Afshan Mulla

Implementation of 802.15.4 for designing of home automation and power monitoring system

Innovation in the field of wireless technologies has revolutionized automation in industrial, commercial and residential sectors. With the proliferation of wireless technologies, it is important to implement an appropriate wireless protocol according to the application area. This paper provides a brief overview of the existing home automation systems and describes ZigBee (over IEEE 802.15.4) technology, along with its comparative study with other protocols. It suggests, ZigBee is an emerging technology in the field of Home Automation system (HAS). It also demonstrates the designing and implementation of HAS for remote controlling and monitoring of various domestic loads/appliances using ZigBee protocol. An efficient method of power utilization through real-time power monitoring with the help of a PC-based GUI application is illustrated.

Real Time Monitoring and Control System for Green House Based on 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Network

Greenhouse facilitates precise monitoring and controlling of various parameters, so as to cultivate quality conscience crops without slaying resources. The cabling laid for the sensors, deployed inside the Greenhouse is not feasible. Hence the need for an automated system employing wireless communication and remote sensing is imperative. This paper proposes a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based embedded system and deals with the implementation of ZigBee network (over IEEE 802.15.4) for remote controlling of the Greenhouse parameters. The detailed information regarding establishment of ZigBee network in Star topology as well as in Mesh Topology, inside the Greenhouse is illustrated. It also demonstrates the real time monitoring of parameters such as temperature, humidity, as well as the total power consumption of the system, with the help of a PC based GUI application developed on Java platform.

Image compression scheme based on zig-zag 3D-DCT and LDPC coding.

The prime necessity in communication system is utilizing the available bandwidth efficiently. Hence, compression of data to be sent over the link has become inevitable. In this paper, an algorithm for compressing hyperspectral space images based on ZigZag 3D-DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) technique is proposed. This method converts 2D gray-scale images into a 3 dimensional cube formation of 8*8*8 pixels and is operated with DCT. Thereafter the quantization and zig-zag scanning processes are implemented. After completing the processes, the 1D data vector formed facilitates in achieving better compression using run-length coding. Also, in order to design a complete practical system, a suitable irregular LDPC encoder is implemented in order to mitigate losses present in communication link. The performance of the algorithm is verified by plotting various quality measurement graphs, and determining its dominance over standard JPEG.

Comparison of Different Image Compression Techniques

In recent years, the development and demand of multimedia product is growing increasingly fast, contributing to insufficient bandwidth of network and storage of memory device. This justifies the use of different compression techniques to decrease the storage space and efficiency of transferring the images over the network to conserve the bandwidth. A quality constrained compression algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) having a spatial-frequency decomposition property which provides quality assessment for images is implemented. 3D spiral JPEG based lossy image compression method which was implemented is based on 3-dimensional formation of the original image by spiral order scanning and 3D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). An application of optimum vector quantization on image compression is studied in the Novel Kmeans algorithm which is similar to the LBG (Linde-BuzoGray) algorithm which provides an optimum codebook for training sequence which will minimize the average distortion over the training sequence, provided certain regularity conditions are satisfied is also evaluated. These image compression techniques are studied and compared for their performance. The results show that the ideal approach for compression of images depends on the type of image that is being compressed. This paper summarizes the different compression methods as it is necessary to reduce the amount of data needed for storage and transmission of information on the basis of different image parameters such as MSE, PSNR etc. General Terms: Transforms, Algorithm, compression, quantization.

Comparative Study of Communication Technologies for Power Optimized Automation Systems: A Review and Implementation

Communication technologies have superseded X10systems in automation industry. Various high performance wireless technologies are implemented for remote monitoring and controlling of loads. This has resulted in revolutionizing automation systems in industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Depending upon the application spectrum, network range, power consumption constraints etc. A competent communication technology should be implemented. This paper provides comparative factual collation of communication protocols considered for automation and optimization of systems, which facilitate users to control various loads locally and remotely. Zig Bee (over IEEE802.15.4), WiFi (over IEEE 802.11b/g), Bluetooth (over IEEE802.15.1), UWB (over IEEE 802.15.3), GSM, Z-Wave, Insteon standards are discussed and a detailed comparison is provided. Taking various parameters viz. Application area, network range, power utilization, number of nodes etc into consideration, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) application is developed. It assists the user in selecting an appropriate technology for implementing an automated system. Also for optimizing the power of automation system, the Power Measuring Unit (PMU) is implemented.

DTMF Based Automation System with Reduction of Noise Using Goertzel DFT Estimation

In recent years, intelligent network based Automation Systems are developed in industrial, commercial and residential sectors. The idea of managing the devices remotely can be implemented using various wireless technologies such as ZigBee, GSM/GPRS, Bluetooth, but these technologies require development of software, dedicated devices and network establishment schemes. Hence the implementation becomes time consuming and moreover they make the system costly. This paper presents a more liable Mobile Controlled Automated System based on DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) principle which is cost effective. It uses Mobile as a controlling device and prevailing infrastructure of the Telephone System at the receiver end. Also using Goertzel DFT estimation the noise in the system is eliminated and its complete analysis is presented.

Sub-band exchange DWT based image fusion algorithm for enhanced security

Transmission of critical data over the link, in the presence of an attacker has augmented the demand for secure communication. Particularly in the military field, exchange of classified images has to be executed with extreme caution. Advanced digital technologies require encryption, authentication and key distribution techniques to facilitate reliable and secure communication. In this paper, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Sub-band Exchange based color image fusion scheme for enhanced security is proposed. In this method, the horizontal and vertical sub-bands of two colored images are replaced by chrominance information of each other. This permits generation of uniquely fused gray-scale textured images. This method facilitates fused images which are extremely difficult to intercept by the attacker, since the probability of getting hold on all the information pertaining to one single image is negligible. Also, this method offers reduced bandwidth utilization and less transmission time as it converts colored images to compressed textured gray-scale images. In addition to proposing a novel image fusion technique and compression scheme, this paper illustrates detailed analysis of the algorithm.

The Wireless Technologies for Smart Grid Communication: A Review

Since 2005, Smart Grid technology has revolutionized the electric power system industry. Researchers have shown a lot of interest in the opportunities offered by ICT(Information and Communication Technologies), to modernize the operation of electrical networks. This is possible by decarbonizing them as well as monitoring and controlling them with sophisticated communication standards. For this purpose, merging the technologies offered by electrical and telecommunication sector is very crucial. Various wireless communication standards viz. WiMAX, Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, GPRS, UMTS etc. Can be exploited to develop Smart Grid Network and extend communication throughout the distributed system. This paper gives a detailed comparative study of communication protocols that can be implemented in this domain. It focuses on various aspects such as network spanning, data rates, power consumption, data security and encryption standards, data access and spread spectrum techniques, modulation and duplexing schemes for all the communication standards in Smart Grid. Hence by addressing all the critical issues, this paper provides a contemporary look in the still open research areas in Smart Grid Communication.

Probabilistic triangular shuffling approach in DWT based image compression scheme

In the image processing domain, researchers all over the world aim at designing algorithms which posses the feature of facilitating multiple advantages amalgamated in one scheme viz. compression, fusion, enhancement, security etc. In various classified applications such as military, medical, forensics etc, the image databases are huge and contain a lot of information. Hence, compression of these high-quality images and securing these databases becomes imperative. This paper proposes a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) guided image compression as well as image security technique. The RGB color images are converted into textured images by exploiting DWT properties and thereby facilitating image compression. Since this process is reversible, the colors in the image are retrieved back from the texture patterns. In addition, the security of the image is enhanced based on a novel probabilistic triangular shuffling scheme. The overall proposed algorithm assists in achieving 67-70% compression ratio and improved security. Evaluating the performance of the algorithm, various graphs pertaining to PSNR, MSE, probability of security breach are realized.

Enhanced quality LANDSAT image processing based on 4-level Sub-Band Replacement DWT

Satellite images are multi-spectral in nature that operate over wavelengths of wide range frequencies known as bands. Hence, they need to be processed cautiously. This paper presents a 4-Level DWT based Sub-Band Replacement (SR-DWT) Image Compression scheme, for LANDSAT satellite images. The algorithm is designed to compress various color band images captured by the satellite payload. By performing compression on these images and converting them to unique textured images, it exploits the sub-bands generated by the wavelet transform. Since the algorithm is a reversible process, it facilitates retrieval of the images back to colored format at the receiver. Due to the property of possessing spatial-frequency decomposition, the recovered images are of high quality with improved Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 20dB and correspondingly very low MSE value. Using an astrophysical image database, the performance analysis of the 4-Level SR-DWT algorithm is illustrated.