Ailing Ren

Characteristics of penicillin bacterial residue.

Implications: During the production of penicillin, a mass of waste bacterial residue is generated. In the past, the bacterial residues have been used for food additives. Unfortunately, doubts of their suitability as a feedstock have been raised because of the small amount of antibiotics and the degradation products remaining in the bacterial residues. So, penicillin bacterial residue is one of the hazardous wastes. Therefore, penicillin bacterial residue should be managed in accordance with the hazardous waste. To get a right method, the penicillin bacterial residue was characterized.

Removal of NOX Emitted from Nitric Acid Production with Biological Packing Tower

The nitric acid industry in the China is a major industrial source of NOx, an important contributor to the air pollution. This project aims at developing a technique for the removal of NOx by biological method. The use biological packing tower to remove NOx tail gas after alkali adsorption from nitric acid production was investigated by a field experiment. The biological packing tower, using slag as padding, in which inoculate sludge is the activated sludge from the aeration tank for wastewater treatment of the chemical fiber factory, after static and dynamic cultivating, and the forming of biological membrane, the denitrification bacteria can be observed by SEM. The study probed into the evaluation of bacteria immobilization methods, optimum operation parameters. The field experiment results shown that under the conditions of inlet gas NOx concentration 0.1 similar to 41.39%, a space velocity of 100hr-1, controlling 7.0 similar to 8.2 pH of circulating liquid and liquid/gas ratio of 1L/m3, obtained a reduction of NOx emission rate by 85%. Overall, the research showed new possibilities for using biological packing tower for the treatment NOx tail gas after chemical adsorption from nitric acid production.

The chemical and oxidation characteristics of semi-dry flue gas desulfurization ash from a steel factory

Some samples of semi-dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) ash were taken from sinter gas of a steel factory. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were employed to identify the samples in order to investigate their physical and chemical characteristics. The results show that semi-dry FGD ash from a steel factory is stable under atmospheric conditions. It has irregular shape, a smooth surface and loose construction. The size of FGD ash particles is around 0.5—25 µm, the average size is about 5 µm and the median diameter is 4.18 µm. Semi-dry FGD ash from a steel factory consists of CaSO3, CaSO4, CaCO3, some amorphous vitreous material and unburned carbon. An experimental method was found to study the oxidation characteristics of ash. A prediction model of the oxidation efficiency was obtained based on response surface methodology. The results show that not only the temperature, but also gas:solid ratio, play an important role in influencing the oxidation efficiency. The interactions of the gas:solid ratio with temperature play an essential role. An improved response surface model was obtained which can be helpful to describe the degree of oxidation efficiency of semi-dry FGD ash.

The Preparation of Eco-cementing Materials in Utilization of Semidry Desulphurization Ash with Steel Slag and Mineral Materials

The aim of this work was to research the preparation of eco-cementing material in utilization of high-volume steel slag and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) adding with appropriate amount of semidry flue gas desulphurization (SFGD) ash. The two factors ,specific surface area and SFGD ash content, which influence the mechanical properties of cement were also deeply discussed. The results show that when specific surface area of raw materials was more than 446.9 m2/kg, it’s mechanical properties would not increase obviously. The SFGD ash content should not be more than 19%. By orthogonal test and follow-up experiments to optimize the optimal ratio: ratio of steel slag and GBFS = 1:4, content of cement clinker = 20%, content of desulfurization ash = 19%. The intensity value of prepared cementitious material was able to the portland cement standard with steel slag (GB13590-2006, in China).

Source Identification of Inhalable Particles in Fog and Haze

In recent years, it draws peoples attention to the high frequency of fog and haze. Shijiazhuang is a city where fog and haze have high frequency. This article takes the inhalant particles of fog and haze in the urban district in Shijiazhuang as the main research target, according to the data of the analyzed chemical elements in particles of fog and haze, four main sources of inhalant particles are identified by adopting two kinds of methods of source identification, Enrichment factors(EF) and Factor Analysis(FA). The EF results showed that in Shijiazhuang, the elements which EF > 10 are mostly Zn, Pb, especially EF of Pb is close to 500, and Enrichment values of Al, K, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb of the inhalant particles in fog-haze weather are more than in the normal days, especially K, Zn and Pb are more remarkable. The PM10 FA results indicate that K element and Al element of the inhalant particles in fog-haze weather are more than in the normal days. Winter has more than other seasons, and the main sources and contribution rates in fog- haze weather are coal and refuse combustion source 33.65%, soil source and cement/limestone source 33.18%, traffic source 17.486%, and steel source 11.02%, respectively. The main sources of inhalant particles of fog-haze in Shijiazhuang are the coal and refuse combustion dust and soil and cement/limestone construction dust.

Purification of Waste Air Containing Phenol Vapors in Biotrickling Filter

Biotrickling filter is a kind of effective equipment used for purifying waste gases, its performance is affected by many factors. This research aimed at investigating the biodegradation of phenol contaminated-air streams in biotrickling filter. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, empty bed contact time(EBCT), initial phenol concentration and micro-organisms for de-phenol were investigated.Upon rapid start up operation, inlet phenol concentrations of up to 570mg/m3 did not significantly affect the performance of the biotrickling filter at EBCT of 65s, so that removal efficiency was well greater than 98%.In addition, the EBCT as low as 33s did not have detrimental effects on the efficiency of the bioreactor and phenol removal was greater than 98%. Decreasing the EBCT to 13s reduced the removal efficiency to around 90%. Microbiology tends to sepration and express as bamboo -like, fusiform and many other forms. Filamentous micelle belong to jersey algae, is a kind of highly efficient degradation of phenol bacteria.

Studies on Characteristics of Mycelium from Biopharmaceutical Industry

Abstract-Mycelium is a kind of residue which is filtrated and extracted from the microbial fermentation process in the pharmaceutical industry. Some samples of mycelium were taken from North China Pharmaceutical Factory. In order to investigate their physical and chemical characteristics, with the gravimetric method, atomic absorption, K2SiF6 volumetric method, EDTA volumetric method, copper titration method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) analyses ，elementary analytical instrument(Vario EL CUBE) were employed to identify varied substance and elements in the samples .The results show that the moisture content is 69.43% -81.53% , the content of volatile substance is 90.75- 91.86%, and the ash content is 8.14-9.05% in mycelium. The contents of six kinds of heavy metal (Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Zn, As, Ni) in Penicillin mycelium are lower than the standard in China (GB4284-84). The mycelium is equipped with the characteristic of high carbon (44.08% & 41.36%) and oxygen (32.84% &33.98%). The total inorganic matter content such as SiO2, MgO, Fe2O3, CaO and Al2O3 in the sample is less than 15%. As for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mycelium, the total content of fluoranthene and pyrenyl are higher than 100ug/kg in Penicillin mycelium. The total contents of flouoraanthene and acenaphthene in Oxytetracycline mycelium are higher than 100ug/kg. Benzo [a] anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo [a], fluoranthene and benzo [k] and dibenzanthracene [a] belong to the catorgory of carcinogenic material. Benzo[a]pyrene is a class of important pollutants with direct mutagenicity in mycelium. The contents are lower than 0.1% under the content of poisonous substance specified in Identification standards of Hazardous solid waste (GB 5085.6-2007)

Photodegradation of Gaseous Flowing Low-Concentration Toluene by TiO2 Loaded on Activated Carbon Fibers Felt

Degussa P25 TiO2 loaded on activated carbon fibers (TiO2/ACFs) was prepared by using the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the adhesive. The surface morphology and microstructure of TiO2/ACFs photocatalyst were characterized by SEM, EDS, BET and XRD. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2/ACFs to flowing low concentration gaseous toluene (1-3mg/m 3 ) were investigated. It was observed that TiO2 loaded on ACFs was in the form of small clusters. From EDS spectrum, the main elements of TiO2/ACFs were C, O and Ti and a small quantities of Na, P and Cl. Compared with original ACFs, the surface area and pore volume of TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, while the average size remained unchanged. With the XRD patterns, the characteristic peaks of anatase phase were more obvious, however rutile phase were partly covered by the ACFs carrier peaks. Compared without UV irradiation, the degradation rate of toluene by TiO2/ACFs with UV irradiation remarkably increased. When the amount of the added CMC was 0.25%, the degradation rate of toluene was the highest and could maintain a longer time in a stable degradation rate. The results were well consistent with the characterizations above.

Semidry Flue Gas Desulphurization Ash as Set Retarders in Portand Cement

The present study is focused on clarifying the influence of semidry flue gas desulfurization (SFGD) ash in replacing natural gypsum (NG) in the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Clinker, 3 wt% of Slag and 6-12 wt% of modified SFGD ash were ground in a laboratory ball mill to produce cement. The properties of SFGD ash were investigated via chemical composition analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The mechanical properties of cement were tested in terms of the initial and final setting time, soundness, flexural strength and compressive strength of different hydration ages. The XRD results of SFGD ash revealed the ash mainly contains CaSO3, CaSO4, CaCO3, Corundum and mullite. And the micrographs and structure of the hydration products formed in cement were investigated by SEM and XRD. The results indicated that modified SFGD ash can retard the setting time of cement. And the setting time, soundness, compressive strength and bending strength of cement have been up to national standards (GB175-2007, China).

Leaching Characteristics of Semidry Flue Gas Desulfurization Products

Leaching of six elements–namely, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and F from two semidry flue gas desulfurization ash samples and one waste gypsum sample collected from two different iron and steel plants and one power plant in Hebei, has been reported. Various extracting agents were used to conduct leaching experiments for desulfurization ashes. The dissolution of trace elements contained in the ashes were determined in order to estimate the possible impacts of the materials for stacking, back-filling or road-paving on the under-ground water and the environment and to assess the possibility of contamination of the sites by release of these ions. The alkalinity greatly determines the ion concentration in leaching liquids. It appears that the risk pollution of ground water as well as of surface water may not be avoidable if the ash alone is used for stacking et al. Nevertheless heavy metal contents of three samples in the leaching solution are far below the specified value regulated in ¿Identification standards for hazardous waste - Identification for extraction toxicity¿(GB5085.3-2007, in China).