Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann

Trade Integration with Europe, Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Egypt

Egypt needs to diversify exports further in order to emerge from its isolation and to draw the maximum advantage from the growth potential offered by trade globalization. To what extent does the bilateral free trade agreement with the European Union encourage the transition from a rentier economy to one of export-led growth? This paper uses a dynamic, calculable, general equilibrium model to assess different scenarios for the Egyptian economy to the year 2010. The authors reach the conclusion that the preferential trade agreement with Europe should facilitate the transition if the increase in trade results in higher Egyptian productivity through technology transfer and pressure from competition. Under these conditions, the agreement would seem to have a similar impact to that which could be expected from unilateral Egyptian trade liberalization, affecting all the country’s trading partners.

Evaluating the CSF with an extended computable general equilibrium model: The case of Greece (1988–1995)☆

Abstract We assess the programs implemented in Greece under the European Community Support Framework (1989–1993), which aim at promoting growth through investments in infrastructure and human capital. We use counterfactual analysis based on an economy-wide extended CGE model to describe separately direct and indirect effects on the demand and the supply sides. A second set of simulations assuming full employment of capacity gives an order of magnitude of the efficiency loss due to macro constraints.

Trade Integration with Europe and Labor Reallocation in the Southern Mediterranean Countries: The Case of Egypt

This paper looks at the implications of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership agreement on labor and wages in Egypt, using a dynamic CGE model, which takes into account the labor market segmentation. Our results suggest that trade liberalization bears the risk of promoting the use of capital-intensive technology, thus reducing the employment content of growth. Employment policies that increase the mobility between the segments of the labor market and wage flexibility could enhance the job creation effect induced by trade liberalization. Employment and trade policies are also complementary in political terms, by alleviating the losses borne by the insiders following the entry of new workers into the labor market.

Aging women and family wealth

Population aging in France in the nineteenth century concerned mainly women, as mens life spans increased only after World War I. The article assesses the impact of this gender-differentiated aging process on wealth distribution, using individual data on bequests collected for the period 1800–1939. Over time, more women died without assets. But those who owned assets were richer. As a result, womens aging contributed both to a more unequal wealth distribution and to narrowing the gender gap between asset owners.

The Coherence of Trade Flows and Trade Policies with Aid and Investment Flows

This paper provides a theoretical and empirical overview of the relationships among trade, aid and FDI, both in terms of policy interactions and interactions among resource flows. Aid flows from one country to another can have positive or negative effects on trade flows between those countries. These effects, in turn, may act at two different levels. There are macro-level links between aid and trade: aid enhances saving, permitting more imports, or aid raises the real exchange rate, depressing exports. There are also micro-level mechanisms: tied aid may increase exports if it is spent on enhancing trade capacity, but other forms of tied aid merely lead to allocative inefficiency. Aid flows can affect trade policy in the developing country that... Cet article fournit une vue d’ensemble a la fois theorique et pratique des relations existant entre les echanges, l’aide et les IDE, a la fois en termes d’interactions politiques et d’interactions entre les flux de ressources. Les flux d’aides d’un pays a un autre peuvent avoir des effets positifs ou negatifs sur les flux commerciaux des pays concernes. Ces effets peuvent agir a deux differents niveaux. Il existe ainsi des liens macroeconomiques entre l’aide et le commerce : l’aide fait augmenter l’epargne, ce qui permet plus d’importations, ou alors l’aide fait monter le taux de change reel, ce qui diminue les exportations. Il existe egalement des mecanismes microeconomiques : une aide liee peut augmenter les exportations si elle est utilisee pour le...

Intergenerational Wealth Mobility in France, 19th and 20th Century

This paper examines intergenerational wealth mobility between fathers and children in France between 1848 and 1960. Considering wealth mobility in the long run requires taking into account not only positional mobility (that is, how families move within a given distribution of wealth), but also structural mobility induced by changes in the distribution of wealth. Such changes are related to two structural phenomena: in the nineteenth century, the rising number of individuals leaving no estate at death and, after World War I, the decline in the number of the very rich who could live off their wealth. The paper studies the movements between these groups and estimates the intergenerational elasticity of wealth, taking into account the persistence at the bottom and at the top.