Ákos Bereczky

Parameter analysis of NO emissions from spark ignition engines

Abstract Environmental protection, especially a reduction in emissions from vehicles, bears great importance nowadays. Combustion engine manufacturers invest large sums of money in order to cut the emission of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydro carbons (CH or THC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). To variously reduce NOx emission either inside (e.g. exhaust gas recirculation) and/or outside the engine (like three-way catalyst), different solutions have been elaborated. The most expedient methods are, however, those reducing NOx during the process of combustion itself. Modelling and parameter analysis of NOx formation in combustion engines provide a new possibility of optimizing engine combustion and operation. To accomplish the above objective, the author of the article has developed a computer model that calculates the thermo-formation of NO by means of the Zeldowich mechanism and applied a multi-zone model for making calculations.

Influence of Higher Alcohols on the Combustion Pressure of Diesel Engine Operated with Rape Seed Oil

Influence of Higher Alcohols on the Combustion Pressure of Diesel Engine Operated with Rape Seed Oil To replace diesel fuel in IC engines, one of the most used alternatives is rape seed oil. In this research rape seed oil has been blended with higher alcohols as the 1-butanol and 2-propanol in 10 or 20 vol% to reduce viscosity. We present our results investigating the effect of these blends on the combustion process and on the emission. We describe the measurement system and the calculation methods applied for evaluation. Results show that both blends have significant effect on the pollutant emission, but the concrete effect may differ from blend to blend. The smoke emission significantly decreases, but there is an increment in the CO and THC emissions. NOx emission slightly decreases in case of butanol, but increases in case of 2-propanol. Considering the combustion process, alcohol blends increase the intensity of the kinetic combustion, and decrease the length of the diffuse phase.

ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

The traditional use of fossil-based fuels is now widely considered unsustainable because of depleting their natural resources. Potential substitutes of fossil fuels are oils of renewable origin such as various vegetable and non-edible oils. The aim of using these oils or their methyl esters (biodiesel) is to establish and maintain a balance between agriculture, economy and environment protection. However, realizing the increasing demand of raw materials currently used can be achieved not only by increasing the production area but also by introducing new materials or technologies. The article presents and evaluates modern raw fuel components that are currently being investigated. Furthermore, the article deals with the dual fuel combustion technology in detail, with which the processed fuels are becoming available for use in Compression Ignition (CI) engines, where conventional blending is difficult or their use exclusively in diesel engines is economically unjustified. In case of dual fuel engine systems, the primary fuel, such as (wet)ethanol, methanol, LPG, H 2 etc. is injected into the intake manifold of the engine and the premixed mixture simultaneously produced is ignited by the pilot diesel fuel as secondary fuel injected directly into the engine cylinder. This technology can significantly reduce exhaust emissions and can slightly increase engine efficiency. The achievements in this field and recently obtained results by the author and his research group are also presented. Exhaust emissions, performance and combustion characteristics were measured and analyzed with respect to several operating parameters as follows: premixed ratio (rp), pilot timing and engine load.

Investigation of Diesel – n-Butanol Fuel Blend in the Function of Pre-injection Angle

The utilisation of renewable fuels and decreasing emission are important targets of the development and utilisation of compression-ignited and spark-ignited internal combustion engines. One solution can be the utilisation of different alcohols. With compression-ignited internal combustion engines, very often, ethanol and n-butanol are used for this purpose. The benefit of higher alcohols (C3–C4), like n-butanol, can be blended with diesel fuel without any surfactant or emulsifier. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the blend containing 10 V/V% n-butanol, and the pre-injection angle on engine performance, combustion, and emission. It is a three–cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine used for the tests.

The Past, Present and Future of the Training of Internal Combustion Engines at the Department of Energy Engineering of BME

Vehicle industry plays an important role in the GDP production and employment of present-day Hungary. In the June of 2016 the share of vehicle manufacturing subsection within processing industry was 31.4% [1] and the sector employed 135 thousand persons in 2014 [2]. Thus higher education takes a significant role in the provision of adequately trained students and the co-operation with the industry has also a great role. The author reviews the training of internal combustion engines, which is the most frequently applied resource today—related to his own narrower field within vehicle industry and the joint research at the Department of Energy Engineering of BME. The author presents the Department in the field, the present areas of research, the industrial co-operations and the available infrastructure. Finally the further plans are being outlined.

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Blends: -n-Butanol- Diesel (D2); and Dual Alcohols: n-Butanol-Methanol with Gasoline in Internal Combustion Engines

A study of the effects of oxygenated alcohol/gasoline/diesel fuel blends on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in conventional reciprocating engines is reported. On the one hand, in alcohol-gasoline blends, dual alcohols-gasoline blends have not yet been sufficiently proven as suitable alternatives to single alcohol-gasoline blends in engines as far as performance is concerned. On the other hand, n-butanoldiesel, although it has a better miscibility factor in diesel than methanol or ethanol, is limited with regard to extensive application in the diesel engines due to its low cetane number. Engine performance was compared using single alcohol-gasoline and dual alcohol-gasoline blends, where the dual blends were constrained to meet the vapor issues regarding fuels and regulations. The blends were selected in terms of a combination by volume of one being higher alcohol (n-butanol) and the other, lower alcohol (methanol). The engines used for this study included a single-cylinder and a four-cylinder, naturally aspirated, four-stroke spark ignition engines and a fourcylinder, four-stroke compression ignition turbocharged diesel engine. In the n-butanoldiesel studies, a comparison was made with other studies in order to determine how suitable n-butanol-diesel blends were across the biofuel family such as the biodieselethanol-diesel blends. The findings were as follows: The dual alcohols-gasoline blends performed better than the single alcohol-gasoline blends depending on certain compositional ratios of the alcohols in gasoline regardless of vapor pressure consideration. The n-butanol/diesel alcohol blend (B5, B10, and B20, where B5 represents 5% nbutanol and 95% diesel) significantly reduced the regulated emissions in a turbocharged engine compared to other studies using biodiesel-diesel blends. The significant decrease in NOx, CO emissions, and reduction of unburned hydrocarbons content using nbutanol/diesel fuel (DF) blends were found experimentally. The use of dual alcohol /