Sucipto Hariyanto

Effects of cadmium on metallothionein and histology in gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinities

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sublethal cadmium concentrations on the levels of cadmium, metallothionein (MT) and histological changes in gills of East Java strain tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinity levels. The levels of cadmium in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5 and 10 practical salinity unit (PSU). The cadmium concentrations in gills of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher at 0 PSU than at 5, 10 and 15 PSU. The MT concentrations in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5, and 10 PSU. The MT concentrations of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher than those in respective control groups at 0, 5 and 10 PSU. Significant gill damage occurred in fish exposed to cadmium at lower salinity. The epithelial lifting was noted at gills of fish exposed to 2.5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU, and telangiectasis was observed at gills exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU. The level of gill damage decreased with increasing salinity of media. The increased MT and histological changes in gills of our findings could be a protective response of animals to toxic effect of cadmium.

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Crayfish from South Sorong and Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of crayfish living in the natural habitat of South Sorong and Jayawijaya Regencies, Papua, Indonesia. Three species of crayfish (Cherax monticola, C. albertisii and C. communis) were collected from Jayawijaya Regency and only one species of crayfish (C. swonden) was collected from South Sorong Regency. The growth coefficient (b) for each crayfish species ranged from 2.55 to 3.10. C. monticola from Jayawijaya Regency presented the highest b value (3.10), and C. swonden from South Sorong Regency showed the lowest b value (2.55). The condition factors (K) for each crayfish species ranged from 1.9 to 2.3. C. monticola and C. albertissi had the highest K value (2.3), whereas C. swonden demonstrated the lowest K value (1.9). The present study indicated that the values of b and K of crayfish living in Jayawijaya were higher than those from South Sorong probably because Jayawijaya habitat provides more suitable environment and better food supply for crayfish than South Sorong.

Effect of Cd on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinity levels

Effects of cadmium on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) were evaluated at different salinities. Serum osmolalities (SOs) in fish unexposed ...

Phenotype variation of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulate W. Peters, 1859) population from different quality of aquatic environments in Surabaya, Indonesia

Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) is commonly found in various regions and widespread distribution throughout the world, several aquatic environments in Surabaya have been known belong to the category of water quality class III or class IV. Abiotic factors that present in the environment may influence the polymorphism in a guppy fish population. When the population faces different environmental condition, it will cause the phenotypic variation in order to adapt to the conditions in the local environment. This study aims to observe the phenotypic variation of guppy fish population living in several aquatic environments with different quality levels in Surabaya. Fish samples were taken from six different locations that have been known for their water quality based on measurement of physical and chemical parameters. The total of 120 fish samples was obtained from six locations and used for phenotypic character analysis, such as body size and body color pattern. The results of this study consist of data on phenotype structure and phenogram tree. The population kinship based on phenogram tree consists of the first group that coming from a population of the class IV location, while the second group is coming from a population of the class III location. The phenotypic character of guppy fish that have different values between sites is body length, body area, the relative area of structural color, and relative area of carotenoid color.Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) is commonly found in various regions and widespread distribution throughout the world, several aquatic environments in Surabaya have been known belong to the category of water quality class III or class IV. Abiotic factors that present in the environment may influence the polymorphism in a guppy fish population. When the population faces different environmental condition, it will cause the phenotypic variation in order to adapt to the conditions in the local environment. This study aims to observe the phenotypic variation of guppy fish population living in several aquatic environments with different quality levels in Surabaya. Fish samples were taken from six different locations that have been known for their water quality based on measurement of physical and chemical parameters. The total of 120 fish samples was obtained from six locations and used for phenotypic character analysis, such as body size and body color pattern. The results of this study consist of data on phe...

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm: An important medicinal orchid

A protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and production of transgenic Dendrobium lasianthera has been developed for the first time. The 8-week-old protocorm explants were used as target of transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying plasmid pG35SKNAT1. Several parameters such as infection period, Agrobacterium density, concentration of acetosyringone, and co-cultivation period were evaluated for the transformation efficiency. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with p < 0.05. Subsequently, KNAT1 gene expression was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The highest efficiency of transformation (70%) obtained from protocorm explants infected with Agrobacterium culture was at the OD600 concentration of 0.6 for 30 min, and co-cultivated with acetosyringone 100 µM for 5 days. The results of confirmation by PCR analysis show that the KNAT1 gene has been integrated and expressed in the genome of Dendrobium lasianthera transgenic.

Benthic Macroinvertebrates Diversity as Bioindicator of Water Quality of Some Rivers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

The objectives of this study were to clarify and evaluate the water quality of a number of rivers in East Kalimantan province of Indonesia. For this purpose, our study successfully utilized the benthic macroinvertebrates diversity as well as physical-chemical parameters of river’s water. For instance, based on the values of Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) and the National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI), Karang Mumus River was categorized as polluted with Chironomus sp. and Melanoides tuberculata as codominant taxa. In addition, Jembayan River exhibited doubtful or moderate quality containing M. tuberculata and A. parvula as codominant taxa. However, Pampang River was found to be the cleanest river with Odonata and Baetidae families as codominant taxa.

Spicule size variation in Xestospongia testudinaria Lamarck, 1815 at Probolinggo-Situbondo coastal

Xestospongia testudinaria Lamarck, 1815 is a marine sponge that become a main constituent in reef ecosystems at northern waters Probolinggo-Situbondo. This barrel sponge species possesses an oxea type of spicule that varies in dimensions (length and width) in concordance to condition and location of habitat. The experiment aimed to understand how spicules condition of this sponge reacted to environment variables. Sponges’ specimen were taken by SCUBA equipment in 6-7 m, 10-11 m, and 14-15 m depths in addition to four different localities and three different part of sponges’ body (upper, middle and basal parts). Environmental variables data were also retrieved (salinity, water clarity, temperature, dissolve silica, and depth) in each locations. Results confirmed that oxea spicule size either in length or width dimensions in four locations (Batu Lawang coral cluster [BL], Karang Mayit coral cluster [KM], Paiton coral cluster [PT], and Takat Palapa [TP]) relatively increased toward depth. Likewise, the size ...

The distinctive character of shell morphology Rectidens sumatrensis (DUNKER, 1852) against Elongaria orientalis (LEA, 1840) (two local species, bivalvia: Unionidae) from the Brantas river, Indonesia

This research is directed to recognize the main characters of shell morphology that can easily be used to distinguish the two local species of Bivalia Unionidae in the Brantas River in East Java (Indonesia) which are very similar, namely Rectidens sumatrensis and Elongaria orientalis. A total of 49 individuals sampled specimens of both species were characterized based on identification guide Jutting (1953). About of 30 of shell morphological characters were observed, there are three characters identified in specimens Rectidens sumatrensis that can be used to distinguish from the specimen Elongaria orientalis, namely the presence of wrinkles noticeable on the surface structure of the interior of the shell; anteriorly of the greatest diameter of the shell, there is generally a shallow concavity in the flanks; and the two cardinal teeth in each valve shells left and right are relatively undeveloped.