Aíla Marôpo Araújo

Transfusion of blood components in elderly patients: nursing care

Objective: to identify the priority nursing care for the elderly people during the transfusion process. Method: we have conducted consultations to documents of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and books on the issue at stake. The bibliographic survey took place between January and February 2013. Results: the performance of the nursing professional and of other members of its team, during the transfusion process in the elderly people, is didactically divided into three major phases: Pre-transfusion, Transfusion and Post-transfusion. The nursing professional performs a variety of specific procedures for each phase, in order to provide a safer transfusion. Conclusion: the clinical assessment of the elderly, by the nursing professional, when performing a good anamnesis and a suitable physical examination, avoids or minimizes the transfusion risks. Therefore, it is crucial that the nursing professional holds scientific knowledge to supervise and guide its team, informing users and their family members about the whole transfusion process, thus ensuring greater safety and a quality care to the elderly population. Descriptors: Nursing; Hemotherapic Service; Blood Transfusion; Elderly’s Health.

Nursing consultation for chronic renal failure prevention in a living group

Objective: to highlight the nursing consultation in the prevention of risk factors for the chronic renal failure (CRF) in hypertensive and diabetic people. Method: descriptive study with quantitave approach, performed in a Basic Health Unity in Natal/RN, which involved 23 adults and elderly people. The data was collected in June and July, 2011 during the nursing consultations through a semi structured form. The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research upon Human Beings at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, protocol no 229/2011 and CAAE no 00620051000-11. Results: the characterization data pointed women predominance (82,6%), aged 65 years old or more (60,9%), married (56,5%), with incomplete high school (87%), and one to three minimum wages as a family income (52,2%). Concerning the risk factors for kidney damage, 87% were hypertensive and 8,7% diabetic, both of them with CRF family history. From these people, 78,3% were sedentary people and 52,2% had inadequate eating habits. 23 nursing consultations were done, and the following actions were developed: blood pressure verification, physical examination, requirement of extra exams, investigation of risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney diseases, educational practices in health, among others. Conclusion: the nursing consultation was highly important for the identification of users with a higher exposition to risk factors for renal complications due to arterial hypertension and diabetes Mellitus. It provides the nurse professional with the development of actions of extension and education in individual and group health. Descriptors: primary prevention; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; renal insufficiency, chronic; nursing care.

Social inequality and deaths from breast and cervical cancer

ABSTRACT Objective : to analyse the association between determining the geographic occupation area and death from breast and cervical cancer in Natal / RN (Brazil). Method : descriptive and exploratory study in an ecological nature, based on cancer registry data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Natal/RN, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Municipal Planning and Strategic Management Secretariat (SEMPLA ) in Natal/RN, during the years of 2006 to 2010. Data analysis was performed by means of georeferencing and descriptive statistics based on the theoretical framework of Milton Santos. Results : data showed 402 deaths, 280 from breast cancer and 122 from cervical cancer, o f these cases 136 in the western region and 115 in the northern region which together account for 62.5%.These regions were classified with a lower Quality of Life Index (QLI), and data showed that the differences in spatial distribution of mortality from breast and cervical cancer are more concentrated in the regions with the lowest social indicators. Conclusion : it was possible to verify that the geographic occupation area in the city of Natal (Brazil), is a reflection of social conditions and the prevailing socio-economic model, that determines the method of death from breast and cervical cancer showing social inequalities. Descriptors : breast neoplasms; uterine cervical neoplasms; social inequity; mortality; geographic information systems. RESUMO Objetivo : analisar a associacao entre determinacao da ocupacao do espaco e morte por câncer de mama e de colo do utero em Natal/RN (Brasil). Metodo : estudo descritivo e exploratorio de cunho ecologico, a partir dos dados do Registro de câncer do setor de Vigilância Epidemiologica da Secretaria Municipal de Saude de Natal/RN, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) e Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento e Gestao Estrategica (SEMPLA) de Natal/RN, entre 2006 e 2010. A analise dos dados foi realizada por meio do georeferenciamento e da estatistica descritiva a luz do referencial teorico de Milton Santos . Para a analise das informacoes sociodemograficas utilizou-se o censo demografico do IBGE dos anos de 2000 e 2010. Os dados foram organizados em figuras. Este estudo seguiu as recomendacoes da Resolucao no 196/96 que trata de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Resultados : os dados apontaram 402 obitos, sendo 280 por câncer de mama e 122 por câncer cervical. Destes, 136 na regiao oeste e 115 na regiao norte que juntas respondem por 62,5%. Estas regioes foram classificadas com menor Indice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV), e os dados evidenciaram que as diferencas na distribuicao espacial da mortalidade por câncer de mama e de colo uterino estao mais concentradas nas regioes com menores indicadores sociais. Conclusao : foi possivel verificar que a ocupacao do espaco geografico da cidade de Natal, reflexo das condicoes sociais e do modelo socioeconomico predominante, determina o modo de morrer por câncer de mama e de colo do utero evidenciando as desigualdades sociais. Descritores : neoplasias da mama; neoplasias do colo do utero; iniquidade social; mortalidade; sistemas de informacao geografica. RESUMEN Objetivo : Analisis de la relacion entre la ocupacion de la determinacion del espacio geografico y la muerte por cancer de mama y el cancer de cuello uterino en Natal / RN (Brasil). Metodo : Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de los sistemas ecologicos, a partir de los datos del registro del cancer de la Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiologica de la Secretaria Municipal de Salud de Natal / RN, el Instituto Brasileno de Geografia y Estadistica (IBGE) y el de Planificacion y Gestion Estrategica Municipal (SEMPLA) en Natal / RN (Brasil), Entre los anos 2006 y 2010. El analisis de datos se realizo mediante la georeferenciacion y la estadistica descriptiva a la luz del marco teorico de Milton Santos . Resultados : los datos mostraron 402 muertes, 280 por cancer de mama y 122 cancer de cuello uterino. De estos, 136 en la region oeste y 115 en la region norte que en conjunto representan el 62,5%. Estas regiones fueron clasificadas con un menor Indice de Calidad deVida (ICV), y los datos mostraron que las diferencias en la distribucion espacial de la mortalidad por cancer de mama y de cuello estan mas concentradas en las regiones con indicadores sociales inferiores. Conclusion : fue posible verificar que la ocupacion del espacio geografica de Natal (Brasil), un reflejo de las condiciones sociales y el modelo socio economico imperante que determina el modo de morir por cancer de mama y cuello uterino que muestra las desigualdades. Descriptores : neoplasias de la mama; neoplasias del cuello uterino; inequidad social; mortalidad; sistemas de informacion geografica.