Affonso Celso Gonçalves Júnior

Emergência e absorção de cobre por plantas de milho (Zea mays) em resposta ao tratamento de sementes com cobre

To determine the maximum copper dose that may be applied to the corn seeds without prejudice to the emergence, a trial, in greenhouse condition and completely randomized design, was accomplished. Corn seeds were treated with copper sulphate solution and their doses were: 0.00;1.00; 2.00; 4.00 and 6.00g of copper per kg of seed. The data showed that the copper application on corn seeds damaged seeds emergence, while the dosage of 5.09g copper per kg of seed was the most harmful. Treatments with more than 4,00g of copper per kg of seeds showed copper toxicity sympthoms, although they did not affect the plants dry mass.

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE UM TROCADOR ANIÔNICO DE SAL DE AMÔNIO QUATERNÁRIO DE QUITOSANA E UM TROCADOR COMERCIAL NA EXTRAÇÃO DE FÓSFORO DISPONÍVEL EM SOLOS

The present work aimed modify chemically the chitosan (QTS) surface to obtain a reticulate chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (SAQQR), and compare this anionic exchanger with an commercial ion exchanger in the extraction of available phosphorus in soils. The results showed that the two exchangers are identical, extracting similar and proportional quantities of available phosphorus in the studied soils, and the anionic exchanger of SAQQR provides a high chemical stability, not affected by the pH difference of soils.

Produtividade e componentes de produção da soja adubada com diferentes doses de fósforo, potássio e zinco

O correto incremento da produtividade agricola deve estar aliado ao avanco tecnologico no conhecimento das exigencias nutricionais de cada cultura, proporcionando, dessa forma, o correto uso de insumos na propriedade agricola. Com o objetivo de estudar a resposta de plantas de soja ao zinco (Zn) em relacao a diferentes doses de fosforo (P) e potassio (K), foi realizado este experimento no municipio de Palotina-PR. O solo foi classificado como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrofico. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x3, constituindo tres formas de adubacao com P2O5 e K2O: sem adubacao, uma vez e duas vezes a recomendacao de adubacao pela analise de solo e tres doses de Zn (0; 2 e 4 kg ha-1). Como fonte de nutrientes, foram utilizados fosfato bicalcico para P, cloreto de potassio para K e sulfato de zinco para Zn. As doses de Zn aplicadas nao influenciaram, significativamente, a produtividade, nao sendo justificada a sua suplementacao na forma de adubacao de base. Ja a adubacao com P2O5 e K2O provocou significativo aumento da produtividade e aumento do numero de legumes por planta, com aumento das doses desses nutrientes no solo.

Produtividade do milho em resposta a adubação com NPK e Zn em argissolo vermelho-amarelo eutrófico e latossolo vermelho eutroférrico

Objetivando-se avaliar os componentes de producao e a produtividade da cultura do milho em funcao da adubacao, com diferentes doses de Zn (Zinco), e NPK (nitrogenio, fosforo e potassio), realizou-se este trabalho nos municipios de Palotina - PR, em Argissolo Vermelho - Amarelo eutrofico e Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroferrico. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x3 constituindo tres doses de adubacao NPK: sem adubacao; uma vez (30-100-50 kg ha-1), e duas vezes a recomendacao de adubacao (60-200-100 kg ha-1), com base na analise do solo. Outro fator em estudo foi o Zn, em diferentes doses: 0,0; 5,0 e 10,0 mg dm-3. As parcelas corresponderam a 3,6 m de largura por 6 m de comprimento. Foram semeadas 4 linhas espacadas com 0,9 m, utilizando-se como parcela util as 2 linhas centrais, descartando-se 1,5 m de bordadura. A populacao de plantas foi de 6,5 sementes, por metro linear. Com relacao a adubacao de NPK (nitrogenio, fosforo e potassio), obteve-se aumento significativo para os componentes: numero de graos, massa de 1000 graos e a produtividade, sendo a dose 60-200-100 kg ha-1 a que proporcionou os melhores resultados no Latossolo Vermelho eutroferrico e no Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrofico, proporcionou aumento significativo na massa de 1000 graos e na produtividade. Em relacao a adubacao com o Zn, nao obteve-se aumento significativo, nos dois solos, entre os tratamentos para os componentes avaliados e a produtividade. Com este trabalho, pode-se concluir que a adubacao com NPK aumentou a produtividade da cultura nos dois solos e na adubacao com Zn nao se obteve diferencas de produtividade, para a cultura do milho.

Applicability of Moringa oleifera Lam. pie as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from waters

This study evaluated the efficacy of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as an adsorbent material for removing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium from contaminated solutions. The effect of the adsorbent mass was investigated at two pH conditions (5.0 and 7.0). The optimized conditions were 0.300 g of adsorbent at pH 5.0, used for the isotherms construction, and linearized according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that cadmium adsorption was similar in both the models used. For lead, the Freundlich model had the best adjustment and chromium was better adjusted by the Langmuir model. It was concluded that the adsorbent was effective in the remediation of solutions containing cadmium, lead and chromium, thus, its use as sustainable alternative material is feasible, since it has low cost, does not need a previous treatment and it is a byproduct.

Biossorção de cobre utilizando-se o mesocarpo e o endocarpo da macadâmia natural e quimicamente tratados

The objective was to analyze the efficiency of macadamia waste with and without chemical changes in biosorption of copper II (Cu2+). The chemical changes in the biosorbent with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and with NaOH and citric acid were evidenced by infrared spectroscopy by the appearance of peaks in 1710 and 1420 cm-1 and by scanning electron microscopy, observed an increase of roughness on the surface. The best results of the adsorption were observed in mesocarp modified with NaOH, in pH equal to 5. An equilibrium time adsorbent - adsorbate was 140 min, in addition, the system followed a kinetic model of pseudo-second order and the maximum adsorption capacity was 28.82 mg g-1. The isotherms for the residues modified with NaOH followed the Langmuir model and the modified with acid were adjusted to the Freundlich model. It was found that the adsorption process was energetically spontaneous due to negative values for the Gibbs energy and the adsorbent has a high capacity of desorption, so this material can be reused. Therefore, this residue is an excellent material to equip future filters for removal of copper II.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho após cultivo de soja

The chemical and physical properties of a soil often show a spatial dependence. Thus, it is important to study their spatial variability, aiming to improve the crop management, to reduce the environmental impact, to optimize the machinery use, and to increase the efficiency of staff. So, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of the physical properties of a distroferric Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox) after soybean crop. The data were collected in an area of 2 ha managed under no tillage system, using a sampling grid of 30 x 33 m, where it was evaluated the macro, micro and the total porosity, the bulk density and the soil water content in 0 - 0.1 m layer. After the exploratory and geostatistical analyses, the theoretical models were set to the semivariograms for each attribute. The data interpolation was performed using the ordinary kriging. All the variables showed spatial dependence, which ranged from moderate (macroporosity, total porosity and soil water content) to strong (microporosity and bulk density), according to the nugget effect coefficient.

Bioacumulação de metais pesados e nutrientes no mexilhão dourado do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional

This study aims to evaluate the bioaccumulation of macronutrients and heavy metals in the golden mussel according to its collection site and seasonality in the aquaculture area of the reservoir from April/2009 to March/2010. There is no difference (p > 0.05) in the concentration of metals with respect to the point of collection. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb were higher (p < 0.05) in spring and summer than in fall and winter. Values of the heavy-metal pollution index (MPI) for collection point and seasonality indicate environmental contamination in the aquaculture area.

Management of Soy Supply ( Glycine max ) and its Exploitation in Farming Crambe ( Crambe abyssinica )

The experiment was conducted in the 2013/14 season, in an experimental area of the C-Valle, in Palotina Municipal District, Parana State, Brazil. The cultivar used was Monsoy 6210 IPRO. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of basic fertilization (AB) in soybean sowing, AB + 20% AB + 40% AB + coverage with potassium, AB + 20% + coverage with potassium and AB + 40% + coverage with potassium. The variables evaluated for agronomic performance of soybeans were: Plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, yield and mass of one hundred seeds. Could not find significant differences in the variables analyzed. We conclude that the fertilization treatments were not effective for the increase of soybean grown in clay soil parameters. The crambe culture can be considered a culture that recycles nutrients and has good potential for the use of residual fertilizer from previous crops. Key words: Residual fertilizer, base fertilizer, nutritional requirements.

Disponibilidade dos metais pesados tóxicos cádmio, chumbo e cromo no solo e tecido foliar da soja adubada com diferentes fontes de NPK+Zn

Os fertilizantes utilizados para suprir micronutrientes podem apresentar metais pesados toxicos em sua composicao que podem proporcionar severas consequencias ao meio ambiente. Plantas cultivadas na presenca de determinadas concentracoes de elementos toxicos podem oferecer risco de contaminacao, pois os acumulam em seus tecidos. Desse forma, neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a disponibilizacao dos metais pesados toxicos Cd, Pb, e Cr para o solo e tecido foliar da cultura da soja, cultivada a campo e fertilizada com um formulado N:P2O5:K2O e diferentes fontes de Zn. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial [(5+1)x2], com tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos de cinco diferentes fertilizantes NPK+Zn (quatro fontes com Zn e uma sem Zn), um tratamento sem adubacao e duas doses de adubacao (uma vez e o seu dobro). Com base nos resultados obtidos foi concluido que a aplicacao dos tratamentos disponibilizou Cd, Pb e Cr para as plantas de soja e para o solo do experimento nas duas doses de adubacao utilizadas.