Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar

General aspects of physalis cultivation

The Physalis peruviana L. is an exotic fruit that belongs to the Solanaceae family with recent production in Brazil. This is presented as an alternative production with nutritional potential and economic value. The cape gooseberry plant has a high added value that can be used from its root to the fruit itself. The roots and leaves are rich in medicinal properties that are used in pharmacology. The fruit is sweet and have good content of vitamins A, C, iron, phosphorus and fiber, often used in making jellies, jams, juices and ice creams. To improve the plant canopy, but also contribute to the quality and appearance of the fruit produced some cultural practices such as staking, training systems, pruning and thinning are used. The aim of this review is to provide technical and scientific data about the culture of physalis.

CRYOTHERAPY: A NEW TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN GRAPEVINE PLANTS FREE OF VIRUSES

Through in vitro tissue culture techniques it is possible to propagate high quality nursery plants faster. Cryotherapy is a promising tool, based on in vitro culture techniques, for achieving in a short time, high frequency of regenerating plants free of viruses. The objective of this review is to present and analyze the results of research conducted in cryotherapy methods based on cryopreservation protocols for recovery of cultivars free of micro-organisms with potential agronomic interest. The main methods employed in cryotherapy are encapsulation-dehydration, vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification and droplet vitrification, which are based on the immersion of preconditioned shoot tips in liquid nitrogen, followed by their recovery in vitro on to culture media for regeneration of healthy plantlets. Improvements to cryotherapy protocols used for grapevine are still needed, since there are variations in response according to the genotype. The published research mostly relates to Vitis vinifera and the few studies applied to other species show that the protocols need to be improved. This specificity goes beyond species, with different responses among cultivars, limiting the broader application of the technology. On the other hand, traditional methods used for virus removal from infected plant materials also have limitations and therefore investment in research for the development and application of cryopreservation techniques is highly justified, considering its efficiency and low-cost, once the protocols are developed. High frequency of virus-free plants among regenerants within a short time frame is the most desirable aspect of cryotherapy. Therefore, these advantages make the technique a promising tool for institutions mandated to the development of high-health planting materials with high genetic and agronomic potential for viticulture.

EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA DE DUAS SELEÇÕES E QUATRO CULTIVARES DE MORANGUEIRO CULTIVADO NO PLANALTO CATARINENSE

The objective of this study was to estimate the thermal accumulation and phyllochron of four cultivars and two selections of strawberry in theSouthern Brazil. The research was carried out in theexperimental field at the Centro de CienciasAgroveterinarias, in the University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC. It was used two advanced knowledge selection ofstrawberry, called ‘SEL1’ and ‘SEL2’, with plants from a public breeding program in Italy and four cultivars:Camino Real and Camarosa, with plants from Chile; San Andreas and Albion from Argentina. The transplantoccurred in 06-26-2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three repetitions, where theexperimental unit was composed of eight plants, using the four central plants. The phyllochron was estimated as the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the number of stem leaf and the thermal time after transplantation. It was observed linearity between plant development and the average air temperature in the conditions of the study. Among the selections and cultivars studied the San Andreas features the earliest cycle requiring less accumulation temperature (774.70 degree-day) and the cultivar Camarosa the latest cycle with greater accumulation of thermal sum (1137.75 degree-day). The selection SEL1 had the shortest phyllochron, 69.96 oC day1 leaf-1 and the cultivar Albion higher value, 135.61 oC day1 leaf-1. During the study period the cultivar San Andreas showed higher fruit production.

Aspectos gerais da cultura da physalis

The Physalis peruviana L. is an exotic fruit that belongs to the Solanaceae family with recent production in Brazil. This is presented as an alternative production with nutritional potential and economic value. The cape gooseberry plant has a high added value that can be used from its root to the fruit itself. The roots and leaves are rich in medicinal properties that are used in pharmacology. The fruit is sweet and have good content of vitamins A, C, iron, phosphorus and fiber, often used in making jellies, jams, juices and ice creams. To improve the plant canopy, but also contribute to the quality and appearance of the fruit produced some cultural practices such as staking, training systems, pruning and thinning are used. The aim of this review is to provide technical and scientific data about the culture of physalis.

Protocolo para micropropagação de marmeleiro BA29 em meio semissólido

Micropropagation is a technique widely known for its ability to produce large numbers of plants in a short period of time. It is essential for breeding programs and to establish micropropagation protocols for economically important species. The aim of this study was to establish a micropropagation protocol for quince BA29, aiming at mass production of plantlets. The explants of quince BA29 were cultured on MS and WPM media (original and 1/2) in combination with BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) for the in vitro multiplication and cultured in MS medium with sucrose (15 and 30 mg.L-1) combined with IBA (0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) for in vitro rooting. After 45 days, the culture media which provided the best results for growth and multiplication of BA29 explants was the MS original with 2.68 mg L-1 of BAP and the culture media which provided the best results for rooting of BA29 explants was MS with 15 g L-1 of sucrose and 1.25 mg L-1 of IBA.

Ferrugem em framboesa no estado de Santa Catarina

Folhas e frutos de framboesa (Rubus idaeus L.) da cultivar Batum coletados de plantas do pomar do Centro de Ciencias Agroveterinarias, CAV, municipio de Lages-SC, apresentando pustulas de ferrugem, foram encaminhados para analise no Laboratorio de Fitopatologia do CAV. A diagnose indireta indicou a presenca de pustulas com uma massa de esporos de cor amarela na face abaxial das folhas e superficie dos frutos. No exame ao microscopio, observou-se uredia e urediniosporos pequenos, obovados ou elipsoides, medindo 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm sobre a epiderme da folha e frutos, sem a presenca de telias. Suspensao de urediniosporos (50.000 esporos mL-1) em agua esterilizada foi pulverizada em folhas destacadas da mesma cultivar, mantidas por 24 h no escuro e 12 h de fotoperiodo em câmara umida a 20oC. Folhas-controle foram pulverizadas com agua esterilizada. Apos 10 dias detectaram-se uredias contendo urediniosporos na face abaxial das folhas, cujas caracteristicas morfologicas e mensuracao dos urediniosporos, sintomas e patogenicidade permitiram a identificacao do agente causal como sendo Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur pela primeira vez no Estado de Santa Catarina.RESUMO - Folhas e frutos de framboesa (Rubus idaeus L.) da cultivar Batum coletados de plantas do pomar do Centro de Ciencias Agroveterinarias, CAV, municipio de Lages-SC, apresentando pustulas de ferrugem, foram encaminhados para analise no Laboratorio de Fitopatologia do CAV. A diagnose indireta indicou a presenca de pustulas com uma massa de esporos de cor amarela na face abaxial das folhas e superficie dos frutos. No exame ao microscopio, observou-se uredia e urediniosporos pequenos, obovados ou elipsoides, medindo 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm sobre a epiderme da folha e frutos, sem a presenca de telias. Suspensao de urediniosporos (50.000 esporos mL -1 ) em agua esterilizada foi pulverizada em folhas destacadas da mesma cultivar, mantidas por 24 h no escuro e 12 h de fotoperiodo em câmara umida a 20oC. Folhas-controle foram pulverizadas com agua esterilizada. Apos 10 dias, detectaram-se uredias contendo urediniosporos na face abaxial das folhas, cujas caracteristicas morfologicas e mensuracao dos urediniosporos, sintomas e patogenicidade permitiram a identificacao do agente causal como sendo Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur pela primeira vez no Estado de Santa Catarina. Termos para Indexacao: diagnose, fungo, ocorrencia, Pucciniastrum americanum, Rubus idaeus.Leaves and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) of the cultivar Batum collected from the Agriculture and Life Science College - CAV orchard in Lages, SC, presenting rust pustules were analyzed in the CAV Plant Pathology Laboratory. Indirect diagnosis indicated in the abaxial side of the infected leaves and fruits surface pustules filled with masses of yellow spores. Under microscope exam, uredia and small, obovate or elliptical and averaged 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm urediniospores become evident in leaves and fruit surface. Telia were not observed. Urediniopores (50.000 esporos mL-1) were suspended in sterile water and sprayed onto same cultivar leaves that were maintained in a darkened mist chamber at 20oC for 24 h and transferred to a 20oC and 12 h light cycle chamber. Control leaves received sterile water only. After 10 days, sporulating uredia with urediniospores were produced on abaxial leaves and according to morphological characteristic of urediniopores, symptoms and pathogenicity, this is the first report of Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Productive and vegetative aspects of the imperial gala apple trees with EM-9 interstem in different lengths

Obtaining a compact orchard, with less vigorous plants and high production, constitutes a strong tendency in the current horticulture, aiming the raise of the productivity. One of the techniques for reducing vigor is the interstem. This study was developed in a commercial orchard of Randon Agro Silvo Pastoril S.A. (RASIP), located in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the vegetative and productive development of apple trees cv. Imperial Gala with different lengths of EM-9 interstem. The treatments consisted of five interstem lengths: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm. The following parameters were evaluated, in the seventh and eighth year of implantation: the sectional area of the Imperial Gala 5 cm above the second graft point; height of the plant; the tree-head size; fertility index; the number of fruits per plant; estimated productivity and productive efficiency. The use of interstem EM-9 of 30 cm in the rootstock Marubakaido is the most indicated for vigor control of Imperial Gala apple trees, provides greater productive efficiency and produces bigger fruits.

Efeito do ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) e benzilaminopurina (BAP) no aumento do ângulo de inserção dos ramos em macieira

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of the growth regulators NAA (naftalen acetic acid) and BAP (benzilaminopurin), in the increase of the angle of insertion of the branches in apple trees. The experiment was driven in a commercial orchard area of Lages/SC, where has been cultivated Imperial Gala and Fuji cultivars on rootstock Marubakaido, testing different doses of the regulators compared with the conventional bending. The regulators were applied with cotton aid, in the superior part of the branches in growth, in the insertion between the branch and the stem. The results evidenced that, even NAA tends to have a good effect in the bending of branches, in the doses of 200 to 500 ppm, the conventional practice to increase the angle of insertion of the branches, through the use of toothpicks, continues being the best bending method.

Época de desfolha e sua influência no desempenho vitícola da uva ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ em região de elevada altitude

The winegrape is characterized as a demanding species in cultural dealings and in order to reach optimal conditions at the time of harvest it is fundamental that the management techniques are adequate the characteristics of each region, being the leaf removal has been an important management of the vegetative canopy, which can improve the chemical composition of the bunches and increase the productive efficiency of the vine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaf removal effect on the agronomic performance and maturation ad the productive efficiency of the Sauvignon Blanc grape in high altitude regions of Santa Catarina. The experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 vintages, in a commercial vineyard, located in Sao Joaquim, Santa Catarina State (28°17’39”S; 49°55’56”W, altitude 1,230m a.s.l.). The leaf removal was carried out in cluster zone in the following phenological stages: full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, 15 days after veraison and control without leaf removal. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Scott-Knott test (5% probability). It was observed that the leaf removal carried before veraison increase the fertility index. The leaf removal carried out in the phenological pea-sized berries and veraison presented the highest yields in relation to the other phenological stages and plants not submitted to the management of leaf removal. In addition, the leaf removal improved the technological and phenolic maturation of the Sauvignon Blanc grape when it was carried out in the phenological stages buckshot berries and pea-sized berries in the two harvests evaluated. The results of this study evidenced the importance the leaf removal to obtain a must with potential for the elaboration of quality fine wines, especially when carried out between the phenological stages of buckshot berries and pea-sized berries. Therefore, the leaf removal of the Sauvignon Blanc grapevine in high altitude regions should be considered an indispensable management practice for the vitivinicultor.

Redução de vigor em pereiras europeias utilizando métodos físicos e químicos

The various failed attempts to produce pears in Brazil are driven by high consumption, which presents a growing scenario of imports to attend to the consumers demand. In 2015, 179 thousand tons of pears were imported, most from Argentina and Portugal. The limitation of pear cultivation has not been due to lack of market, but due to several factors, such as low fruit set, insufficient formation of production structures and excessive vegetative growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth and fruit set of European pear trees submitted to different growth control techniques. The experiment was conducted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 season in a commercial pear orchard located in Vacaria city, Rio Grande do Sul State, at 971 m altitude. Packham’s Triumph, William’s, Red Bartlett, Abate Fetel and Carrick, all grafted on Pyrus calleryana, were submitted to treatments of simple girdling, double girdling, single trunk cutting, double trunk cutting and application of the Trinexapac-ethyl plant growth regulator (1600 mg L-1). According to the results, it was possible to observe that there was a reduction of vegetative growth only in the Packham’s cultivar submitted to double girdling, single trunk cutting and Trinexapac-ethyl. The use of the trunk cutting and girdling technique increases the flowering return and also the productivity of ‘Abate Fetel’ and ‘Carrick’ pear trees, and the Trinexapac-ethyl decreases the return bloom of ‘Abate Fetel’ and ‘Carrick’ pear trees in the studied conditions.