Aiko Nakazawa

Sialyl-Tn, sialyl-Lewis Xi, CA 19-9, CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and tissue polypeptide antigen in differentiating ovarian cancer from benign tumors

Serum sialyl-Tn, sialyl-Lewis Xi, CA 19-9, CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tissue polypeptide antigen were measured in 65 women with early-stage ovarian cancer (45 stage I and 20 stage II cases) and 317 with benign pelvic masses. As a single assay, sialyl-Tn showed the best sensitivity and specificity, 46 and 92%, respectively. CA 19-9 detected the greatest number of cancer patients but had the lowest specificity. The combination of sialyl-Tn, CA 125, tissue polypeptide antigen, and CEA seemed to perform the best, with a sensitivity and specificity of 71 and 76%, respectively. The combination of sialyl-Tn, CA 125, and tissue polypeptide antigen gave similar results and may be more cost-effective. However, one-fifth of the patients with early-stage cancer still showed up as false negatives even with use of the six markers in combination. Approaches other than serum assay alone will be needed to detect all malignant pelvic masses at an early stage.

Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in sexual partners of patients having cervical cancer by polymerase chain reaction.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 in cytological samples from the uterine cervix and in urine samples from the male consorts. HPV 16 was detected in 2 (25%)of 8 males whose wives were positive for HPV 16, while it was detected in only one (7%) of 14 consorts whose wives were negative for HPV 16 and 18. This is the first report of the detection of HPV 16 in urine. Viral detection in urine samples by the PCR method is a non‐invasive, convenient and useful tool for large‐scale epidemiologic studies and investigations of the mechanism of virus transmission.

Detection of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in the exfoliated cervical cells using the polymerase chain reaction

We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV 16 and 18 in cytological samples obtained from the uterine cervices of Japanese women. HPV infection was detected in 17 (25%) of 67 with CIN and 11 (37%) of 30 with cervical carcinoma. It is notable that 11 (16%) of 69 women with normal cervices were infected with either HPV 16 or 18. The polymerase chain reaction is sensitive and useful for epidemiological studies.

Sialyl-Tn, sialyl-Lewis Xi, CA 19-9 CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen in differentiating ovarian cancer from benign tumors

Serum sialyl-Tn, sialyl-Lewis Xi, CA 19-9, CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tissue polypeptide antigen were measured in 65 women with early-stage ovarian cancer (45 stage I and 20 stage II cases) and 317 with benign pelvic masses. As a single assay, sialyl-Tn showed the best sensitivity and specificity, 46 and 92%, respectively. CA 19-9 detected the greatest number of cancer patients but had the lowest specificity. The combination of sialyl-Tn, CA 125, tissue polypeptide antigen, and CEA seemed to perform the best, with a sensitivity and specificity of 71 and 76%, respectively. The combination of sialyl-Tn, CA 125, and tissue polypeptide antigen gave similar results and may be more cost-effective. However, one-fifth of the patients with early-stage cancer still showed up as false negatives even with use of the six markers in combination. Approaches other than serum assay alone will be needed to detect all malignant pelvic masses at an early stage.

Detection of HPV infection in cervical exfoliated cells; comparison of the polymerase chain reaction, dot blot and cytodiagnostic methods.

子宮頸部におけるHuman Papillomavirus 16型, 18型の感染を子宮頸部擦過細胞から得たDNAを用いてPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 法により検出した.さらにHPV感染と組織診, 細胞診との関係を比較検討した.Dot blot法と比較してPCR法は検出感度に優れていた.PCR法にてHPV16型または18型を検出した症例数は, 正常69例中11例, 頸部コンジローマ3例中0例, CIN 67例中17例, 浸潤癌30例中11例であった.Koilocyte, binucleated cell, dyskeratocyteなどのHPV感染細胞所見を検討できた59例中, PCR法にてHPV 16型または18型が陽性となったのは19例, 陰性であったのは40例であった.HPV 16型または18型陽性の19例中, koilocyteは5例 (26%), binucleated cellは4例 (21%), dyskeratocyteは11例 (58%) で, HPV陰性例40例中では, それぞれ1例 (3%), 10例 (25%), 15例 (38%) に認めた.しかし, いずれの所見も特異的でなく, 細胞診のみではHPV感染を検出するのは困難であると思われた.また, 細胞診, 組織診にて正常の症例中, 約16%にHPV DNAを認め, これらの症例の今後のfollow upが重要であると思われた.