Ahmad Rahman Songip

The efficient role of aquatic plant (water hyacinth) in treating domestic wastewater in continuous system

ABSTRACT In this study, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was used to treat domestic wastewater. Ten organic and inorganic parameters were monitored in three weeks for water purification. The six chemical, biological and physical parameters included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and pH were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). Between 38% to 96% of reduction was observed and water quality has been improved from class III and IV to class II. Analyses for Electricity Conductivity (EC), Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Ammonium (NH4) were also investigated. In all parameters, removal efficiency was in range of 13–17th day (optimum 14th day) which was higher than 3 weeks except DO. It reveals the optimum growth rate of water hyacinth has great effect on waste water purification efficiency in continuous system and nutrient removal was successfully achieved.

Removal Rate of Organic Matter Using Natural Cellulose via Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Studies.

In this study, the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) using coconut fiber (CF) and palm oil fiber (POF) was investigated. Preliminary analysis was performed using a jar test for the selection of optimal medium before the fabricated column model experiment. The equilibrium studies on isotherms and kinetic models for NOM adsorption were analyzed using linearized correlation coefficient. Results showed that the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model for both CF and POF. The most suitable adsorption model was the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for POF and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for CF. The adsorption capacities achieved by the CF and POF were 15.67 and 30.8 mg/g respectively. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that the POF is the most suitable material for the removal of NOM in semi polluted river water.Al Asfar Lake is a shallow wetland and habitat for wildlife and birds in a desert environment. The water of this lake is originated from the drainage water collected by earthen drainage network and discharged into the lake. The purpose of this study was to assess physico- chemical characteristics and some of heavy metals in Al Asfar lake water. The studied parameters are iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, pH, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. Forty-five surface water samples were collected in March 2013. The results revealed that the pH ranged from 7.33 to 8.67, electrical conductivity ranged from 8.28 to 11.34 dS/m, and NO(3)(-) ranged from 0.84 to 2.29 mg/L. In addition, heavy metals concentrations in water were found in the following order: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Cd > Cr = Pb. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in surface water of Al Asfar lake ranged from 0.027 to 0.159 ppm, 0.007 to 0.142 ppm, 0.005 to 0.017 ppm, 0.005 to 0.066 ppm, 0.001 to 0.033 ppm, 0 ppm, and 0 ppm for iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, and lead, respectively. Moreover, pH, NO(3)(-), Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the surface water of Al Asfar Lake were found to be within the international permissible limits. On the other hand, Cu and Cd concentrations exceeded the international permissible limits. The high level of some parameters of the measured heavy metals could be attributed to the contamination of Al Asfar Lake with discharge water enriched with chemical fertilizers in addition to domestic and industrial effluents.

Wasted cockle shell (Anadara granosa) as a natural adsorbent for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model (FCM)

AbstractThe potential use of crushed cockle shells (Anadara granosa) for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model was investigated along with the determination of the optimum amount of A. granosa used in the fabricated column model based on the results obtained from the series of jar test experiments performed during the study. The result shows that the crushed cockle shell could reduce chemical oxygen demand with the adsorption capacity of 5.3191 mg g−1. Moreover, based on adsorption isotherm, it is shown that the adsorption data best fitted for Freundlich (R2 = 0.9798) when compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.5737). The breakthrough curves plotted based on the data obtained from fabricated column model experiment indicates that the exhaustion time of crushed cockle shell was on the third day. The linearization of breakthrough curves based on Thomas model, Yoon–Nelson model, and Adam–Bohart model, shows that the curves best fitted with Adam–Bohart model, since the value of R2 was hi...

Chemical Recycling of Waste Plastics: Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil from Waste Plastics over Ni-Rey Zeolite

The increasing amount of waste plastics which causes serious pollution problems is a cheap and abundant source of chemicals and energy. Chemical recycling method which recovers hydrocarbons is recognized as the ideal approach in recycling the waste.1 The economics and engineering constraints in the chemical method of a combined pyrolysis-reforming reactor has been discussed earlier.2 The pyrolysis-reforming reactor was found to inhibit systematic study on the effects of various reaction conditions. A proposed process scheme of independently studying the pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactions has been shown to alleviate the constraints of the combined pyrolysis-reforming scheme.2