Shady A. Soliman

Semirigid Ureteroscopy for Ureteral Stones: A Multivariate Analysis of Unfavorable Results

PURPOSE We determined the factors predicting unfavorable results of semirigid ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the computerized files of 841 patients who underwent a total of 908 ureteroscopic procedures for ureteral stones from January 2003 through December 2006. A semirigid 6/7.5Fr ureteroscope was used in pediatric patients and an 8/10Fr or 8.5/11.5Fr ureteroscope was used in adults. Patients with favorable results were those who became stone-free after a single ureteroscopic procedure without any complications. They were compared with patients who had unfavorable results using univariate (chi-square and t tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests to identify risk factors for unfavorable results. RESULTS The study included 567 males and 274 females with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 2 to 81). The complication rate was 6.7% (61 procedures). The stone-free rate after a single ureteroscopic intervention was 87% (791 procedures). Favorable results were documented in 751 procedures (82.7%). Significant factors for unfavorable results were proximal ureteral stones, ureteroscopy done by surgeons other than experienced endourologists, stone impaction and stone width (relative risk 4, 2.5, 1.8 and 1.2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Semirigid ureteroscopy is a safe and highly effective treatment modality for ureteral stones.

Factors Affecting Stone-free Rate and Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Treatment of Staghorn Stone

OBJECTIVE To determine factors affecting the stone-free rate and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for treatment of staghorn stones. METHODS The computerized database of patients who underwent PNL for treatment of staghorn stones between January 2003 and January 2011 was reviewed. All perioperative complications were recorded and classified according to modified Clavien classification system. The stone-free rate was evaluated with low-dose noncontrast computed tomography (CT). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine factors affecting stone-free and complication rates. RESULTS The study included 241 patients (125 male and 116 female) with a mean age of 48.7 ±14.3 years. All patients underwent 251 PNL (10 patients had bilateral stones). The stone-free rate of PNL monotherapy was 56% (142 procedures). At 3 months, the stone-free rate increased to 73% (183 kidneys) after shock wave lithotripsy. Independent risk factors for residual stones were complete staghorn stone and presence of secondary calyceal stones (relative risks were 2.2 and 3.1, respectively). The complication rate was 27% (68 PNL). Independent risk factors for development of complications were performance of the procedure by urologists other than experienced endourologist and positive preoperative urine culture (relative risks were 2.2 and 2.1, respectively). CONCLUSION Factors affecting the incidence of residual stones after PNL are complete staghorn stones and the presence of secondary calyceal stones. Complications are significantly high if PNL is not performed by an experienced endourologist or if preoperative urine culture is positive.

Long-term Functional Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Solitary Kidney

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term functional outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for calculi in solitary kidneys and to determine factors leading to renal function deterioration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The computerized files of patients with solitary kidneys who underwent PNL between January 2002 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with follow-up <2 years were excluded. Complications, secondary procedures, and stone-free rates were recorded. Changes in the renal function were judged by comparing preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors that may affect renal function were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses to define risk factors for deterioration of renal function on long-term follow-up. RESULTS The study included 200 patients (133 men [66.5%] and 67 women [33.5%] with mean age 52.3 ± 11.7 years). Complications were reported in 34 patients (17%). Severe bleeding was noticed in 10 patients (5%). The overall stone-free rate was 89.5%. After a mean follow-up of 3 ± 1.4 years (range, 2-8), there was significant improvement of the estimated glomerular filtration rate from 57 to 64 mL/min (P <.001). Thirty-one patients (15.5%) showed deterioration of the renal function. Multiple punctures and postoperative bleeding were independent risk factors for renal function deterioration (odds ratio was 3.7 and 4.5, respectively). CONCLUSION PNL for calculi in solitary kidneys provided significant improvement in renal function at long-term follow-up. Multiple punctures and severe bleeding are independent risk factors for deterioration of the kidney function.

Impact of posterior urethral valves on pediatric renal transplantation: A single-center comparative study of 297 cases

Kamal MM, El‐Hefnawy AS, Soliman S, Shokeir AA, Ghoneim MA. Impact of posterior urethral valves on pediatric renal transplantation: A single‐center comparative study of 297 cases. 
Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 482–487.

Toward a Standardized System for Reporting Surgical Outcome of Pediatric and Adolescent Live Donor Renal Allotransplantation

PURPOSE There is a lack of a standardized reporting methodology for surgical complications of pediatric renal transplantation. We applied Martin criteria and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification in pediatric renal transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 447 patients 20 years or younger who underwent renal transplantation between March 1976 and January 2011. Martin criteria were fulfilled and complications were graded according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. For early complications grades I and II were considered low grade and III to V high grade. A similar grading system was adopted for late complications. RESULTS A total of 84 early complications (18.5%) occurred in 77 transplant recipients (17%). Of grade I complications 37 (8.1%) were asymptomatic lymphoceles. Grade II complications were observed in 2 patients (0.4%). Grade IIIa complications included aspiration of hematoma (1 case), percutaneous nephrostomy fixed for ureteral obstruction (3), percutaneous tube drain for symptomatic lymphoceles (7) and antegrade ureteral stenting for ureteral leakage (6). Grade IIIb complications included exploration for wound dehiscence (1 case), revision of ureterovesical anastomosis (8), marsupialization of lymphoceles (4), hemorrhage (3) and vascular thrombotic accidents (6). Graft nephrectomy (grade IVa) complications occurred in 2 transplant recipients. Among 4 mortalities (grade V) only 1 patient died due to surgical complications. On multivariate analysis delayed graft function was the only predicator of high grade surgical complications (p = 0.005). High grade surgical complications affected recipient but not graft survival. CONCLUSIONS Using a standardized, high quality reporting methodology is feasible in pediatric renal transplantation. However, consensus should be sought regarding medical complications and a grading system should be developed for reporting of late complications.

Diagnosis, treatment and need for hysterectomy in management of postcaesarean section vesicouterine fistula

Abstract Objective.The aims of this study were to report the diagnosis, treatment and functional consequences of postcaesarean section vesicouterine fistula (VUF), and to investigate the need for hysterectomy. Material and methods. The study included 22 cases with VUF after caesarean section (mean age 30.5 years) between 1999 and September 2012. Total urinary incontinence was found in seven women, occasional incontinence in 15 and cyclic haematuria in 17. VUF was diagnosed by ascending cystography in 14 patients and by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in six. Cystoscopy revealed VUF in all women. VUF repair was conducted by a transabdominal approach. The bladder was opened, the fistula was defined, a circumferential bladder incision was made around the fistula and the fistulous tract was excised. The uterine rent and bladder were closed with omentum interposition. Results.Mean follow-up was 2.8 years (range 0.5–7 years). The repair was successful in all women. Hysterectomy was needed in only one case with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and an enlarged uterus. The incontinence disappeared in all cases. The menstrual cycle became regular after a mean of 5 months in all women who retained their uterus. Five women became pregnant and had a successful delivery after 2–3 years. All women were able to have sexual intercourse after 2 weeks. Conclusions.Cystoscopy was the mainstay of diagnosis of VUF in the current study. Imaging was not able to show very small fistulae. Unless otherwise indicated, there is no need to remove the uterus even if the fistula is large. Although the repair is challenging, it was successful in all cases and pregnancy is possible after repair.

RECOVERABILITY OF RENAL FUNCTION AFTER RELIEF OF CHRONIC PARTIAL UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION: STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER (LOSARTAN)

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of angiotensin receptor blocker (losartan) on renal function during and after relief of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUO). METHODS A total of 32 male mongrel dogs were classified into 3 groups: sham (8), control (12; left PUO + no medications), and study (12; left PUO + losartan). Dogs of the study and control groups were subjected to 4 weeks of PUO. After that, they were reopened and subjected to Lich-Grigoir ureterovesical reimplantation and then were killed by the end of 32 weeks after relief of obstruction after being evaluated at basal condition; fourth week of obstruction; and at 4, 8, and 32 weeks after relief of obstruction by measurement of selective creatinine clearance (CCr), selective renographic clearance (RC), and renal resistive index. Sham group underwent sham surgery at 4 and 32 weeks and evaluated as the other 2 groups. RESULTS Sham surgery showed no significant effect on any of the evaluated parameters. Compared with the control, losartan saved reduction in CCr by 11% and RC by 20% of the basal value by the end of the fourth week of obstruction, respectively. Moreover, compared with the control, losartan enhanced regain of CCr by 26% and RC by 26% also of the basal value at 32 weeks after relief of fourth week obstruction, respectively. In addition, the increase in renal resistive index was significantly less in the losartan group. CONCLUSION Losartan decreases the deterioration of renal function in PUO and enhances recoverability of renal function after relief of obstruction.

Long-term outcome of grafts with multiple arteries in live-donor renal allotransplantation: Analysis of 2100 consecutive patients.

Abstract Purpose:To analyse the long-term outcome in relation to multiple graft arteries (MGA) in live-donor renal transplantation, and assess its effect on graft and patient survival. Patients and methods: Between March 1976 and November 2009, a total of 2100 live-donor renal transplants were carried out at our centre. Patients were stratified according to the number of graft arteries into two groups, i.e. MGA (two or more arteries; 237 patients) and single-graft artery (SGA; 1863 patients). Variables assessed included patient demographics, site of vascular anastomosis, ischaemia time, onset of diuresis, delayed graft function, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute rejection, vascular and urological complications. Moreover, long-term patient and graft survival were compared among both groups. Patients were followed up for a mean (SD) of 112 (63) months. Results: Grafts with MGA were associated with a prolonged ischaemia time (P = 0.001) and ATN (P =0.005). Vascular thrombosis (arterial and venous) had a higher incidence in MGA (2.5%) than SGA (0.6%) (P = 0.01). Both groups were not significantly different for the onset of diuresis, acute rejection and urological complications (P = 0.16, 0.23 and 0.85, respectively). Graft and patient survival were comparable in both groups. The mean (SD) 1-, 5-, 10- and 20-year graft survival rates (%) for MGA were 96.1 (1.26), 86.6 (2.39), 61.3 (4.42) and 33.8 (7.23), and 97.5 (0.36), 86.8 (0.84), 66.0 (1.35) and 37.3 (2.76) for SGA (P = 0.54). Conclusions: Although there was a higher incidence of prolonged ischaemia time, ATN and vascular thrombosis in live-donor renal transplants with MGA, it did not adversely affect patient or graft survival. The early, intermediate- and long-term follow-up showed an outcome comparable to that in patients with SGA.

Salvage of grafts with vascular thrombosis during live donor renal allotransplantation: a critical analysis of successful outcome.

To report a high‐volume institution experience with salvage techniques for vascular accidents during live donor renal allotransplantation.

Recoverability of renal functions after relief of partial ureteric obstruction of solitary kidney: impact of ferulic acid

Whats known on the subject? and What does the study add?