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Featured researches published by Alden E. Roberts.


Review of Religious Research | 1990

The Clergy as a Resource for Those Encountering Psychological Distress

H. Paul Chalfant; Peter L. Heller; Alden E. Roberts; David F. Briones; Salvador Aguirre-Hochbaum; Walter Farr; Stable Url

The counseling role of clergy has been seen as threatened by the professionalization of mental health care. There are two reasons to reject this view. First, a theologically and psychologically sound program for training pastors in counseling has been growing for more than 50 years. Second, research findings, spanning a period of more than 20 years, consistently show that the clergy is the most frequently sought source of help for psychological distress. Findings reported in this study are based on a sample of 806 respondents selected from El Paso, Texas. As in past research, the clergy continue to be by far the most popular source of help for a personal problem. Popularity of the clergy as a help resource is not significantly affected by religious affiliation, but is affected by ethnicity, church attendance, and socioeconomic status. Among other conclusions, it is suggested that an intensive community mental health care orientation be promoted among clergy, practitioners of family medicine, psychiatrists/psychologists, and psychiatric social workers.


International Migration Review | 1982

Community structure and Vietnamese refugee adaptation: the significance of context.

Paul D. Starr; Alden E. Roberts

This article examines the significance of understanding the refugee experience as a product of the relationship between individual refugees and the larger social context or environment. It suggests that studies focusing upon such relationships, linking both micro and macrolevel data, could provide useful insights about refugee adaptation in varied contexts. To illustrate the usefulness of such an approach, an analysis of the effects of community structure upon the adjustment of a sample of Vietnamese refugees in America is presented.


Social Science Journal | 2010

Body art, deviance, and American college students

Jerome R. Koch; Alden E. Roberts; Myrna L. Armstrong; Donna C. Owen

Abstract This research examines the relationship between body art (tattoos and piercings) and deviance. With the increasing mainstream presence of visible tattoos and piercings among entertainers, athletes, and even in corporate boardrooms, we wonder the extent to which long-time enthusiasts and collectors regard the phenomenon as encroachment. We use sub-cultural identity theory to propose that individuals with increasing evidence of body art procurement will also report higher levels of deviant behavior in order to maintain and/or increase social distance from the mainstream. We tested this proposition by surveying 1753 American college students, asking them to report their level of body art acquisition and their history of deviance. Results indicate that respondents with four or more tattoos, seven or more body piercings, or piercings located in their nipples or genitals, were substantively and significantly more likely to report regular marijuana use, occasional use of other illegal drugs, and a history of being arrested for a crime. Less pronounced, but still significant in many cases, was an increased propensity for those with higher incidence of body art to cheat on college work, binge drink, and report having had multiple sex partners in the course of their lifetime.


Archives of Dermatology | 2008

Motivation for Contemporary Tattoo Removal A Shift in Identity

Myrna L. Armstrong; Alden E. Roberts; Jerome R. Koch; Jana C. Saunders; Donna C. Owen; R. Rox Anderson

OBJECTIVE To compare the results of a 1996 study of tattoo possession and motivation for tattoo removal with those of a 2006 study, in light of todays current strong mainstream tattoo procurement and societal support within the young adult population. DESIGN Descriptive, exploratory study. SETTING Four dermatology clinics in Arizona, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Texas. PARTICIPANTS The 2006 study included 196 tattooed patients (66 men and 130 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of purchase and possession risk, as measured by a 127-item survey and factor analysis. RESULTS In contrast to the 1996 study, more women (69%) than men (31%) presented for tattoo removal in 2006. Women in the 2006 study were white, single, college educated, and between the ages of 24 and 39 years; they reported being risk takers, having stable family relationships, and moderate to strong religious beliefs (prayer and closeness to God). Commonly, tattoos were obtained at approximately 20 years of age, providing internal expectations of uniqueness and self-identity. Tattoo possession risks were significant, cited when the quest for uniqueness turned into stigmata (P < .001), negative comments (P < .003), and clothes problems (P < .004). CONCLUSIONS In both the 1996 and the 2006 studies, a shift in identity occurred, and removal centered around dissociating from the past. However, in the 2006 study, more women than men were notably affected by possession risks. Societal support for women with tattoos may not be as strong as for men. Rather than having visible tattoos, women may still want to choose self-controlled body site placement, even in our contemporary society.


Psychological Reports | 2005

COLLEGE STUDENTS, TATTOOS, AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY

Jerome R. Koch; Alden E. Roberts; Myrna L. Armstrong; Donna C. Owen

This research examined the association of having a tattoo and engaging in premarital sexual intercourse. Data gathered from a convenience sample of 450 college students indicated that tattooed respondents were substantively and significantly more likely to be sexually active than nontattooed college students. Tattooed men became sexually active at a significantly earlier age than nontattooed men but no such difference was found between tattooed and nontattooed college women.


Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services | 2002

College students and tattoos: Influence of image, identity, family, and friends

Myrna L. Armstrong; Donna C. Owen; Alden E. Roberts; Jerome R. Koch

Tattoos are popular among many groups of people. College students from a large university in the southwestern United States were queried using the 134-item Armstrong Team Tattoo Attitude Survey. Findings documents a progressive increase in tattooing and reflect significant support for tattoos, even from non-tattooed students. Similar and positive demographic characteristics were present in individuals who were both non-tattooed and tattooed. In addition, tattooed people were viewed positively, even among non-tattooed respondents. Friends significantly affected procurement and possession of tattoos, whereas of all family members, the sister was the only significant influence. Overall, friends, identity, and image seem to be the major influences for obtaining tattoos.


Sociological Spectrum | 2005

College Students, Tattooing, And The Health Belief Model: Extending Social Psychological Perspectives On Youth Culture And Deviance

Jerome R. Koch; Alden E. Roberts; Julie Harms Cannon; Myrna L. Armstrong; Donna C. Owen

ABSTRACT This research extends social psychological models which have previously been used to explain tattooing behavior. We apply the Health Belief Model to the decision-making process by which young adults express interest in or obtain a tattoo. We examine the five components of the Health Belief Model with regard to the likelihood of being tattooed, being interested in tattoos, or obtaining a (or another) tattoo. Survey data were gathered from 520 undergraduate students at a large, public university in the southwest. Their responses show the Health Belief Model to be a significant predictor of this behavior among the students in our sample.


Journal of The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners | 2010

A triad of evidence for care of women with genital piercings

Cathy Young; Myrna L. Armstrong; Alden E. Roberts; Inola Thomas Mello; Elayne Angel

Purpose: To add three further dimensions of evidence for the care of women with genital piercings (GPs). Data sources: Following a literature review, a cross‐sectional study replicated previous work, using a web‐based survey. This triad of evidence provides (a) descriptive quantitative data (N = 240) about women with GPs, (b) qualitative data about women with GPs, as well as (c) clinical observations from 60 healthcare providers (HCPs) who have cared for women with GPs. Conclusions: Three important findings about women with GPs were validated: (a) GPs were deliberate actions, sought for personal and sexual expression; (b) women with GPs treat piercings as a normal, meaningful part of their lives which produce sexual enhancement and expression; and (c) they continue to seek information about GP care from nonhealth providers. New data indicate that they have experienced depression (47%), abuse (physical 18%; emotional, 27%; sexual, 14%), and forced sexual activity (35%) in their lives. Several unsubstantiated assumptions about women with GPs are challenged with these data. Implications for practice: GPs should not delay important health care. Health‐protective, as well as health promotion, behaviors are important to reduce risks. Nurse practitioners (NPs) can become effective and resourceful advocates in three specific areas of care: (a) responsiveness to women with GPs, (b) collaborative decision making for the removal of jewelry, and (c) promotion of applicable patient education.


Psychological Reports | 2007

Frequencies and Relations of Body Piercing and Sexual Experience in College Students

Jerome R. Koch And; Alden E. Roberts; Myrna L. Armstrong; Donna C. Owen

This research examined the relation between having a body piercing and having engaged in premarital sexual intercourse. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of 450 college students. 72% were women; 85% were ages 18 to 22 years (M = 20.9, SD = 4.5), 80% were Euro-American. Women with piercings reported substantively and significantly greater frequency of sexual activity than college students without piercings. There were no significant differences in sexual experience between men with piercings and those without. These findings differ from previous research comparing the sexual activity of college students with and without tattoos.


Clinical Nursing Research | 2007

Investigating the removal of body piercings.

Myrna L. Armstrong; Alden E. Roberts; Jerome R. Koch; Jana C. Saunders; Donna C. Owen

Although body piercing procurement continues to increase, 13% to 18% of them are removed. Reasons for piercing removal in college students were examined with three groups: (a) those who kept all their piercings, (b) those who removed some, or (c) those who removed all of their body piercings. Of the sample, 41% were still pierced; 50% in their lifetime. Their major purpose for the body piercing was “helped them feel unique.” Females obtained more (in high school) and then removed more, usually as upperclassmen. Males and females reported themselves as risk takers at procedure time and currently; however, only 10% cited deviancy as a reason for the body piercing(s). Only removal elements of “I just got tired of it” and “I just decided to remove it” were present, especially with the Some Removed Group. Further examination of body piercing building personal distinctiveness and self-identity to promote their need of uniqueness is suggested.

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Myrna L. Armstrong

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

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Donna C. Owen

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

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Cathy Young

University of Texas at Arlington

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Jana C. Saunders

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

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Katherine Rinard

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

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LaMicha Hogan

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

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Peter L. Heller

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso

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