Agoes Soegianto

Effect of cadmium and zinc in different salinity levels on survival and osmoregulation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

This study compared the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn on juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei when administered at different salinities. It also evaluated the effect of sublethal Cd and Zn concentrations on the osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of the juvenile shrimp. Tolerance to Cd and Zn increased progressively with increasing salinity. Cadmium was more toxic than zinc. The 96 h LC50s of cadmium to juvenile L. vannamei were 450, 690, and 1020 µg Cd L−1 at 5, 15, and 27 ppt salinity, respectively. The 96 h LC50s of zinc were 3780, 5520, and 8910 µg Zn L−1 at 5, 15, and 27 ppt, respectively. Exposure to sublethal concentration of Cd and Zn reduced the hyper-OC of exposed shrimp at 5 and 15 ppt salinity, and increased the hypo-OC of exposed animals at 27 ppt salinity.

Effect of cadmium on survival, osmoregulation and gill structure of the Sunda prawn, Macrobrachium sintangense (de Man), at different salinities

The prawn Macrobrachium sintangense is likely to be subjected to occasional exposure to combined metal and saline stressors in its natural environment. This research evaluated the acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of cadmium (Cd) on the prawn M. sintangense, with respect to the osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of prawns and to document histological changes in the gills after exposure to sublethal Cd concentrations at different salinities. The 96 h LC50 of Cd to M. sintangense decreased with increasing salinity. The 96 h LC50 values were 89.12 (72.53–109.50), 681.26 (554.20–837.46) and 825.37 (676.99–1006.27) μg CdL−1 at 0, 10 and 20 ppt, respectively. The OC of prawns exposed to 30 μg CdL−1 at 0 ppt and to 300 μg CdL−1 at10 ppt decreased significantly compared with that of control prawns exposed to 0 and 10 ppt respectively. Swelling, hyperplasia and necrosis of gill lamellae resulting in the loss of marginal canals were observed in the gills of prawns exposed to 30 μg CdL−1 at 0 ppt and to 300 μg CdL−1 at 10 ppt for 7 days.

Effect of copper on survival, osmoregulation, and gill structures of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, de Man) at different development stages

This study evaluated the acute toxicity of copper at different life stages of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, to determine the effect of sublethal copper concentration on osmoregulatory capacity (OC), to measure the copper level in gills, and to investigate the effect of copper on the histological change of the gills of adult prawns. The 24-, 48-, and 96-h medium lethal concentration (LC50) of copper on M. rosenbergii increased progressively along with the increasing life stage, from postlarvae, juvenile to adult. The 24-, 48-, and 96-h LC50 values for copper were higher at 0 ppt than those at 12 ppt for both juvenile and adult. After 7 d exposure to 0.75 mg Cu L−1 at 0 and 12 ppt, the OC values of exposed prawns were reduced by 12 and 47%, respectively, compared with control animals. However, the OC value of prawns exposed to 0.5 mg Cu L−1 was not significantly different from the OC value of control prawns both at 0 and at 12 ppt. The copper concentrations on gill tissues increased significantly in prawns exposed to copper both at 0 and at 12 ppt. After the copper exposure, swelling of lamellae, multiple hyperplasia and necrosis were observed in gill lamellae, resulting in abnormal gill tips. An obvious relation between the impairment of osmoregulation and the structural damage of gills are reported in this study.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Animals Collected from Coastal Waters of Gresik, Indonesia

A survey of the presence of metals in aquatic animals caught from Gresik coastal waters, Indonesia, has been conducted. The results show that all animals contained Zn levels higher than the level of other metals (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Se and Pb) in the same species. The copper level recorded in tissue of banana shrimp showed higher copper concentration than that in other fishes. The concentration of Zn in whole body of animals (ponyfish and anchovy) was relatively higher than those recorded in muscle tissues (banana shrimp, drum, mullet and sea catfish). It was also found that the level of metals in all samples collected from this area contained metals in their tissue within acceptable range for consumption. These data provide useful information for future reference.

Effects of cadmium on metallothionein and histology in gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinities

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sublethal cadmium concentrations on the levels of cadmium, metallothionein (MT) and histological changes in gills of East Java strain tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinity levels. The levels of cadmium in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5 and 10 practical salinity unit (PSU). The cadmium concentrations in gills of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher at 0 PSU than at 5, 10 and 15 PSU. The MT concentrations in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5, and 10 PSU. The MT concentrations of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher than those in respective control groups at 0, 5 and 10 PSU. Significant gill damage occurred in fish exposed to cadmium at lower salinity. The epithelial lifting was noted at gills of fish exposed to 2.5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU, and telangiectasis was observed at gills exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU. The level of gill damage decreased with increasing salinity of media. The increased MT and histological changes in gills of our findings could be a protective response of animals to toxic effect of cadmium.

Potency of bio-charcoal briquette from leather cassava tubers and industrial sludge

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the bio-charcoal briquette with materials from leather cassava tubers and sludge of wastewater treatment plant. The first, bio-charcoal briquette analized stability test and compressive strength. Then, bio-charcoal briquette with best value analyzed for parameter including moisture content, ash content, calorific content, and burned test. The result briquette quality based on compressive strength for bio-charcoal briquettes carbonated water content between 3.8%-4.5% and non-carbonated bio-charcoal briquettes between 5.2%-7.6%. Bio-charcoal carbonation briquette ash content was between 5.30%-7.40% and non-carbonated bio-charcoal briquettes was between 6.86%-7.46%. Bio-charcoal carbonation levels briquettes heated between 578.2 calories/g-1837.7 calories/g and non carbonatedbio-charcoal briquettes between 858.1 calories/g-891.1 calories/g. Carbonated bio-charcoal burned test was between 48-63 minutes and non-carbonated bio-charcoal was between 22–42 ...

Effect of different salinity on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of East Java strain tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different salinity levels on the physiology of East Java strain tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring the serum osmolalities (SO), ion levels and hematological parameters. Their SOs above the external medium (hyper-osmotic) at 0 and 5 ppt, becoming iso-osmotic at 10 ppt and hypo-osmotic at 15 ppt. The concentrations of serum Na+, K+, Cl− and Ca2+ in fish acclimated in 0 and 5 ppt were not significantly different. The levels of Na+, Cl– and Ca2+ in fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt were higher than those in fish acclimated at 0 and 5 ppt. In contrast, the levels of K+ in fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt were lower than those in fish exposed to 0 and 5 ppt. The levels of red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin of fish exposed to salinity of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppt were not significantly different. The levels of white blood cell increased significantly at fish exposed to 10 and 15 ppt. These data provide useful information for future reference and farming practice.

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Crayfish from South Sorong and Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of crayfish living in the natural habitat of South Sorong and Jayawijaya Regencies, Papua, Indonesia. Three species of crayfish (Cherax monticola, C. albertisii and C. communis) were collected from Jayawijaya Regency and only one species of crayfish (C. swonden) was collected from South Sorong Regency. The growth coefficient (b) for each crayfish species ranged from 2.55 to 3.10. C. monticola from Jayawijaya Regency presented the highest b value (3.10), and C. swonden from South Sorong Regency showed the lowest b value (2.55). The condition factors (K) for each crayfish species ranged from 1.9 to 2.3. C. monticola and C. albertissi had the highest K value (2.3), whereas C. swonden demonstrated the lowest K value (1.9). The present study indicated that the values of b and K of crayfish living in Jayawijaya were higher than those from South Sorong probably because Jayawijaya habitat provides more suitable environment and better food supply for crayfish than South Sorong.

Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Halfbeaks (Hyporhampus affinis) from the East Java Coast, Indonesia and Human Health Hazard

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to measure the levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the muscle tissues of halfbeaks (Hyporhampus affinis) captured at five stations along the East Java coast, Indonesia. This fish is one of the important species and consumed by local people as a cheap source of protein. We evaluated the hazard level posed by the metals in relation to the maximum residual limit for human consumption and to estimate the weekly intake and compare it with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations in fish at all stations ranged from 0.006 to 0.023 mg/kg, 0.007 to 0.024 mg/kg, and 0.047 to 0.055 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. All samples of halfbeaks collected from this area appear to be safe for human consumption because their metals’ levels are below the permissible limit for human consumption and the maximum weekly intakes are below the recommended values of PTWI.

Effect of Cd on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinity levels

Effects of cadmium on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) were evaluated at different salinities. Serum osmolalities (SOs) in fish unexposed ...