Alcione Leite da Silva

The needs of informal caregivers of elderly people living at home: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND Over the past years, researchers have developed studies about informal caregivers who care for the elderly living at home. Meeting these needs can help these professionals to provide more appropriate care. AIM To explore and define the current status of published literature related to the needs of informal caregivers who care for the elderly living at home. METHOD This study follows an integrative literature review using Whittemore and Knafls method. Given the lack of higher-level evidence on this area of study, this method was considered to be the most appropriate to explore and define the current status of the available literature, which comes from a variety of scientific sources, and diverse methodologies. The literature research was performed using eleven electronic databases. The search was developed during the months of December 2010 and February 2011 and updated from March to April 2011. Studies written in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included. A total of 14 articles met the criteria in this review. Data were extracted from primary studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. RESULTS The literature review showed a shortcoming of studies about the needs of caregivers of the elderly at home. It also identified a lack of high-quality scientific evidence in this area. From the literature available, four core themes were generated to reflect the literature: information and training, professional support, effective communication and legal and financial support. CONCLUSION This integrative review offers important insight into the needs of informal caregivers, specifically for the elderly. The inclusive nature of integrative review method enabled us to provide a good understanding of underlying issues on the needs of informal caregivers. Challenges for the future are to broaden and enhance the scope of research in this area to provide effective support to intervention projects, services and care to informal caregivers.

Significados do trabalho no processo de viver de trabalhadoras de um programa de saúde da família

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender os significados do trabalho no processo de viver de trabalhador(as) do Programa de Saude da Familia, de um municipio do Rio Grande do Sul. Com base em uma abordagem exploratorio-descritivo, dados qualitativos foram obtidos atraves de entrevista e grupo focal, com dez trabalhador(as) do Programa de Saude da Familia. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa de analise qualitativa - QSR Nvivo e interpretados atraves do referencial teorico proposto. De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, o trabalho emergiu a partir de uma rede de significados que o caracterizam como processo (des)potencializador do viver humano do(as) trabalhador(as) do Programa de Saude da Familia.

O significado de ser familiar cuidador do portador de transtorno mental

The objective of this qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was to understand the meanings of being a caregiver to family members with mental disorders. The study was conducted among relatives of patients with mental disorders, attended at the Integrated Clinic of Primary Health Care in the municipality of Biguaçu-SC, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí. Qualitative data was generated through dialogic interviews and analyzed using the theory of Becoming Human. Four categories emerged from analysis: the experience of mental disorder in families; coping with its difficulties and limitations; relationships with family and “others”; co-creation of the possibilities for transcendence. We conclude that living the theory of Becoming Human including a family member mental patient caregiver involves the co-participation of the nurse as a caregiver, in illuminating with meaning the experienced situations, thus co-transcending their own conditions of being and acting in the world in search of a better quality of life. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Mental disorders. Family. EL SIGNIFICADO DE SER EL CUIDADOR FAMILIAR DE PACIENTES MENTALES RESUMEN: Este es un estudio cualitativo de enfoque exploratorio, descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue comprender el significado de ser un cuidador familiar de pacientes con trastornos mentales. El estudio se desarrolló con los familiares de los pacientes con trastornos mentales, seguido en la clinica integrada de Atención Primaria de Salud en el municipio de Biguaçu-SC, vinculada a Universidade do Vale do Itajaí. Los datos cualitativos fueron obtenidos por entrevista dialógica y analizados sobre la base de la teoría del Devenir Humano. Del análisis de los dados surgieron las siguientes categorías: la experiencia de trastorno mental en las familias; hacer frente a las dificultades y limitaciones, la interrelación con la familia y “otros”; y co-creación de las posibilidades de trascendencia. Se concluyó que viver la teoría del Devenir Humano con el familiar cuidador de pacientes con trastorno mental, implica la co-participación del enfermero en la iluminación de los significados de las situaciones vivenciadas, co-trasciendendo sus propias condiciones de ser y actuar en el mundo en busca de una mejor calidad de vida. DESCRIPTORES: Enfermería. Transtornos mentales. Família.The objective of this qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was to understand the meanings of being a caregiver to family members with mental disorders. The study was conducted among relatives of patients with mental disorders, attended at the Integrated Clinic of Primary Health Care in the municipality of Biguacu-SC, Universidade do Vale do Itajai. Qualitative data was generated through dialogic interviews and analyzed using the theory of Becoming Human. Four categories emerged from analysis: the experience of mental disorder in families; coping with its difficulties and limitations; relationships with family and “others”; co-creation of the possibilities for transcendence. We conclude that living the theory of Becoming Human including a family member mental patient caregiver involves the co-participation of the nurse as a caregiver, in illuminating with meaning the experienced situations, thus co-transcending their own conditions of being and acting in the world in search of a better quality of life. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Mental disorders. Family. EL SIGNIFICADO DE SER EL CUIDADOR FAMILIAR DE PACIENTES MENTALES RESUMEN: Este es un estudio cualitativo de enfoque exploratorio, descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue comprender el significado de ser un cuidador familiar de pacientes con trastornos mentales. El estudio se desarrollo con los familiares de los pacientes con trastornos mentales, seguido en la clinica integrada de Atencion Primaria de Salud en el municipio de Biguacu-SC, vinculada a Universidade do Vale do Itajai. Los datos cualitativos fueron obtenidos por entrevista dialogica y analizados sobre la base de la teoria del Devenir Humano. Del analisis de los dados surgieron las siguientes categorias: la experiencia de trastorno mental en las familias; hacer frente a las dificultades y limitaciones, la interrelacion con la familia y “otros”; y co-creacion de las posibilidades de trascendencia. Se concluyo que viver la teoria del Devenir Humano con el familiar cuidador de pacientes con trastorno mental, implica la co-participacion del enfermero en la iluminacion de los significados de las situaciones vivenciadas, co-trasciendendo sus propias condiciones de ser y actuar en el mundo en busca de una mejor calidad de vida. DESCRIPTORES: Enfermeria. Transtornos mentales. Familia.

O cuidado a pessoas com HIV/aids na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender el cuidado de las personas con VIH/SIDA, desde la perspectiva de profesionales de la salud, en Portugal. Fue desarrollado basandose en el metodo de la historia oral de Thompson, con la participacion de 22 profesionales de la salud. Los datos fueron obtenidos a traves de la entrevista semiestructurada y analizados desde la perspectiva de agrupacion de relatos, propuestas por el autor con el apoyo del programa QSR NVivo. Los aspectos eticos fueron seguidos durante todo el estudio. El cuidado fue agrupado en tres dimensiones: cognitiva, afectivo-relacional y tecnico-instrumental. La dimension cognitiva de cuidado se destaco en el momento de la revelacion del diagnostico de VIH/SIDA y a lo largo de la evolucion de la enfermedad. La dimension afectivo-relacional fue transversal y valorada durante todo el proceso, desde el diagnostico hasta la muerte de las personas con VIH/SIDA. La dimension tecnico-instrumental fue mas expresiva en la etapa mas avanzada de la enfermedad, en el momento terminal y de dependencia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se concluye que estas tres dimensiones son fundamentales para el cuidado de la persona con VIH/SIDA.Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender o cuidado as pessoas com HIV/aids, na perspectiva de profissionais de saude, em Portugal. Foi desenvolvido atraves do metodo da historia oral, de Thompson, com a participacao de 22 profissionais de saude. Os dados foram obtidos atraves de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base na perspectiva de coletânea de narrativas, propostas pelo autor com o apoio do programa QSR NVivo. Os aspectos eticos foram obedecidos ao longo do estudo. O cuidado foi agrupado em tres dimensoes: cognitiva, afetiva-relacional e tecnico-instrumental. A dimensao cognitiva destacou-se no periodo da revelacao do diagnostico de HIV/aids e ao longo da evolucao da doenca. A dimensao afetivo-relacional foi transversal e valorizada em todo o processo, desde o diagnostico ate a morte das pessoas com HIV/aids. A dimensao tecnico-instrumental foi mais expressiva na fase mais avancada da doenca, em situacao de dependencia e de terminalidade. Diante do exposto, podemos concluir que estas tres dimensoes sao fundamentais para o cuidado a pessoa com HIV/aids.

A enfermagem na era da globalização: desafios para o século XXI

The purpose of this paper was to reflect about issues related to the processes of globalization and the global impacts on health, pointing out some challenges for Nursing in the twenty-first century. In this sense, the author outlines the forms and trends of globalization in the contemporary world, and the drastic impacts on human health and environment. To respond to the challenges of the globalized world, some ways are indicated, among which, the strengthening of nursing discipline stands out, together with some guidelines for education, research and Nursing care, in a local and global scope.The purpose of this paper was to reflect about issues related to the processes of globalization and the global impacts on health, pointing out some challenges for Nursing in the twenty-first century. In this sense, the author outlines the forms and trends of globalization in the contemporary world, and the drastic impacts on human health and environment. To respond to the challenges of the globalized world, some ways are indicated, among which, the strengthening of nursing discipline stands out, together with some guidelines for education, research and Nursing care, in a local and global scope.The purpose of this paper was to reflect about issues related to the processes of globalization and the global impacts on health, pointing out some challenges for Nursing in the twenty-first century. In this sense, the author outlines the forms and trends of globalization in the contemporary world, and the drastic impacts on human health and environment. To respond to the challenges of the globalized world, some ways are indicated, among which, the strengthening of nursing discipline stands out, together with some guidelines for education, research and Nursing care, in a local and global scope.

HIV/aids care according to the perspective of healthcare providers

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender el cuidado de las personas con VIH/SIDA, desde la perspectiva de profesionales de la salud, en Portugal. Fue desarrollado basandose en el metodo de la historia oral de Thompson, con la participacion de 22 profesionales de la salud. Los datos fueron obtenidos a traves de la entrevista semiestructurada y analizados desde la perspectiva de agrupacion de relatos, propuestas por el autor con el apoyo del programa QSR NVivo. Los aspectos eticos fueron seguidos durante todo el estudio. El cuidado fue agrupado en tres dimensiones: cognitiva, afectivo-relacional y tecnico-instrumental. La dimension cognitiva de cuidado se destaco en el momento de la revelacion del diagnostico de VIH/SIDA y a lo largo de la evolucion de la enfermedad. La dimension afectivo-relacional fue transversal y valorada durante todo el proceso, desde el diagnostico hasta la muerte de las personas con VIH/SIDA. La dimension tecnico-instrumental fue mas expresiva en la etapa mas avanzada de la enfermedad, en el momento terminal y de dependencia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se concluye que estas tres dimensiones son fundamentales para el cuidado de la persona con VIH/SIDA.Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender o cuidado as pessoas com HIV/aids, na perspectiva de profissionais de saude, em Portugal. Foi desenvolvido atraves do metodo da historia oral, de Thompson, com a participacao de 22 profissionais de saude. Os dados foram obtidos atraves de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base na perspectiva de coletânea de narrativas, propostas pelo autor com o apoio do programa QSR NVivo. Os aspectos eticos foram obedecidos ao longo do estudo. O cuidado foi agrupado em tres dimensoes: cognitiva, afetiva-relacional e tecnico-instrumental. A dimensao cognitiva destacou-se no periodo da revelacao do diagnostico de HIV/aids e ao longo da evolucao da doenca. A dimensao afetivo-relacional foi transversal e valorizada em todo o processo, desde o diagnostico ate a morte das pessoas com HIV/aids. A dimensao tecnico-instrumental foi mais expressiva na fase mais avancada da doenca, em situacao de dependencia e de terminalidade. Diante do exposto, podemos concluir que estas tres dimensoes sao fundamentais para o cuidado a pessoa com HIV/aids.

Barreiras e soluções nos Cuidados Continuados a Pessoas Idosas: percepções de Enfermeiros(as)

The National Network for Integrated Continuing Care (RNCCI) was created in Portugal, in 2006 to provide continuing care for the elderly and for dependent cit...

Pesquisa-ação participante no processo de empowerment de mulheres brasileiras no contexto da migração internacional

Este estudo teve por objetivo criar um espaco pessoal e politico para o empowerment de um grupo de mulheres brasileiras imigrantes em Melbourne, Australia, no sentido de refletir sobre suas vidas, as causas e as solucoes para seus problemas, e de estimular a acao coletiva e transformativa. Com base na pesquisa-acao participativa, um grupo de 18 mulheres brasileiras elegeu tres grandes problemas como foco do ciclo de reflexao-acao: a falta de interacao social no seio da comunidade brasileira e de integracao na sociedade australiana, a falta de apoio social para enfrentar os problemas de saude e as barreiras aos cuidados de saude. Grupos de reflexao constituiram-se em oportunidade para as mulheres planejarem, agirem e avaliarem as suas proprias estrategias de intervencao. Algumas realizacoes do grupo de mulheres incluiram: o desenvolvimento de seminarios e a criacao de uma Associacao. Neste estudo, a pesquisa-acao participativa foi um processo para acionar o empowerment das participantes, atraves da filiacao em grupo, dos lacos comunitarios e da acao coletiva.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo crear un espacio personal y politico para en empowerment de un grupo de mujeres brasilenas inmigrantes en Melbourne, Australia, para reflexionar sobre sus vidas, las causas y soluciones a sus problemas, y para fomentar la accion colectiva y transformativa. Con base en la investigacion-accion participativa, un grupo de 18 mujeres brasilenas eligio tres grandes problemas como un enfoque del ciclo de reflexion-accion: la falta de interaccion social dentro de la comunidad brasilena y la integracion en la sociedad australiana, la falta de apoyo social para se enfrentar problemas de salud y las barreras a la atencion de la salud. Grupos de reflexion fueran una oportunidad para las mujeres planificar, actuar y evaluar sus propias estrategias de intervencion. Algunos logros del grupo de mujeres incluyeran: el desarrollo de seminarios y la creacion de una asociacion. En este estudio, la investigacion-accion participativa fue un proceso para activar lo empowerment de las participantes, a traves de la pertenencia a grupos, vinculos comunitarios y la accion colectiva.

Expectations of a group of Portuguese pregnant women in the districts of Viseu and Aveiro regarding motherhood

Motherhood is a complex phenomenon, supplementedwith expectations about the new reality, the hopes of all going well, taking into account the expected care. In order to meet the needs of the Portuguese expectant mother, it is necessary to know what she deems essential for herself and her family, so that strategies may be developed to facilitate the transition process. This study was intended to gain insight into fulfilled and unfulfilled expectations of health care in motherhood with a group pregnant females in Portugal. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, with 22 Portuguese women belonging to the Clusters of Health Care Centers of the districts of Viseu and Aveiro. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis proposed by Bardin, supported by QSR NVivo 10. It was observed that fulfilled expectations surpassed those unmet, especially in terms of high quality health care and competent health care professionals. Regarding unfulfilled expectations, they mainly refer to maternity incentives, with an emphasis on the wish of greater financial familly supportfrom the government.

Experiences of motherhood: Unmet expectations of immigrant and native mothers, about the Portuguese health system.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify the unmet expectations of Portuguese and immigrant women, for the National Health System, during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, using semi structured interviews and content analysis proposed by Bardin, with the categorization of verbatim interviews of 82 Portuguese and immigrant women, supported by NVivo 10. RESULTS Major emerging categories of unmet expectations referred to the accessibility, human resources, incentives to maternity, physical and environmental conditions, and organization of the health system. There was a greater representation of dashed expectations among immigrant users when compared to Portuguese women. CONCLUSION The areas of greatest shortage in meeting the needs of users are: surveillance by experts in the health centre and maternity hospital; reduced waiting time for pregnant women in consultations; home visits; more incentives to maternity; longer duration of hospitalization; higher number of professionals and presence of a companion with the parturient.