Ahmet Dağ

The effect of low-level laser therapy on the healing of hard palate mucosa and the oxidative stress status of rats

OBJECTIVE The biostimulation effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) have been demonstrated recently. This study investigated the effects of LLLT on palatal mucoperiosteal wound healing and oxidative stress status in rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. A standardized full-thickness wound was created in the mucoperiosteum of the hard palates of the rats using a 3-mm-diameter biopsy punch. Treatment using a GaAlAs laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and a dose of 10 J/cm(2) was initiated after surgery and repeated on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days post-surgery. Seven animals from each group were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after surgery. Total antioxidant status and total oxidative status were measured in serum. RESULTS The histopathological findings revealed reduced numbers of inflammatory cells on the 7th day, increased mitotic activity of fibroblasts on the 14th and 21st day, and the same degree of collagen synthesis and vascularization on the days 7, 14, and 21 in the LLLT group compared with the control group. No significant differences in total oxidative status and total antioxidant status were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION LLLT using a GaAlAs laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and a dose of 10 J/cm(2) elicited a positive healing effect on palatal mucoperiosteal wounds likely via the induction of fibroblasts. The oxidative stress status was not affected by LLLT.

The effects of low-level laser therapy on palatal mucoperiosteal wound healing and oxidative stress status in experimental diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE The biostimulation effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) have recently been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of LLLT on palatal mucoperiostal wound healing and oxidative stress status in experimental diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats that weighed 250-300 g were used in this study. Experimental diabetes was induced in all of the rats using streptozotocin. A standardized full thickness wound was made in the mucoperiosteum of the hard palates of the rats using a 3 mm biopsy punch. The rats were divided into groups: 1 (control group, non- irradiated), and 2 (experimental group, irradiated). Treatment using a GaAlAs laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and at dose of 10 J/cm(2) began after surgery, and was repeated on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days post-surgery. Seven animals from each group were killed on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after surgery. Biopsies were performed for the histological analysis and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. RESULTS The histopathological findings revealed reduced numbers of inflammatory cells, and increased mitotic activity of fibroblasts, collagen synthesis, and vascularization in rats in group 2. The total oxidative status was significantly decreased in the laser-treated group on the 21st day. CONCLUSIONS LLLT elicits a positive healing effect on palatal mucoperiostal wounds, and modulates the oxidative status in experimental diabetic rats.

Morphological Changes Caused by Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in the Healthy Gingiva of Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic and clinical studies have indicated that diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological changes of gingiva in streptozotocin diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS 30 male Wistar rats that weighed 250-300 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, one with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and another one with healthy (non-diabetic) animals. All rats were sacrificed after 21 days, and their maxillary first molars with surrounding tissues were observed morphological analyses. RESULTS In this study, it was observed that the epithelial thickness was greater in the diabetes group, compared to the control group. The statistical comparison of the diabetes and control groups for the thickness of each of the layers of the epithelium demonstrated that the thickness of the keratinized (corneum), granular and basal layers had significantly increased in the diabetic animals. Furthermore, the diabetes group displayed a decrease in the height of the connective tissue papillae, which was found to be statistically insignificant. Another important finding detected in the diabetes group was the congestion of the gingival capillaries, which showed that blood circulation is impaired in diabetes cases. CONCLUSION On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that streptozotocin-induced diabetes may increase predisposition to periodontal disease by causing morphological changes in the periodontal tissues.

Histological investigation of the impact of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes on the healthy gingivae of rats

This study was aimed at the histological investigation of the impact of experimental diabetes on the healthy gingiva of rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15) prior to the experiment. Group 1 experimental diabetes was created by streptozotocin injection in 15 rats. Group 2 comprised the control group (15 rats). On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, five animals from each group were euthanized by cardiac puncture. The gingiva of the maxillary left first molar tooth of the sacrificed animals was extracted for histological examination. Histological examination demonstrated that, when compared to the control group, the diabetes group displayed marked hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis of the gingival epithelium on day 21 post-induction. Furthermore, the diabetes group presented with an increased number of inflammatory cells and vasodilatation of the capillaries, in comparison to the controls. The overall evaluation of the findings obtained in this study suggested that diabetes alone could cause changes in the periodontium and affect periodontal health.

The Effects of Sialoadenectomy and Epidermal Growth Factor on Gingival Tissue in Rats: An Ultrastructural Study

ABSTRACT Submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) synthesize, accumulate and secrete a large amount of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in rats. EGF stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation by binding to its reseptors (EGFR). The aim of the present study was to mimic an endogenous epidermal growth factor deficiency through sialoadenectomy in paralel to exogenous EGF administration and to observe the ultrastructural changes in rat gingival tissue, employing electron microscopy. Thirty adult female Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into three groups: a control group (n:10), a sialoadenectomy group (n:10) and a sialoadenectomy group to which an EGF was administered (n:10). The experimental groups of rats were subjected to sialoadenectomy in order to create EGF deficiency. After 27 days both control and experimental rat groups were euthanized by pentobarbital and their gingival tissue was removed. Tissue samples from gingiva were processed for ultrastructural study. Electron microscopic evaluation indicated that while in the control group gingival tissues showed a normal appearance changes were observed in the experimental groups. We observed a partial degeneration of the epithelial cell junctions. Widespread crystolisis was also observed in a group of mitochondria. It is concluded that epidermal growth factor deficiency achieved by sialoadenectomy caused ultrastructural changes in gingival epithelium.

The Investigation of the Gingival Crevicular Fluid Prostaglandin E2 Level of the Pregnant Individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Peridontitis

ABSTRACT Systhemic diseases and hormonal changes are risk factors for periodontal diseases. In diabetes mellitus patients periodontal destruction is more severe than systhemic healthy patients. The increase of hormones during pregnancy causes more gingival inflammation and gestational gingivitis. In recent studies it was hypothesed that the increase of the level of progesteron in circulation stimulates the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which causes to gestational gingivitis. The aim of our study is to determine the level of PGE2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the pregnant individuals with type II diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. In addition it is aimed to investigate the probable correlations between GCF PGE2 level and the clical parameters and periodontal disease severity. A total of 40 pregnant individual in 24–32 weeks with periodontitis (20 pregnant individual with type II diabetes mellitus, 20 pregnat individual systhemically healthy) were examined. To determine all the individuals periodontal status pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) scores were recorded. The volume of the GCF was also measured from the sampling site in addition to the other measurements. GCF PGE2 level was determined by radioimmunoassy (RIA) method. The GCF PGE2 level was determined as 38.27±26.08 pg/ml in type II diabetic pregnant group and 39.13±23.19 pg/ml in systhemic healthy pregnant group. There was no important difference of GCF PGE2 level among the groups (p>0.05). When the probable correlations between clinical parameters and GCF PGE2 levels were investigated there was found no correlation in healthy pregnant group, but there was correlation determined in type II diabetic pregnant group. When the full mouth clinical parameters were compared there was important differnces determined in the case of GI and GBI among the groups (p<0.01), but there was no important differences determined in the case of PD and PI (p>0.05). This study results establishes that there is no difference between type II diabetes mellitus pregnant patients with peiodontitis and sythemic healthy pregnants with periodontitis in the cases of GCF PGE2 level and periodontal disease severity. Pays attention that GCF PGE2 level can be used as a marker for determining the periodontal disease severity among type II diabetes mellitus pregnant patients as sythemic healthy pregnants.

CREVICULAR FLUID LEVEL OF ELASTASE IN TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Elastase activity in pocket fluid samples was taken from 120 patients divided into 4 groups. The groups were identified as Type I DM (Diabetes mellitus) metabolic uncontrolled, Type I metabolic controlled, Type II metabolic uncontrolled, and Type II metabolic controlled groups. The samples were evaluated with spectrophotometry. In our study we found that, in addition to the clinical data, elastase enzyme activity level and elastase enzyme concentration were found to be significantly higher in metabolic uncontrolled diabetic groups than in metabolic controlled groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, we found a relationship between total elastase enzyme activity and enzyme concentration in all of the four groups. The findings of the study support the relationship between elastase activity and the periodontal disease. We may further draw inferences regarding the effects of metabolic control levels on the periodontal tissues in diabetics patients.

THE INVESTIGATION OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID PROSTHOGLANDIN E2 LEVEL OF THE TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for periodontal diseases and oral complications are frequently encountered in diabetic patients. In recent studies it was hypothesed that, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) prostoglandin E2 (PGE2) levels are higher in type I diabetic individuals than non diabetics. The aim of our study is to determine the GCF PGE2 levels of the individuals with type II dibetes mellitus and periodontitis. In addition it is aimed to investigate to correlation between the GCF PGE2 levels, the clinical parameters and the severity of the disease. 20 type II diabetes mellitus patient (group I), and 20 systhemic healthy (group II), a total of 40 individual with periodontiis were examined. All individuals pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) scores were recorded to determine their clinical status. In addition to these, the volume of GCF was also determined from the same sampling side. The GCF PGE2 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The GCF PGE2 levels of I. andII. groups were determined sequentally as 61.88±28.71 and 13.30±4.953pg/nm. The level of PGE2 level was determined significantly higher (p<0.001) in the group of diabetes mellitus patients than systhemic healthy group. Any correlation was not determined between the GCF PGE2 level and clinical parameters among both of the groups. By comparing all oral clinical parameters it was established that there was significiant differences between the groups (P<0.001). The PD and GCF amount of sampling site was also statistically different among the groups (p<0.05), but the difference of other parameter scores were not statistically important (p>0.05). The findings of this study confirms that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for periodontal diseases and the correlation between GCF PGE2 level and the severity of the periodontal disease. Attracts attention for the GCF PGE2 level which could be used as a marker to determine the perodontal disease severity among type II diabetes mellitus patients.