Akash Kumar Bhoi

Real time acquisition and analysis of PCG and PPG signals

Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Phonocardiography (PCG) are two important non-invasive techniques for monitoring physiological parameters of cardiovascular diagnostics. The PCG signal discloses information about cardiac function through vibrations caused by the working heart. PPG measures relative blood volume changes in the blood vessels close to the skin. This paper emphasizes on simultaneous acquisition of PCG and PPG signals from the same subject with the aid of NIELVIS II+ DAQ and the signals are imported to MATLAB for further processing. Heart rate is extracted from both the signals which are found to be distinctive. This analytical approach of processing these signals can abet for analysis of Heart rate variability (HRV) which is widely used for quantifying neural cardiac control and low variability is particularly predictive of death in patients after myocardial infarction.

A comparative analysis of neuropathic and healthy EMG signal using PSD

The presented approach is conceptually useful in illustrating the alteration in motor units (MUs) for neuromuscular disorders and discussed on the properties of PDS & PSD of EMG signals. The proposed power spectral density method comparatively analyzed the healthy & neuropathy signals with Welchs PSD estimation method by Hamming & Kaiser Window. The distributions of power over frequency components for both the signals are significantly compared. This analysis is intended to provide an automatic diagnosis of an individuals muscle condition.

TBC algorithm to detect r-peak and HRV analysis for ischemia heart disease

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is the ability to assess overall cardiac health and the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), responsible for regulating cardiac activity. ST-change due to ischemia and their HRV analysis have not been well discussed in the previous works. The proposed simple and time efficient TBC algorithm has been tested in four sets of standard databases with selected patients data having ischemi conditions (i.e.MIT-BIH Normal-Sinus Rhythm Database (NSRDB), European ST-T Database (EDB), MIT-BIH ST Change Database (STDB) & Long-Term ST Database (LTSTDB))for the detection of R-peak & HRV analysis. The pre-processing is done by MAF and DWT to remove the baseline drift and noise induced in the ECG signal. The mean/average of HR is calculated for each set of databases and in case of EDB it is of 57 BPM (subjected to bradycardia). The Probability with normal distribution is analyzed by comparing the NSRDB data with the ischemic data sets. The performance of this algorithm is found to be 98.5%.

T Wave Analysis: Potential Marker of Arrhythmia and Ischemia Detection-A Review

T wave is the end potential waveform or segment of cardiac cycle. It is basically originated by the different layers of ventricular myocardium and their differences in repolarization time. This study analyzes the conventional techniques and automatic popular methods associated with T Wave Alternans (TWA) and their approaches towards ischemic and arrhythmic interventions. This review work is divided into two major parts i.e. (i) Analysis of T wave: association of T wave with ischemia and arrhythmia (ii) T wave detection techniques. This analytical literature survey also leads to the conclusion, where the importance of T wave analysis significantly inculcates ideological researcher and clinical mindset for approaching critical cardiac diseases in multimodal approaches.

An Analytical Review of Different Approaches for Detection and Analysis of Electrocardiographic ST Segment

ST segment analysis is significantly a critical non-invasive pointer to identify ischemic unsettling influences. It has been considered from the start of the electrocardiography on the ground that critical cardiovascular conditions are one of the fundamental drivers of death on the planet and ischemic aggravations are a standout amongst the most vital heart conditions. Most basic Sudden Cardiac Deaths (SCDs) are triggered by Coronary heart disease (CHD). This study is for promising investigation for ST segment discovery and determination of Coronary heart disease. Different presented techniques and algorithms are concisely discussed on ST segment detection and analysis of this segment for possible identification of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Design and Development of Buck-Boost Regulator for DC Motor Used in Electric Vehicle for the Application of Renewable Energy

This paper presents design and development of buck-boost regulator for DC motor used in electric vehicle for the application of renewable energy. The proposed work is used to study electric vehicle with DC motor energized from buck-boost regulator Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Solutions by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS [1], with energy generated by renewable source. Present work depicts six-phase generator to generate the power from wind fans, and six-phase converter (rectifier) is used to convert AC to DC. The DC is again amplified or regulated by using buck-boost regulator.

Solution of Economic Load Dispatch Problems Through Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm

This paper presents a significantly efficient nature-motivated moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm to solve the convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problems of the power system. The ELD focuses on the effective scheduling of the power-generating units so as to fulfil the total load demand and to satisfy the various constraints of the generating units as well as power network limitations. The aim of the proposed work is to reduce the quadratic cost function of the generating unit and hence obtain the minimum cost of generation so as to maintain the economy of the generation plant. The obtained better positions of moths around the flames describe about the best solutions obtained as so far for the proposed work of the ELD problems. This paper performs test on convex cost function of 18 unit system so as to validate the efficiency, reliability and robustness of the proposed methodology.

Design and Implementation of Two Level and Multilevel Inverter

This paper deals with the comparative study of two-level inverter and three level inverter (Multilevel Converter) topologies. The multilevel term defines more than two level whose performance is better than the two-level inverter because of lesser harmonics, electromagnetic interference and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, three levels Diode Clamped Multilevel inverter with PWM technique is recommended to improve the performance of inverter. This topology requires fewer apparatuses and therefore the cost and complexity is lesser as compared to other topologies of multilevel inverter.

Critical Evaluation of Offline MPPT Techniques of Solar PV for Stand-Alone Applications

This paper critically presents the analysis of the performance of offline maximum power point tracking techniques such as voltage- and current-based MPP technique, look-up table method, and curve fitting-based MPP technique. Based on the analysis presented in the paper, authors have selected offline voltage-based MPPT technique for using in their modeling and simulation study for stand-alone applications. An offline voltage-based MPPT technique which is capable of tracking MPP has been selected because of numerous advantages it offers such as simple and low cost of implementation. The modeling has been done in MATLAB®/SIMULINK simulation environment, and MPPT technique is developed and implemented by taking a variable resistance as a load. To remove the limitation of the momentarily interruption in power delivery to the load due to measurement of the open circuit voltage (V oc), a pilot PV panel of same rating to that of main PV panel is used in the paper to calculate V oc. It resulted in an increase in efficiency as more energy can be delivered to the load as the main panel is never disconnected to calculate V oc. The simulation results are presented and discussed in the paper, and the results shows that the MPP is tracked under changing atmospheric conditions such as variation in temperature and insolation. The study presented in the paper will help the researchers/engineers/professionals in the industry to implement the MPP technology at large scale thus making India a self-reliant country on tapping solar energy resources.

Evaluation of Harmonics and THD in Five-Phase Inverter Constructed with High-Pass Filter by MATLAB Simulation

This chapter proposes and evaluates the feasible method to minimize the harmonic and its distortion. Many modern power systems incorporate different techniques to eradicate the harmonics, and filters are widespread methods used all over the world. Multi/polyphase power systems are trending because of improved performance of the system by their inherent advantages over traditional single and three-phase techniques [1]. The five-phase inverter is designed and studied with low-pass LC filter to evaluate and eradicate the behavior of harmonics in the five-phase inverter. Harmonics and THD comparison of the five-phase normal configuration with high-pass filter configuration are analyzed practically, and the results are presented in this chapter.