Ahmet Tolunay

Assessment of primary factors causing positive or negative local perceptions on protected areas

Abstract The protection of natural resources by strict rules at various legal statuses can generally cause damnification for the local people who are the users of this resource. In case the benefit loss that happens by reason of the prohibitions and limitations that are brought related to the usage of the resource is not corrected and local awareness is not created; negative local perceptions can come out pertinent to this resource and in connection with this, hostile attitudes arise related to the resource that is taken under protection. This case is a significant obstacle in front of being able to provide local participation for resource management. In this study the factors that negatively or positively affected the formation of the perceptions of the local people related to the protected areas are studied with the example of Kovada Lake National Park (KLNP). According to the findings of the study, while 25% of the local people have a positive perception on Kovada Lake National Park, the rest has a neg...

An Investigation on Forage Yield Capacity of Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera L.) and Grazing Planning of Mediterranean Maquis Scrublands for Traditional Goat Farming

This study investigated grazing capacities of maquis scrubland and preparation principles of grazing management in forest resources. Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.), which is widespread as a main shrub species in maquis vegetation in Turkey, and pure hair goats (Capra hircus L.) feeding on shoots and leaves of this shrub were selected for study. The study was conducted in two stages. Green leaf and shoot samples were taken from kermes oaks in the first stage and the amount of green herbage yield (g∗m−1) and dry matter yield (kg∗ha−1) that may be obtained per unit area from these samples was identified. The considered amount of dry matter consumed by pure hair goats daily and the number of goats being fed within 1 year on land of 1 ha according to different land coverage rates of kermes oaks (goat head∗ha∗yr) were calculated. In the second stage, grazing capacities of sample areas where kermes oak spread were identified and compared with the grazing plan prepared by the forestry administration for this area. Forage yield variance according to land coverage rates of maquis scrublands should be considered when determining optimum animal numbers for grazing per area for sustainable goat farming.

Resident perceptions of livelihood impacts arising from the Kızıldağ National Park, Turkey

In this study, perceptions, needs, expectations and participation levels in the park management of residents of the Kızıldağ National Park were investigated. It was focused on especially how residents’ livelihood was affected by establishment and management of Kızıldağ National Park. It was examined why residents do not support protection efforts. Research data were obtained with the help of a survey form prepared to determine the perceptions of residents living in the national park. For the analyses of obtained data, statistics package program (SPSS 20) was used and also independent-samples t test and one-way analyses of variance were applied. As a result, the most important negative effects were loss of income and changes in traditional lifestyle. The most affected group from these negative effects was the ones dealing with animal husbandry. For the sustainable management and protection of national park, sense of belonging should be brought to residents so as to increase participation, traditional lifestyle of residents should be conserved and new sources of income should be generated for residents. To improve the participation of residents in national park management, community engagement mechanisms can be used as a tool.

Türkiye’de orman sertifikasyonu uygulamalarının orman kaynakları yönetimine etkileri

Turkiye’de ormanlarin tamaminayakininin mulkiyeti devlete aittir ve Orman Genel Mudurlugu (OGM) tarafindanyonetilmektedir. OGM, 2011 yilindan baslayarak yonetimindeki ormanlarin birkismina Orman Yonetim Konseyi (Forest Stewardship Council, FSC) sertifikasi almaktadir. 2016yili itibari ile 29 orman isletme mudurlugu ve 1 isletme sefligi FSCsertifikasi almistir. Bu calismada, Turkiye’deki FSC sertifikali ormankaynaklarinin sertifikasyon sureci sonrasindaki mevcut durumu ve Turkiyeormanciligina katkilari incelenmistir. Arastirmanin birincil verileri ankettekniginden yararlanilarak, ikincil veriler ise bu konuda yapilan calismalar,kitaplar taranarak elde edilmistir. Anket teknigi ile elde edilen veriler,istatistik paket program (SPSS 20) vasitasiyla analiz edilmistir. Veriler,normal dagilim gostermedigi icin istatistiki analizler Ki-kare (Chi-square)testi ve Kruskal Wallis H testi kullanilarak yapilmistir. Bu calisma ile,Turkiye’deki orman yonetim sertifikasyonunun ormancilik uygulamalarinda;idarede seffaflik ve toplumu bilgilendirme, cevresel ve sosyal etkidegerlendirilmesi uygulamalari, is guvenligi ve isci sagligi ile cevrehassasiyeti ve uygulamalarin izlenmesine olumlu etkiler kazandirdigi tespitedilmistir. Ancak sertifika dolayisiyla uretim, talep, satis ve urun fiyati artisindaolumlu bir gelisme yaratmadigi gorulmustur. Sonuc olarak orman yonetimsertifikasyonunun Turkiye’deki ormancilik uygulamalarinda olumlu cevresel vesosyal katkilar yarattigi, ancak ekonomik olarak beklenen olumlu katkinin henuzsaglanamadigi ortaya cikmistir.

Ormancılıkla ilgili eylem planları ve bunların uygulamadaki etkinliğine ilişkin görüşlerin değerlendirilmesi

Turkiye’de ormanlarin tamamina yakininin mulkiyeti devlete ait olup, Orman Genel Mudurlugu (OGM) tarafindan yonetilmektedir. OGM, ilk olarak hazirladigi 2010-2014 yillarini kapsayan stratejik plan ile stratejik yonetim sistemine gecmistir. Ardindan 2011 yilinda OGM’nin yeniden yapilandirmasina istinaden degisen gorev ve sorumluluk tanimlari geregi, stratejik plani yenilenmis ve yine dort stratejik amaca yonelik 2013-2017 yillarini kapsayan stratejik plan uygulamaya konulmustur. Bunun yaninda, ayni plan donemlerinde uygulamaya gecirilen 27 adet eylem plani bulunmaktadir. Bu calismada, ormancilikla ilgili eylem planlari ve bunlarin uygulamadaki etkinligine iliskin goruslerin incelenmesi amaclanmaktadir. Arastirmanin birincil verileri anket tekniginden yararlanilarak, ikincil veriler ise bu konuda yapilan calismalar, kitaplar taranarak elde edilmistir. Anket formunda toplam 20 adet soru mevcut olup, ormancilikla ilgili eylem planlari ve bunlarin uygulamadaki etkinligini olcmeye yonelik hazirlanmistir. Anket teknigi ile elde edilen veriler istatistik paket program (SPSS 20) vasitasiyla analiz edilmistir. Verilerin normal dagilim gostermemesi sebebiyle parametrik olmayan testlerden Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanilarak veriler degerlendirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, eylem planlarinin kurum calisanlari tarafindan bilindigi ancak uygulamadaki etkinligini yeterli bulmadiklari tespit edilmistir. Arastirmaya katilanlarin cinsiyete, yas dagilimina ve egitim seviyelerine gore bazi maddeler uzerinde gorus farkliliklarinin bulundugu gozlemlenmistir.

Devlet orman fidanlıklarında fidan üretiminin kritik yol yöntemi (CPM) ile planlanması: Fethiye Orman Fidanlık Şefliği örneği

Devlet orman fidanlik isletmeleri (DOFI), ormanlarimizin surdurulebilir bir sekilde gelistirilmesine katki saglarken, mevcut kaynaklari en verimli sekilde kullanmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismada, Mugla Ilinde bulunan Fethiye Devlet Orman Fidanligi ornek saha olarak belirlenmistir. Calismada 1,000 adet ciplak koklu kizilcam (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidanlari uretimi Kritik Yol Yontemi (Critical Path Method, CPM) kullanilarak ne kadar surede uretilecegi hesaplanmistir. Sonuc olarak, calisma sahasinin mevcut sartlarina gore 1+0 yasli 1,000 adet kizilcam fidan uretiminin 387 gunde tamamlanacagi hesaplanmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Devlet Orman Fidanliklari, Fidan uretimi, Planlama, Kritik Yol Yontemi, Fethiye, Mugla

NEW INTENTIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKEY

There are several pre-accession instruments in rural development for new member countries in European Union (EU). In the past, The European Rural Development Fund (ERDF), The European Structural Fund (ESF) and The European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) were used for these purposes. Nowadays, The Poland and Hungary Assistance for Restructuring their Economies Programme (PHARE), The Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development (SAPARD), and The Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession (ISPA) are aimed at the financial support of projects related to the agricultural and rural development. PHARE, SAPARD and ISPA are important programs that financed by the European Union to assist the applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparations for joining the European Union. As a candidate country, pre-accession assistance is being provided to Turkey under a specific European Council Regulation. Currently, the pre-accession assistance programme is focusing its activities on two key areas: institution building and investment support. Keywords: European Union, Rural Development, Rural Development Policies, Turkey