Karma Sonam Sherpa

Design of an Expert System for Distribution Planning System using Soft Computing Techniques

An expert system for distribution planning is proposed in this paper. Choosing a best location of a distribution substation and grouping the various load points to be fed from a particular distribution substation has always been a concern to the distribution planners. Here in this paper the authors present a hybridization of K-means clustering method with fuzzy context aware decision algorithm for choosing the optimum location of distribution substation and its feeder layout. K means clustering has been applied to various loads which are at different location to form a cluster with load points in closer proximity so that a substation could be placed for each cluster for the distribution of power. Fuzzy Context Aware Decision Algorithm based on the Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) is then applied on each cluster to decide on the feeder layout connecting the load points in each cluster. The feeder layout is based on the various reliability factors and thus the result obtained will lead to optimum feeder path and will hence lower long range distribution expenses.

Chaotic modulation-based spread spectrum communication using complex dynamics of chaotic DC–DC current mode controlled boost converter

Ample amount of research has been done for analysing nonlinear phenomenon in power electronics converters. Application of chaotic power electronics converters in spread spectrum communication in recent times is catching interest. This paper proposes a methodology for using chaotic current mode-controlled DC (Direct Current)–DC (Direct Current) boost converter in spread spectrum communication. A noncoherent receiver is developed. For this, an Adaline-based adaptive filter is designed to recover the message from spread spectrum signal at the receiver end. The proposed Adaline-based receiver is tested by transmitting various types of message signals while considering white noise at different signal-to-noise ratio. For designing noncoherent receiver-based chaotic communication, use of power electronics converters is expected to play a vital role in the future. Copyright

Design of a robust receiver for chaotic switching maps of DC-DC power electronics transmitter converters for secure communication

This paper aims to open a new vista of research in the direction of possible application of power electronics DC-DC converters in analog chaotic communication. Most of the work reported on analog chaotic communication is based on the pioneer work of Pecora and Caroll, with synchronization between transmitter and receiver. Receiver based on synchronization, also known as coherent receiver, has a disadvantage of parameter mismatch and is sensitive to noise. In the present work, firstly, a secure transmitter using chaotic DC-DC converters is proposed that encrypts information using chaotic switching map technique. In chaotic switching map technique, the message is encrypted by randomly switching from one chaotic converter to another. The bifurcation parameter of the randomly switched chaotic converter is modulated by the message. Secondly, an attempt has been made to design a robust non-coherent receiver that is adaptable to the switching chaotic transmitters, even in the presence of noise. Once the receiver identifies the chaotic converter, it can decode the message as per the decryption algorithm. With the proposed non-coherent receiver, the disadvantages of coherent receivers can be overcome. We have also devised a prototype smart meter, used in smart distribution grid for implementing the proposed communication technique. Copyright

Real time acquisition and analysis of PCG and PPG signals

Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Phonocardiography (PCG) are two important non-invasive techniques for monitoring physiological parameters of cardiovascular diagnostics. The PCG signal discloses information about cardiac function through vibrations caused by the working heart. PPG measures relative blood volume changes in the blood vessels close to the skin. This paper emphasizes on simultaneous acquisition of PCG and PPG signals from the same subject with the aid of NIELVIS II+ DAQ and the signals are imported to MATLAB for further processing. Heart rate is extracted from both the signals which are found to be distinctive. This analytical approach of processing these signals can abet for analysis of Heart rate variability (HRV) which is widely used for quantifying neural cardiac control and low variability is particularly predictive of death in patients after myocardial infarction.

A comparative analysis of neuropathic and healthy EMG signal using PSD

The presented approach is conceptually useful in illustrating the alteration in motor units (MUs) for neuromuscular disorders and discussed on the properties of PDS & PSD of EMG signals. The proposed power spectral density method comparatively analyzed the healthy & neuropathy signals with Welchs PSD estimation method by Hamming & Kaiser Window. The distributions of power over frequency components for both the signals are significantly compared. This analysis is intended to provide an automatic diagnosis of an individuals muscle condition.

TBC algorithm to detect r-peak and HRV analysis for ischemia heart disease

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is the ability to assess overall cardiac health and the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), responsible for regulating cardiac activity. ST-change due to ischemia and their HRV analysis have not been well discussed in the previous works. The proposed simple and time efficient TBC algorithm has been tested in four sets of standard databases with selected patients data having ischemi conditions (i.e.MIT-BIH Normal-Sinus Rhythm Database (NSRDB), European ST-T Database (EDB), MIT-BIH ST Change Database (STDB) & Long-Term ST Database (LTSTDB))for the detection of R-peak & HRV analysis. The pre-processing is done by MAF and DWT to remove the baseline drift and noise induced in the ECG signal. The mean/average of HR is calculated for each set of databases and in case of EDB it is of 57 BPM (subjected to bradycardia). The Probability with normal distribution is analyzed by comparing the NSRDB data with the ischemic data sets. The performance of this algorithm is found to be 98.5%.

T Wave Analysis: Potential Marker of Arrhythmia and Ischemia Detection-A Review

T wave is the end potential waveform or segment of cardiac cycle. It is basically originated by the different layers of ventricular myocardium and their differences in repolarization time. This study analyzes the conventional techniques and automatic popular methods associated with T Wave Alternans (TWA) and their approaches towards ischemic and arrhythmic interventions. This review work is divided into two major parts i.e. (i) Analysis of T wave: association of T wave with ischemia and arrhythmia (ii) T wave detection techniques. This analytical literature survey also leads to the conclusion, where the importance of T wave analysis significantly inculcates ideological researcher and clinical mindset for approaching critical cardiac diseases in multimodal approaches.

An Analytical Review of Different Approaches for Detection and Analysis of Electrocardiographic ST Segment

ST segment analysis is significantly a critical non-invasive pointer to identify ischemic unsettling influences. It has been considered from the start of the electrocardiography on the ground that critical cardiovascular conditions are one of the fundamental drivers of death on the planet and ischemic aggravations are a standout amongst the most vital heart conditions. Most basic Sudden Cardiac Deaths (SCDs) are triggered by Coronary heart disease (CHD). This study is for promising investigation for ST segment discovery and determination of Coronary heart disease. Different presented techniques and algorithms are concisely discussed on ST segment detection and analysis of this segment for possible identification of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Power Distribution System Planning Using Q-GIS

ThisarticlefocusesontheusageandadvantageofincorporatingGeographicalInformationSystem for advancing thepowerdistribution system.Geographical InformationSystem-based electricity distribution system planning strategies are applied to determine optimum routing. Existing and proposedlayoutshavebeendrawnusingGIS-basedsoftwareQ-GIS2.12.3.Thissoftwarehelpsattach datawiththecorrespondinggeographic.AcomparisonbetweentheNewton-Raphsonloadflowstudy ofexistingandproposedlayoutsofdistributionsystemshasbeenperformedtofindthetechnical viabilityoftheproposedroute.Theinformationobtainedfromthepowerflowstudyisvoltageat eachloadandtherealpowerflowingineachline.Thevoltagesfoundbytheloadflowanalysisof existingandproposedlayoutsarecomparedtoshowthevoltageincrease.Thedevelopedsystem istestedona12bussystemsubstationofSikkimManipalInstituteofTechnology,Sikkim,India. KEywORDS Distribution System, Load Flow Analysis, QGIS (Quantum Geographical Information System)

Design and Development of Buck-Boost Regulator for DC Motor Used in Electric Vehicle for the Application of Renewable Energy

This paper presents design and development of buck-boost regulator for DC motor used in electric vehicle for the application of renewable energy. The proposed work is used to study electric vehicle with DC motor energized from buck-boost regulator Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Solutions by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS [1], with energy generated by renewable source. Present work depicts six-phase generator to generate the power from wind fans, and six-phase converter (rectifier) is used to convert AC to DC. The DC is again amplified or regulated by using buck-boost regulator.