Ahmed S. El-Hefnawy

Semirigid Ureteroscopy for Ureteral Stones: A Multivariate Analysis of Unfavorable Results

PURPOSE We determined the factors predicting unfavorable results of semirigid ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the computerized files of 841 patients who underwent a total of 908 ureteroscopic procedures for ureteral stones from January 2003 through December 2006. A semirigid 6/7.5Fr ureteroscope was used in pediatric patients and an 8/10Fr or 8.5/11.5Fr ureteroscope was used in adults. Patients with favorable results were those who became stone-free after a single ureteroscopic procedure without any complications. They were compared with patients who had unfavorable results using univariate (chi-square and t tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests to identify risk factors for unfavorable results. RESULTS The study included 567 males and 274 females with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 2 to 81). The complication rate was 6.7% (61 procedures). The stone-free rate after a single ureteroscopic intervention was 87% (791 procedures). Favorable results were documented in 751 procedures (82.7%). Significant factors for unfavorable results were proximal ureteral stones, ureteroscopy done by surgeons other than experienced endourologists, stone impaction and stone width (relative risk 4, 2.5, 1.8 and 1.2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Semirigid ureteroscopy is a safe and highly effective treatment modality for ureteral stones.

Shock Wave Lithotripsy Versus Semirigid Ureteroscopy for Proximal Ureteral Calculi (<20 mm): A Comparative Matched-pair Study

OBJECTIVES To use a matched-pair analysis design to compare the safety and efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS). Controversy still exists regarding whether SWL or URS is the best management of upper ureteral calculi. METHODS We reviewed the records of patients with a single radiopaque upper ureteral stone treated by URS or SWL from January 2003 to December 2005. SWL was performed as an outpatient procedure using the electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier Lithotripter S). URS was performed using an 8F or 8.5F semirigid ureteroscope. Intracorporeal lithotripsy with pneumatic or holmium laser energy was used when needed. A matched-pair analysis was performed using 3 parameters (sex, stone size, and degree of hydronephrosis). The success rates, retreatment rates, auxiliary procedures, and complications were compared in each group. RESULTS A total of 427 patients were treated for upper ureteral stones. Forty-three matched pairs were identified and compared. The success rate was 83.7% for SWL vs 88.4% for URS (P = .8). The retreatment rate was significantly greater in the SWL group than in the URS group (65% vs 2.3%, respectively; P < .001). The need for auxiliary procedures was equal in both groups (16.3%). The complication rate was 14% in the URS group and 4.7% in the SWL group (P = .1). CONCLUSIONS SWL and semirigid URS are highly effective in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones <20 mm. The results of our study showed that SWL was safer and less invasive, but that URS was more effective and resulted in a lower retreatment rate.

Perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for managing post-traumatic urethral strictures in children: the long-term outcome

To evaluate the long‐term results of one‐stage perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for post‐traumatic paediatric urethral strictures.

Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in women: Impact on sexual function

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of radical cystectomy and different forms of urinary diversion on female sexual function. Material and methods. Seventy-three consecutive patients were included in the study. The mean age was 52.3 ± 6.5 years. All of them had undergone non-nerve-sparing radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer. Patients were questioned about their current general relations with their husbands in comparison to the preoperative status. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess libido, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and painful sexual dysfunction. Patients were asked about any urinary complaints during or after sexual intercourse. Results. Twenty-nine patients (39%) reported worsening relations with their husbands. The mean frequency of sexual relations was 2.3 ± 2.3/month; however, sexual relations had ceased completely in 19 patients (26%). Overall satisfaction among sexually active women worsened in 32 (59.2%) and was completely lost in eight patients (14.8%). Absent libido, difficult intromission, dyspareunia, lack of orgasm and sexually related urinary complaints were reported in 89%, 63%, 48%, 63% and 63% of patients, respectively. The mean FSFI score dropped significantly from 18.3 ± 5.1 to 11.3 ± 7.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). FSFI scores were significantly higher among patients with orthotopic versus non-orthotopic forms of diversion and also higher among patients with no stoma versus those with stomal forms of diversion. Conclusions. Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion have deleterious impacts on all domains of female sexual function. Female patients with orthotopic and non-stomal diversions had better sexual functions than those with stomal diversions.

Health-related quality of life after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction in women: impact of voiding and continence status.

To assess health‐related quality of life, and the impact of night‐time incontinence and chronic urinary retention on health‐related quality of life in women with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder.

Surgical management of adrenal cysts: single‐institution experience

To assess the safety and efficacy of different surgical procedures used for managing benign adrenal cysts.

Bilateral same-session ureteroscopy for treatment of ureteral calculi: critical analysis of risk factors.

Abstract Objective. To determine factors affecting the success of bilateral same-session ureteroscopy (BSU) in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Material and methods. From January 2003 to December 2008, BSU was carried out in 89 patients (178 renal units). A successful outcome was considered when both ureters were free of stones without intraoperative complications. Stone-free rate was evaluated with a kidney–ureter–bladder plain X-ray or non-contrast computed tomography. Factors interfering with successful completion of BSU were tested using univariate (chi-squared test and t test) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. Data on unilateral ureteroscopy for the treatment of multiple ureteral calculi carried out in 105 patients during the same period were compared with BSU. Results. Intraoperative complications were recorded in 11 procedures (6.2%) in the form of ureteral perforation in three and mucosal injury in eight. After BSU, 153 renal units were stone free (86%) as 17 had residual fragments, stones migrated to the kidney in six and failure was encountered in two. A successful outcome was observed in 62 patients (70%). Stone impaction, stones located in the proximal ureter and stone surface area were the significant risk factors for unsuccessful BSU (relative risks 3.6, 3.3 and 1.47, respectively). Compared with unilateral ureteroscopy, no difference were found with regard to complication rate (6.7%, p = 0.5) or stone-free rate (80%, p = 0.2). Conclusions. Bilateral same-session ureteroscopy is a safe and effective procedure in the management of bilateral ureteral stones. Proximal ureteral calculi, large and impacted stones carry the highest risk of unsuccessful results.

Transvesical open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in the era of minimally invasive surgery: Perioperative outcomes of a contemporary series

Abstract Objective: To assess the perioperative morbidity of transvesical open prostatectomy (OP) and its predictors as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to update knowledge about the morbidity of OP using a standardised morbidity scale (Clavien), thus providing a platform for comparison with the newly developed techniques. Patients and methods: We retrospectively review men with BPH who were treated with transvesical OP between April 2002 and December 2012. Preoperative patients’ data were reviewed for relevant variables. Operative details, the postoperative course, and 30-day relevant data were assessed. The study cohort was stratified based on the resected prostate weight, with group 1 having a resected weight of ⩽120 g and group 2 >120 g. Results: The review identified 163 patients. The mean (SD, range) duration of catheterisation after OP was 7.9 (2.2, 5–20) days and the duration of hospitalisation after OP was 8.1 (1.8, 5–15) days; both were significantly longer in group 2. All patients were able to void spontaneously by the first follow-up visit. Of 163 OP procedures, there were 106 perioperative complications in 69 (42.3%). Low-grade complications (grade ⩽2) included 38 (45.2%) and 53 (67%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.8). High-grade complications (⩾3) included 3 (3.5%) and 12 (15.1%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.02). The blood transfusion rate was 24.5%, the perioperative mortality rate was 1.2% and the re-admission rate within the first 30 days after OP was 1.2%. High-grade complications were significantly associated with a greater resected prostate weight (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.001–1.17, P = 0.046). Conclusion: The OP procedure is associated with a significant perioperative morbidity that correlated significantly with the resected prostate weight, especially for high-grade complications.

Impact of the degree of hydronephrosis on the efficacy of in situ extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for proximal ureteral calculi

Objective. We conducted a prospective randomized study to investigate the relation between the degree of stone-induced hydronephrosis and the outcome of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with lumbar ureter stones. Material and methods. A total of 284 patients with solitary lumbar ureter stones with or without hydronephrosis were treated with ESWL. The degree of hydronephrosis was determined by means of renal ultrasound. Patients were divided into four groups according to the degree of stone-induced hydronephrosis. The results were analyzed by comparing stone-free rates, the number of shock waves, the number of sessions, the incidence of complications, secondary interventions and time to stone clearance. Results. The mean stone size was 11.4±2.6 mm. In the hydronephrotic group, the stone-free rate was 80.3%, compared to 89.1% in patients without hydronephrosis (p=0.12). The mean time to stone clearance was 13.8±9.8 days. Differences among the four groups in terms of stone size and treatment outcome were not significant. However, the presence of hydronephrosis was highly associated with repeat treatment (2.4 vs 1.7 treatments; p<0.001) and prolonged clearance time (16.2 vs 11.6 days; p<0.001). Conclusions. In cases with solitary lumbar ureter stones, the degree of hydronephrosis caused by the stone does not affect the overall treatment success with ESWL. However, stones in obstructed systems are associated with a tendency for repeat treatment and a prolonged time for stone clearance.

Impact of posterior urethral valves on pediatric renal transplantation: A single-center comparative study of 297 cases

Kamal MM, El‐Hefnawy AS, Soliman S, Shokeir AA, Ghoneim MA. Impact of posterior urethral valves on pediatric renal transplantation: A single‐center comparative study of 297 cases. 
Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 482–487.