravated after 3 hours of exposition to harsh environmental conditions.