Ahmed M. Hussein

Reactions of Hydrazonoyl Halides 47 1 : Synthesis of Some New 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, Triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidines, and Pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyridazines with Expected Biological Activity

2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, triazolino[4, 3-a]pyrimidines, andpyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyridazines were synthesized in good yields from reactions of hydrazonoyl halides with alkyl carbodithioates, pyrimidine-2-thione, and substituted prop-2-ene-1-one, respectively. All structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, and an alternative synthesis method. Some of the new compounds were tested towards bacteria and fungi.

Reactions of hydrazonoyl halides 44 [1]: synthesis of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazolines, 1,3,4-selenadiazolines and triazolino[4,3- a ]pyrimidines

1,3,4-Thiadiazolines, 1,3,4-selenadiazolines and triazolino[4,3-a]pyrimidines have been synthesized from 3-aza-[2,4-dimethyl(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-2-bromo-3-substituted-amino]prop-2-en-1-ones with potassium thiocyanate, potassium selenocyanate, alkyl carbodithioates and 6-methyl-2-methylthio-4-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis, spectral data and alternative synthesis whenever possible. Some of products have been tested towards bacteria.

Synthesis of Benzimidazole Ketene N , S -Acetals and Their Reactions with Nucleophiles

Abstract The novel ketene thioacetal 4 and ketene N,S-acetal 5 were readily prepared by the reaction of 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole with either carbon disulfide or phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of a base, followed by alkylation of the produced salts with methyl iodide. The reaction of compounds 4 and 5 with hydrazines afforded different benzimidazolyl substituted pyrazoles.

Amino acids in heterocyclic synthesis: Novel synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and pyrido[1,2,a]benzimidazoles

Abstract The diazolones 1a–c were reacted with triethylorthoformate and hippuric acid derivatives 3 to afford the novel pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives 4. The latter undergoes ring cleavage by reaction with acetic acid‐ammonium acetate and was transformed into the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives 6. The reaction of 2‐cyanomethyl‐benzimidazole 7 with triethylorthoformate and hippuric acid derivatives 3 to give the pyrido[1,2‐a]‐benzimidazoles 10 has also been discussed.

Manual removal versus spontaneous delivery of the placenta at cesarean section in developing countries: a randomized controlled trial and review of literature

Abstract Purpose: Cesarean section (CS) rates have increased; this is especially concerning in developing countries. The mode of placental delivery contributes to morbidity associated with CS and determines blood loss during CS. We aimed to compare manual removal versus spontaneous delivery of the placenta at CS. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 574 women admitted for primary or repeat elective CS were randomized into two groups. In group A, the placenta was manually removed, whereas in group B, the placenta was left for spontaneous delivery. Blood loss, operative and postoperative data were recorded. Results: Blood loss was 875.2 ± 524.2 ml in group A versus 731.8 ± 426.7 ml in group B (p = .001), with a significant drop in postoperative HB (p = .015) and HCT (p = .031). In group A, odds ratios for blood loss (>1000 ml), HB drop (> 4g/dl), postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion were 2.581, 2.850, 2.614 and 1.665, respectively. However, the total operative time (p = .326), duration of hospital stay (p = .916) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p = .453) were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusions: Manual removal of the placenta at CS is associated with a higher risk of blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion, with no decrease in operative time.

Reactions of Hydrazonoyl Halides 41: 1 Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles, 2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and Triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidines

Triazoles, thiadiazoles, and triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrimidines were synthesized via reaction of hydrazonoyl halides with each of 3-methyl-4-(methylthiothioxomethyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-4-[methylthio(phenylamino)methyl]-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and pyrimidine-2-thiones. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, spectral data, and alternative-methods synthesis whenever possible.

Can AMH levels predict the need for increased medication during IVF/ICSI in PCOS women?

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the ability of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) to predict the step up of human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG) dose in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. Methods: AMH was drawn before ovulation induction in 976 PCOS women scheduled for IVF/ICSI. After all cycles ended, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to investigate the ability of AMH to predict step up of the HMG. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.820 95%CI (0.792–0.848), and a cutoff value of 4.6 ng/ml (sensitivity 74%, specificity 82%) for AMH was taken (p < 0.01). Cases were divided into two groups retrospectively; group (A) (AMH ≤4.6 ng/ml), and group (B) (AMH >4.6 ng/ml). No difference in the mean age (p = 0.147); BMI (p = 0.411), basal FSH (p = 0.221), and starting dose (p = 0.195); however, the dose at which the first response occurred was higher in group (B) (p < 0.01). The total dose and number of days were higher in group (B) (both p < 0.01) irrespective of the PCOS subtype or androgen levels. Severe OHSS was also higher in group (B) (p = 0.026). Conclusions: PCOS with AMH >4.6 ng/ml are resistant to HMG stimulation, require dose step up during ART cycles, and are at higher risk for severe OHSS.

The role of prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation in abnormally invasive placenta undergoing caesarean hysterectomy: a randomized control trial

Abstract Objective: To identify the role of bilateral internal iliac artery (IIA) ligation on reducing blood loss in abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) undergoing caesarean hysterectomy. Methods: In this parallel-randomized control trial, 57 pregnant females with ultrasound features suggestive of AIP were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups; IIA group (n = 29 cases) performed bilateral IIA ligation followed by caesarean hysterectomies, while Control group (n = 28 cases) underwent caesarean hysterectomy only. The main outcome was the difference in the estimated intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the intraoperative estimated blood loss (1632 ± 804 versus 1698 ± 1251, p value .83). The operative procedure duration (minutes) (223 ± 66 versus 171 ± 41.4, p value .001) varied significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation, in cases of AIP undergoing caesarean hysterectomy, is not recommended for routine practice to minimize blood loss intraoperatively.

Effect of ovarian endometrioma on uterine and ovarian blood flow in infertile women

Background Angiogenesis has been found to be among the most important factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The formation of new blood vessels is critical for the survival of newly implanted endometriotic foci. The use of 3-D power Doppler allows for the demonstration of the dynamic vascular changes that occur during the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF). We aimed to evaluate the effect of ovarian endometrioma on uterine and ovarian blood flow in infertile women. Materials and methods In a case–control study at a university teaching hospital, 138 women with unilateral ovarian endometrioma scheduled for IVF were compared to 138 women with male-factor or unexplained infertility. In the mid-luteal (peri-implantation) phase of the cycle, endometrial thickness, uterine and ovarian artery pulsatility index and resistance index, endometrial and ovarian volume, 3-D power Doppler vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization FI (VFI) values were measured in both groups. Results There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in endometrial thickness, uterine ovarian artery pulsatility index and resistance index, endometrial and ovarian volume, or VI, FI, and VFI between the two groups. Furthermore, the endometrial and ovarian Doppler indices were not influenced by endometrioma size. No significant differences were observed in the ovarian Doppler indices between endometrioma-containing ovaries and contralateral ovaries. Conclusion Ovarian endometrioma is not associated with impaired endometrial and ovarian blood flows in infertile women scheduled for IVF, and it is not likely to affect endometrial receptivity or ovarian function through a vascular mechanism.