Agustín Salvia

The impact of home safety on sleep in a Latin American country

OBJECTIVESnWe sought to assess the impact of feelings of safety in ones neighborhood and home on sleep quality and sleep duration.nnnDESIGNnThe design is a cross-sectional survey using face-to-face interviews, as part of the Argentine Social Debt Observatory assessment.nnnSETTINGnThe setting is a nationwide data from Argentina.nnnPARTICIPANTSnThere are 5636 participants aged 18 years and older.nnnINTERVENTION (IF ANY)nN/A.nnnMEASUREMENTSnThe relationships between both subjective sleep quality and self-reported sleep duration, categorized as short (<7 hours), normal (7-8 hours), and long (>8 hours) with safety in ones neighborhood and ones home, were analyzed. Age, sex, obesity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and education were included as covariates.nnnRESULTSnFeeling unsafe in ones home was strongly associated with poorer sleep quality and with short sleep duration. Feeling unsafe in ones neighborhood was initially associated with reduced sleep quality but was no longer significant after controlling for home safety. In contrast, we found no correlation between safety measures and long sleep. In analyses stratified by sex, feeling unsafe in ones home was associated with poor sleep quality in women but not in men.nnnCONCLUSIONSnOur findings suggest that safety in the home has an important effect on both sleep quality and duration, particularly among women. In contrast, after accounting for safety in the home, neighborhood safety does not impact sleep. Further research is warranted to identify mechanisms underlying the sex differences in susceptibility to poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration, as well as to assess whether interventions addressing safety in the home can be used to improve sleep and overall health.

Estructura sectorial del empleo, nivel educativo de la fuerza de trabajo y diferenciales de ingresos laborales en la argentina (1992-2014)

Algunos estudios sobre los cambios distributivos en la Argentina durante las ultimas decadas enfatizan la importancia de la reduccion de los premios a la educacion en la mejora distributiva. Otros estudios se centran en los cambios en las politicas laborales, y sus efectos sobre las tasas de afiliacion a la seguridad social. Menos conocidos son los esfuerzos dedicados a analizar las desigualdades asociadas a la heterogeneidad estructural presente en los mercados laborales perifericos. Retomando esta ultima perspectiva, se relativizan las diferentes tesis en debate, en particular, el papel de los retornos a la educacion vis a vis la desigual insercion sectorial de la fuerza de trabajo. Esta relacion se analiza en tres periodos diferentes: a) la etapa de implementacion de politicas “ortodoxas” de liberalizacion economica (1992-1998); b) la fase final y critica de ese modelo (1998-2003); y c) la etapa dominada por politicas “heterodoxas” orientadas al mercado interno (2003-2014).

Los jóvenes en el mercado laboral argentino bajo regímenes macroeconómicos diferentes: neoliberalismo y neodesarrollismo (1992-2014)

Objective: The article´s objective is to analize the evolution of the young work force job composition under different macroeconomic regimes in Argentina: neoliberalism (1992-1998) and neodevelopmentalism (2004-2014), taking into account the period of socioeconomic crisis (2001-2003) that separates them. Method: With this porpose a quantitative methodological strategy was developed processing data of the permanent household survey of the INDEC in the Great Buenos Aires agglomerate about the young workers between 18 and 29 years old. Results and conclusions: The study below presents a first approach about the problematic of the young argentinian people job placement, analyzing the sectorial behavior of jobs, the labor market segmentation and the work salary determination during the last two decades. The conclusion of the article is that in labor matters, the young people are in a disadvantaged position, accessing to lower quality jobs, with greater difficulties to keep them, despite the macroeconomic progressive changes that took place during the last years.