Aldi Feiden

Digestibilidade aparente da energia e proteína das farinhas de resíduo da filetagem da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e da corvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus) e farinha integral do camarão canela (Macrobrachium amazonicum) para a tilápia do Nilo

The trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (CDa) of gross energy (EB) and crude protein (PB) of tilapia (FT) and corvina (FC) processing by-product meal, and canela crayfish (Macrobrachium amazonicum) meal (FM), for Nile tilapia fingerlings. Forty sexual reverted fishes, with average weight of 40 g, were allotted to 500 L feeding tanks. Feces collection was performed at two 150 L conical tanks. CDa was evaluated by an indirect method, with 0.1% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the indicator. Average temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity were 8.5 ± 0.5oC, 3.57 ± 0.12 mg/L, 7.21 ± 0.03, e 0.18 ± 0.01 mS/cm, respectively. Digestibility coefficients of PB, EB and MS was 70.67 and 54.45 for FC, 67.09 and 48.52 for FT, 88.79 and 68.38 for FM, respectively; the digestible values of protein (%) and energy (kcal/kg) as fed basis were, 37.50 and 2107.46 for FC, 28.72 and 1927.18 for FT, 53.74 and 2763.23 for FM. The evaluated feedstuffs have potential for utilization on tilapia nutrition, however, it is necessary to determine its inclusion levels in diets for the different rearing phases of this species.

Desenvolvimento de larvas de surubim-do-iguaçu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) submetidas a diferentes dietas

An assay was conducted to evaluate the development of Iguacu surubim (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) larvae fed different diets. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in 35 L-aquaria, each one with 15 larvae (8.35±0.85 mm and 6.75±0.64 mg). The treatments consisted of five feeding programs: Artemia (A); diet (D); zooplankton (Z); Artemia with diet (A+D); and zooplankton with diet (Z+D). Larvae development was evaluated in illuminated environment during 29 days. For larvae feeding evaluation, three larvae were collected every three days, in five additional aquaria for stomach content analysis. In the A+D and Z+D treatments, the larvae average weight (659 and 571 mg) was significantly higher than the other treatments. The combinations of feeds resulted in better results and, in treatment R, it was observed survival rate of 1.7, that differs from the other treatments. Cannibalism rate was higher in D and Z treatments, with values of 60 and 25%, respectively. The A+D treatment provided the best development and the highest survival rate for Steindachneridion sp larvae.

Proteína e energia na alimentação de pacus criados em tanques-rede

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) raised in cages and fed diets containing levels of crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE). It was used 3.960 fish with an average initial weight of 293.38 ± 5.67 g, distributed in 18 net-ponds with 5 m3, with 220 fish per experimental unit (44 fish/m3) in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme composed of three levels of crude protein (25, 30 and 35%) and two levels of digestible energy (3,250 and 3,500 kcal/kg). Feeding was performed four times a day (9:00 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.) until apparent satiety of the animals. No differences were observed for weight gain, survival rate, apparent feed conversion and specific growing rate. Nevertheless, there was a difference on visceral fat deposition which was higher for animals fed ration with higher energy level. It was not observed influence of levels of protein and energy of the diet in contents of moisture, crude protein, mineral matter and lipids in the fish fillets, either. Rations containing 25% of crude protein and 3,250 kcal/kg of digestible energy promote better performance results.

Farinha de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias na alimentação de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na fase de reversão sexual

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a inclusao da farinha de residuos da industria de filetagem de tilapias (FT) na alimentacao da tilapia-do-nilo na fase de reversao sexual. Foram utilizadas 375 larvas com dois a tres dias de idade, distribuidas em 25 aquarios com capacidade para 30 L, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repeticoes, sendo a unidade experimental constituida por um aquario com 15 larvas. Foram elaboradas cinco racoes isoproteicas e isoenergeticas com 38,6% de proteina digestivel e 3.800 kcal de ED/kg, com niveis de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusao de FT. Os valores de temperatura, oxigenio dissolvido, pH e condutividade eletrica da agua dos aquarios durante o periodo experimental foram de 24,53 ± 1,60oC; 4,81 ± 0,68 mg/L; 7,70 ± 0,25; e 175,97 ± 108,46 µS/cm, respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, nao foram observadas diferencas no peso e comprimento final, no fator de condicao, na sobrevivencia e no indice de reversao sexual das larvas alimentadas com a FT. A inclusao de ate 20% de FT em racoes para tilapia do Nilo na fase de reversao sexual nao causa prejuizo ao desempenho dos peixes.

Densidade de estocagem e parâmetros eritrocitários de pacus criados em tanques-rede

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo, as caracteristicas eritrocitarias e o nivel de glicose sanguinea de pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) estocados em diferentes densidades em tanques-rede. Foram utilizados 2.700 peixes com peso inicial de 142,11 ± 10,54 g, distribuidos em nove tanques-rede de 5 m3 de volume util durante 240 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres densidades (200, 300 e 400 peixes por tanque), cada uma com tres repeticoes. Somente o peso final e o ganho de peso diminuiram com o aumento da densidade de estocagem. A biomassa final aumenta de acordo com o numero de animais estocados por unidade produtiva. As densidades de criacao nao influenciaram o rendimento de carcaca, mas afetaram o comprimento total, que foi maior nos peixes criados em baixa densidade, que nao diferiram daqueles cultivados em densidade intermediaria. Os peixes criados em menor densidade apresentaram maior deposicao lipidica, mas nao diferiram significativamente daqueles estocados em densidade intermediaria. As variaveis eritrocitarias, como eritrocitos totais, hemoglobina, hematocrito, volume corpuscular medio e concentracoes de hemoglobina corpuscular media e de hemoglobina corpuscular media, nao apresentaram diferencas estatisticas entre as densidades utilizadas e permaneceram na faixa normal para a especie. Os niveis de glicose no sangue nao diferiram significativamente entre as densidades trabalhadas. A densidade de estocagem nao influencia os parâmetros eritrocitarios, o nivel de glicose nem o rendimento de carcaca de pacus. A densidade de 200 peixes/tanque resulta em maior peso final e ganho de peso, porem reduz a produtividade por area e aumenta a deposicao lipidica dos peixes.

Desempenho de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com rações contendo complexo enzimático

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an enzimatic complex in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on performance, carcass chemical composition as well as water quality. The experiment was performed in 62 days. It was used two hundred reverted fingerlings (14.57 ± 1.24 g) distributed in a complete randomized design in 20 500 L-tanks with four treatments and five replicates, considering a box with 10 fish as a experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing 0; 0.033; 0.066 and 0.099% of enzimatic complex. The diets were processed in peletized way and supplied four times a day (8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.) The pH average values, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total phosphorus, ammonia and water nitrate of the cultivation were not influenced by the inclusion of the enzimatic complexin the diet. The inclusion of enzymatic complex in the diet did not affect weight gain, survival, and specific growing rate; however, it affected diet consumption and food conversion, whose values were greater for fish fed 0.066% of enzimatic complex diet. No differences were observed on dry matter, humidity, crude protein, mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus in the fish carcass, nevertheless, the ether extract decreased linearly as the level of enzymatic complex increased. The utilization of enzimatic complex (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase) at the level of 0.066% for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worsens food conversion but does not influence performance and body composition of the fish.

Catfish (jundia) body yield and chemical composition fed different protein and energy level in the diet, reared in net-tanks

Objetivou-se analisar o rendimento corporal e a composicao quimica de jundias, Rhamdia quelen, alimentados com racoes contendo diferentes niveis de proteina e energia e criados em sistema de tanques-rede. Utilizou-se a densidade inicial de 70 peixes/m3, em 18 tanques-rede (5,0 m3), durante 324 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois fatores - niveis de proteina bruta (PB), 25, 30 ou 35%; e niveis de energia digestivel (ED): 3.250 e 3.500 kcal - e tres repeticoes. A dieta foi fornecida a vontade, mas mensurada diariamente. No inicio, um lote de peixes foi sacrificado para determinacao dos parâmetros corporais e quimicos. A cada 28 dias, dois peixes de cada unidade experimental foram abatidos para determinacao dos comprimentos total e padrao, do peso total e dos pesos de figado, gonadas, cabeca, tronco limpo e gordura visceral, respectivamente. Posteriormente, foram realizados calculos dos indices hepatossomatico e gonadossomatico, da porcentagem de cabeca e do rendimento de carcaca e do rendimento de tronco limpo. A partir do mes de junho de 2006, tambem foram registrados o rendimento de file e o sexo dos individuos. Para determinacao da composicao da carne do jundia, foram realizadas as analises quimicas de umidade, proteina bruta, lipidios e materia mineral. O fornecimento da racao com 30% de PB resultou em maior rendimento de tronco limpo. A composicao do musculo nao foi influenciada pelas dietas testadas. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a utilizacao de dietas contendo 30% de PB e 3.250 kcal de energia digestivel/kg.

Farinha de vísceras de aves na alimentação de alevinos de piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus)

The present research aimed at evaluating the inclusion poultry by products of birds viscera flour (FV) in the feeding of piavucu (Leporinus macrocephalus) fingerlings. 125 fingerlings with weight and medium initial length of 0.26±0.01g and 2.37±0.28cm, respectively were used, distributed in 25 aquariums (30 liters water capacity each) in an entirely casualized delineation with five treatments and five repetitions. The rations were formulated in way to contain 0; 5; 10; 15 and 20% of FV, being the same isoenergetics and isoproteics. The feed giving was realized four times at 8, 11, 14 and 17 hours, with base in 10% of the total biomass. The zootechnics parameters evaluated were the final weight (PF), final length (CF), weight gain (GP), apparent alimentary conversion (CA) and survival (SO). There were observed an increase in the lineal differences (P 0.05) among the treatments. The increase in the inclusion of FV in rations up to 20%, improves the piavucu fingerlings performance.

Energia Digestível para Larvas de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na Fase de Reversão Sexual

This experiment was conducted to evaluate different levels of digestible energy on the performance of Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus) during the sexual reversion phase. Three hundred and seventy-five larvae with initial average length and weight of 21.0±4.0 mg and 1.19±0.72 cm, respectively, were allotted to 25 30L-aquarium. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. The aquarium with 15 larvae was the experimental unit. The diets were formulated to contain levels of 3,300, 3,525, 3,750, 3,975, and 4,200 kcal/kg of digestible energy and to be isoprotein (38.6% digestible protein). The animals were fed ad libitum five times a day. At the end of the experiment, the averages of weight (PF), survival rate (SO), condition factor (FC) and length (CF) were analyzed. Linear reduction of fishes PF and CF, as the dietary digestible energy levels increased, was observed. No differences on fish SO and FC of different treatments were observed. Deleterious effects on performance due to the increasing dietary digestible energy levels were noticed for Nile tilapia larvae during the sexual reversion.

Energia digestível para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The different levels of digestible energy on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were evaluated. One hundred and twenty-five fingerlings averaging initial length and weight of 0.62±0.12 and 3.25±0.25 cm were allotted to 25 30L-aquariums, as a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates (an aquarium with five fingerlings was considered the experimental unit). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous (30% of digestible protein), isophosphorous and isocalcium, contained 3,300, 3,525, 3,750, 3,975, and 4,200 kcal/kg of digestible energy. The amount of diet was fed of 10% of biomass four times a day. The abiotic parameters (pH, dissolved oxigen - DO, and electric condutivity - EC) were weekly measured at afternoon and the temperature was was daily mensured. The following values were observed: pH of 7.91±0.19, DO of 8.00±0.05 mg/L, EC of 92.11±2.27 µS/cm, and temperature of 25.61±0.90oC. At the end of experiment, means of final weight, weight gain, final length, apparent feeding conversion, survival rate and condition factor were analyzed. No significant differences on fingerling perfomance were found across the treatments. It can be included from 2,900 to 3,400 kcal of ED/kg in the diet of Nile tilapia fingerlings.