Alberto Perales

Estudio comparativo de salud mental en estudiantes de medicina de dos universidades estatales peruanas

Resumen es: OBJETIVO: Describir y comparar el estado de salud mental en estudiantes de medicina de dos universidades estatales peruanas. MATERIAL Y METODO: Particip...

Estrés, ansiedad y depresión en magistrados de Lima, Perú

Objective. To measure the general and work related stress, depression and anxiety in Magistrates (Judges and District Attorneys) of Lima Judicial District. Material and methods. We carried out a transversal and descriptive study. A population of 1137 magistrates from the Lima Jurisdictional District of the Judicial System, was randomly sampled by a strata representing every agency of the Judicial System. The final sample included 287 magistrates: 138 District Attorneys and 149 Judges. After informed consent, a questionnaire composed by four previously validated instruments was applied to measure general and work related stress, anxiety and depression. Results. General stress was present in 18.5 % of the participants; work related stress 33.7 %; anxiety 12.5 %, and depression 15 %. All three conditions were present in 6.6 % of the participants and at least one in 25.9 %. General stress was associated to depression (OR: 4.9; IC95 % 1.6-15.1) and anxiety (OR: 8.5; IC95 % 2.5-28.6) by logistic regression. Conclusion. Lima Judicial District’s Magistrates present a triad composed by high levels of labor stress, anxiety and depression. A quarter of the participants present at least one of those conditions. In that perspective, it is recommended that intervention and preventive programs address stress, anxiety and depression simultaneously, given their strong association.

Sintomatología depresiva y problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol durante la formación académica de estudiantes de medicina

Con el objetivo de evaluar la frecuencia de sintomatologia depresiva (SDe) y problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol (PRCA) durante la formacion academica de estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, se realizo un estudio transversal en estos estudiantes, del primero a sexto ano. Usando la escala de depresion de Zung, para evaluar SDe, y el cuestionario CAGE, para evaluar PRCA, se encontro que el 23,3% de los encuestados presento SDe y el 7,3%, PRCA. Se encontro, asi mismo que la frecuencia de SDe y PRCA fue mayor en los estudiantes de los primeros anos de estudios. Se recomienda que hay necesidad de actuar en la prevencion y deteccion de estas entidades desde los primeros anos de formacion academica de estudiantes de Medicina

Ética, bioética y medicina

El vasto campo que el titulo plantea, resulta imposible cubrirlo con propiedad en el corto espacio de un editorial. Por ello, y en concordancia con el Simposio que presentamos, comentaremos solo tres aspectos que, a nuestro juicio, requieren de mayor reflexion en el pais: 1) Los conceptos de Etica y Bioetica y su relacion con la Medicina; 2) Su relacion con la investigacion cientifica en Medicina y 3) Su relacion con la practica profesional evidenciada en la experiencia del Colegio Medico del Peru.

Alteraciones del Yo en las fases iniciales del espectro esquizofrénico

The pathogenic nucleus of schizophrenia has varied according to the different eras and influences of distinguished clinical researchers. Self-disorders have also been recognised to be at the heart of this disorder, although they have seldom been studied due to their subjective nature. Recently, due to the growing interest in the study of the early stages of schizophrenia, the study of self-disorders has been resumed. The self-disorders in schizophrenia model, developed by Sass and Parnas, proposes that in this disorder the person suffers loss of the first-person perspective and experiences hyperreflexibility, diminished self-affection and disturbance of the field of awareness. Therefore, the person experiences feelings of strangeness about him/herself, difficulty in understanding the common sense of things and difficulty interacting with his/her environment. Based on this model, self-disorder evaluation instruments have been developed and empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate people at risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These studies show that self-disorders are found in prepsychotic stages and that their manifestation may predict the transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. These results have important clinical implications as they enable people in the early stages of the disorder to be identified and create the opportunity to apply early therapeutic interventions.

Perspectivas latinoamericanas sobre medicina centrada en la persona

Person-centered medicine (PCM) is a programmatic global initiative led by the International College of Person-Centered Medicine. It has recently emerged in Latin America. It requires the use of scientific research as an instrument to generate the best clinical evidence, and humanism as the essence of medicine to help mankind. It is focused on not only combatting disease but also promoting the display of healthy human being potentials towards achieving well-being and comprehensive growth. Although the humanism of medicine in Latin America has been a distinctive characteristic of its practice, now, there is a worrying decline in its impact on healthcare. This article summarizes the Latin American perspective from four countries. Needs and experiences are compared and responses that arise in view of the dehumanizing influence of technology and health management as a consumption good are described.

Ethics, psychiatry and mental health

After delimiting the concepts of moral and ethics the author makes a conceptual difference between psychiatry and mental health. He proposes that the former is a medical specialty while the latter is built in the health concept. Psychiatric problems correspond to mental disorders that affect individual persons while mental health problems, such as underdevelopment and poverty, generalized corruption and violence affect the whole society and interfere with human development and economic growth. To mix up both concepts as if they were synonymous, especially in third world countries, leads to scientific, economic and socio-political risks that attempt against their developments as nations.

ACERCA DEL ESTUDIO DE LA PSICOPATOLOGÍA GENERAL Y TRANSCULTURAL

; sin embargo, es necesario para comprobar ello un estudio longitudinal particularmente con ultrasonografia doppler para establecer si hay compromiso hipoxicoisquemico. En diferentes estudios en la altura (1) , el bajo peso al nacer se mantiene luego de controlar el nivel socioeconomico. Villamonte y Jeri hacen mencion que las diferencias en el nivel socioeconomico en la altura generan tambien diferencias en el peso del recien nacido. Esto es un hecho conocido tanto para poblaciones que viven a bajas como a grandes altitudes (5) , por ello, la importancia que los estudios de investigacion que evaluan poblaciones ubicadas a diferentes altitudes deban controlar en el diseno o en el analisis el factor socioeconomico (1)

Reflexiones sobre ética de investigación en seres humanos

Con el objetivo de plantear la necesaria reflexion moral sobre la responsabilidad personal que asume cada investigador cuando realiza investigacion cientifica en seres humanos, se presenta un ensayo de tematica cientifica y moral, utilizando informacion de la literatura cientifica y etica pertinentes. En torno a los conceptos de etica heteronoma y etica autonoma, se plantea que, en ultima instancia y allende el consentimiento Informado y los cursos de adiestramiento sobre etica en investigacion, la conducta del/de la investigador/a dependera de su propia responsabilidad moral puesta a prueba en diversos contextos situacionales. Se utilizan dos modelos explicativos para comprender esta dinamica, el de normalidad en salud mental y el del desarrollo moral del hombre. Se concluye que el proceso de investigacion en seres humanos constituye una actividad cientifica y moral que, dependiendo de diversas situaciones de conflicto de interes, pondra siempre a prueba los controles morales del investigador.