Ajai Gupta

Design of an Optimal Hybrid Energy System Model for Remote Rural Area Power Generation

This paper deals with the design of a hybrid energy system consisting of wind, photovoltaic, biomass and small/micro hydro to supply continuous power to the load. A diesel generator is added to ensure continuous power supply and to take care of intermittent nature of wind and photovoltaic. The paper reports the results of optimization of hybrid energy system model of a remote area of Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India. The model has been developed with the objective of minimizing cost function based on demand and potential constraints and optimized using computer programme developed in C++. The economic analysis has resulted in the calculation of capital cost, cost of energy for different types of resources and optimized cost of hybrid energy system. To consider the fluctuation in the discharge and power generation from SHP, the EPDF has been varied from 1.0 to 0.0. The EPDF is Electric Power Delivery Factor (also called optimizing power factor) has maximum value equal tol.

Modelling of Hybrid Energy System for Off Grid Electrification of Clusters of Villages

Hybrid energy systems are increasingly being applied in areas where grid extension is considered uneconomical. Their costs can be minimized through proper equipment sizing and load matching. This paper reports the results of optimization of hybrid energy system model for remote area in India. For this purpose, the Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India has been selected as remote area. The model is developed with the objective of minimizing cost function based on demand and potential constraints. The model has been optimized using LINDO software 6.10 version. From the economic analysis, the capital cost, cost of energy for different types of resources, optimized cost of hybrid energy system are determined. In order to consider the fluctuation in the discharge and power generation from SHP, the EPDF has been varied from 1.0 to 0.0. The EPDF is electric power delivery factor and also called optimizing power factor and is maximum equal to 1.

Hybrid energy system sizing incorporating battery storage: An analysis via simulation calculation

In practical decentralized hybrid energy systems, there are often different renewable/conventional generators and battery storage. An over sizing of the system components significantly elevates the overall cost of the hybrid energy system. In this context the correct and cost effective system sizing as well as efficient system operation is important. In order to determine the optimal sizing of system components, a mixed integer linear mathematical programming model (time-series) has been developed, based on the evaluation of optimized system unit cost for a hybrid energy generation system consisting of small/micro hydro, biogas, biomass, photovoltaic array, a battery bank and a fossil fuel generator. An optimum control algorithm written in C++, based on combined dispatch strategy, allowing easy handling of the models and data of energy system components is presented. The sizing result of the components is based on a trade-off between the optimized cost of the system and other techno-economics parameters, as determined by the algorithm in conjunction with a time-series model. To demonstrate the use of model and algorithm, an application example is also presented.

Hybrid Energy System for Remote Area - An Action Plan for Cost Effective Power Generation

Hybrid energy systems (HES), which utilize different renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, small/micro hydro, with fossil fuel powered diesel/petrol generator to provide electric power, are well suited for remote rural areas. This paper presents a general methodological framework for the formulation of an action plan for the small-scale hybrid energy system for remote area. The action plan is the output of a six stage procedure: (a) Selecting cluster of villages, (b) Demand assessment, (c) Resource assessment, (d) Estimation of unit cost of different resources, (e) Sizing and optimization, and (f) Model formulation. The action plan is formed on the basis of cost effective modelling for remote rural area that is minimization of energy production cost. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the action plan.

Computerized modelling of hybrid energy system— Part II: Combined dispatch strategies and solution algorithm

Computer simulation is an increasingly popular tool for determining the most suitable hybrid energy system type, design and control for an isolated community or a cluster of villages. This paper presents the development of the optimum control algorithm based on combined dispatch strategies, to achieve the optimal cost of battery incorporated hybrid energy system for electricity generation, during a period of time by solving the mathematical model, which was developed in Part I. The main purpose of the control system proposed here is to reduce, as much as possible, the participation of the diesel generator in the electricity generation process, taking the maximum advantage of the renewable sources available. The overall load dispatch scenario is controlled by the availability of renewable power, total system load demand, diesel generator operational constraints and the proper management of the battery bank. The incorporation of a battery bank makes the control operation more practical and relatively easier.

Computerized modelling of hybrid energy system— Part I: Problem formulation and model development

A well designed hybrid energy system can be cost effective, has a high reliability and can improve the quality of life in remote rural areas. The economic constraints can be met, if these systems are fundamentally well designed, use appropriate technology and make use effective dispatch control techniques. The first part of this tri-series paper, presents the analysis and design of a mixed integer linear mathematical programming model (time series) to determine the optimal operation and cost optimization for a hybrid energy generation system consisting of a photovoltaic array, biomass, biogas, small/micro hydro, a battery bank and a fossil fuel generator. The optimization is aimed at minimizing the cost function based on demand and potential constraints. Further, mathematical models of all other components of hybrid energy system are also developed. This is the generation mix of the remote rural area of India; it may be applied to other rural areas also.

Steady-state modelling of Hybrid Energy System

In order to evaluate the techno-economic performance of Hybrid Energy System for remote rural area electrification, a mixed integer linear mathematical programming model (time-series) has been developed to determine the optimal operation, optimal configuration including the assessment of the economic penetration levels of photovoltaic array area, and cost optimization for a hybrid energy generation system consisting of small/micro hydro, biogas, biomass (fuelwood), photovoltaic array, a battery bank and a fossil fuel generator. An optimum control algorithm written in C++, based on combined dispatch strategy, allowing easy handling of the models and data of hybrid energy system components is presented. A special feature of the proposed model is that a cost constant (cost/unit) for each of the proposed resource is introduced in the cost objective function in such a way that resources with lesser unit cost share the greater of the total energy demand in an attempt to optimize the objective function. To demonstrate the use of model and algorithm, a case study for a rural remote area is also presented.

Economic Aspects of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Remote Area

Hybrid energy systems are increasingly being applied in areas where grid extension is considered uneconomical. Their costs can be minimized through proper equipment sizing and load matching. This paper reports an investigation on the economic aspects of a typical hybrid energy system for remote area in India. For this purpose, the Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India has been selected as remote area. The model is developed with the objective of minimizing cost function based on demand and potential constraints. The model has been optimized using LINDO software 6.10 version. From the economic analysis, the capital cost, cost of energy for different types of resources, optimized cost of hybrid energy system are determined. The variation of the optimized cost of energy with increase in the load to be satisfied by hybrid system has also been reported.

Optimised application of hybrid renewable energy system in rural electrification

Hybrid energy systems are increasingly being applied in areas where grid extension is considered uneconomical. Their costs can be minimized through proper equipment sizing and load matching. This paper reports an investigation on the economic aspects of a typical hybrid energy system for remote area in India. For this purpose, the Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India has been selected as remote area. The model is developed with the objective of minimizing cost function based on demand and potential constraints. The model has been optimized using LINDO software 6.10 version. From the economic analysis, the capital cost, cost of energy for different types of resources, optimized cost of hybrid energy system are determined.

Computerized modelling of hybrid energy system— Part III: Case study with simulation results

This paper presents the results of the application of model (developed in Part-I) and simulation algorithm (developed in Part-II) for determining the techno-economics of battery storage type hybrid energy system intended to supply the load demand of a rural remote area having a cluster of nine villages (grid isolated). The hour-by-hour simulation model is intended to simulate a typical one month period of system operation. For simulation purpose, hourly solar insolation data and load demand data have been generated and used as an input data. The economic analysis has resulted in the calculation of optimized hourly, daily, and monthly system unit cost of proposed hybrid energy system. The obtained results represent also a helpful reference for energy planners in Uttarakhand state and justify the consideration of hybrid energy systems more seriously.