Alain Bonnafous

The regional impact of the TGV

Evidence on the regional impact of the TGV high speed rail line between Paris and Lyons is provided, on the basis of surveys carried out both before and after its inauguration. The timing of the TGV and the nature of the surveys are explained, while the analysis contrasts the impact on the Paris and Rhone-Alps regions at each end of the TGV line. Tourism and service industries are the main subjects of the research.

Transport Energy and Emissions: Rail

While pollutant emissions from transport have only recently become an issue, their energy costs have been a long-standing concern. It can even be said that, historically, from the beginning of railways, there has always been an association between rail and what we today call transport energy efficiency. The chapter describes this association.

Insight into apartment attributes and location with factors and principal components

Apartment characteristics including prices, internal attributes and location attributes consisting of travel times to urban centres and income variables are analysed with exploratory factor analysis. Principal axis factoring with oblique rotation is applied, which allows the extracted factors to be correlated. Four factors are extracted, of which two represent apartment attributes and other two n location attributes. The analysed area is the French adjacent cities of Lyon and Villeurbanne. Spatial distribution of the factors provides an insight into both apartment attributes and urban structure. In particular, factors show the concentration of big expensive apartments on the one hand and older apartments in bad condition on the other; they also demonstrate a contradiction with the existing city boundaries in the north and highlight the existence of a problematic low income area in the central part of Lyon. Principal component analysis is applied for a more comprehensive study of location attributes. The clusters of components obtained by K-means algorithm are seen as proxies for apartment submarkets, which are useful for a subsequent study.

Comparison of Static and Dynamic Land Use–Transport Interaction Models: Pirandello and UrbanSim Applications

The paper addresses comparability of two urban modeling frameworks: the static equilibrium Pirandello and the dynamic disequilibrium UrbanSim. The two frameworks, though conceptually different, contain some common features in their transportation and land use models. An empirical test includes the long-term effect of an urban toll implementation in the Lyon urban area in France. The conclusion is that the static and the dynamic urban modeling frameworks, despite their fundamental differences, can generate, in most cases, comparable empirical results, which are intuitively logical and can be used for policy scenario evaluations.