Alessandro de Oliveira dos Santos

Religious communities and HIV prevention: An intervention study using a human rights-based approach

Abstract Religious communities have been a challenge to HIV prevention globally. Focusing on the acceptability component of the right to health, this intervention study examined how local Catholic, Evangelical and Afro-Brazilian religious communities can collaborate to foster young peoples sexual health and ensure their access to comprehensive HIV prevention in their communities in Brazil. This article describes the process of a three-stage sexual health promotion and HIV prevention initiative that used a multicultural human rights approach to intervention. Methods included 27 in-depth interviews with religious authorities on sexuality, AIDS prevention and human rights training of 18 young people as research-agents, who surveyed 177 youth on the same issues using self-administered questionnaires. The results, analysed using a rights-based perspective on health and the vulnerability framework, were discussed in daylong interfaith workshops. Emblematic of the collaborative process, workshops are the focus of the analysis. Our findings suggest that this human rights framework is effective in increasing inter-religious tolerance and in providing a collective understanding of the sexuality and prevention needs of youth from different religious communities, and also serves as a platform for the expansion of state AIDS programmes based on laical principles.

Vulnerabilidade ao HIV: turismo e uso de álcool e outras drogas

OBJETIVO: Descrever situacoes de uso de alcool e outras drogas envolvendo turistas, e suas implicacoes para a vulnerabilidade ao HIV. METODOS: Estudo exploratorio e qualitativo conduzido em comunidades anfitrias do turismo do Vale do Ribeira, em Sao Paulo, no periodo de outubro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2003. A primeira etapa do estudo entrevistou 29 monitores de quatro comunidades anfitrias para levantar cenas de uso drogas envolvendo turistas. A segunda etapa consistiu de duas oficinas de trabalho, reunindo 77 entrevistados e profissionais de saude e educacao de dez comunidades para dramatizar as cenas levantadas nas entrevistas, compartilhar repertorios para lidar com essas situacoes e conhecer as formas de prevencao do HIV. RESULTADOS: As cenas evidenciaram que o uso de alcool e outras drogas pelos turistas ampliam a vulnerabilidade a transmissao do HIV ao favorecer as relacoes sexuais ocasionais sem preservativo e o assedio e abuso sexual. O trabalho de prevencao ao HIV nas comunidades anfitrias do turismo precisa levar em conta o consumo dessas substâncias, que dificulta a pratica do sexo seguro e, no caso do uso de drogas injetaveis de forma compartilhada, constitui fator de risco para a transmissao do virus. CONCLUSOES: O estudo forneceu elementos para ajudar a compreender como situacoes de uso de alcool e outras drogas inserem-se no cotidiano das comunidades anfitrias ampliando a vulnerabilidade ao HIV. O estudo produziu analise do contexto social de transmissao do virus, que pode subsidiar a elaboracao de programas de prevencao mais adequados a essas comunidades.

Religiosidade, juventude e sexualidade: entre a autonomia e a rigidez

Current article describes how religious young people and the religious authorities of their communities understand sexuality. Knowledge is based on personal experiences as well as members of a religious community. Analysis investigates the manner public policies devoted to the sexual health of young people take religiosity into account within the context of a lay state and within the context of the right to disease prevention. Twenty-six open and ha lf-structured interviews were undertaken in different communities (Catholic c ommunities, Umbanda, Candomble and different Evangelic denominations) of the metropolitan region of Sao Pa ulo SP Brazil. Interviews covered sexual initiation, marriage, pregnancy, contraception and STD/Aids prevention, homosexuality, abortion and human rights. It has been reported th at youth and religious authorities experience the tension between tradition and modernity and distinct discourses on sexuality. As religious subjects (of the religious discourse) and sexual su bjects (of sexuality discourses), they should be in tegrated into programs as subjects with their rights, within their own religiosi ty terms.Current article describes how religious young people and the religious authorities of their communities understand sexuality. Knowledge is based on personal experiences as well as members of a religious community. Analysis investigates the manner public policies devoted to the sexual health of young people take religiosity into account within the context of a lay state and within the context of the right to disease prevention. Twenty-six open and half-structured interviews were undertaken in different communities (Catholic communities, Umbanda, Candomble and different Evangelic denominations) of the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo SP Brazil. Interviews covered sexual initiation, marriage, pregnancy, contraception and STD/Aids prevention, homosexuality, abortion and human rights. It has been reported that youth and religious authorities experience the tension between tradition and modernity and distinct discourses on sexuality. As religious subjects (of the religious discourse) and sexual subjects (of sexuality discourses), they should be integrated into programs as subjects with their rights, within their own religiosity terms.

Breve histórico do pensamento psicológico brasileiro sobre relações étnico-raciais

The article describes three periods of the Brazilian psychological thinking about ethnic/racial relationships: the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, characterized by the consolidation of the Escola Nina Rodrigues, which investigated the psychological characteristics of slaves and former slaves, providing elements for setting the black as psychological subjects; from 1930 to 1950 the studies are characterized by the debate on the differences of social and cultural construction and deconstruction of biological determinism of race, and from 1990 onwards, characterized by the studies on “whitening” and “whiteness”. Using the historical approach, it was possible to draw a timeline identifying these moments of rupture and configuration of new knowledge in psychology: biological-causal, cultural and relational. The construction of this timeline sets an attempt to bring to the field of psychology a different perspective of discussion about the ethnic/racial thematic, thinking over the role of psychological theories and models.

Religiosity, young people and sexuality: between autonomy and rigidity

Current article describes how religious young people and the religious authorities of their communities understand sexuality. Knowledge is based on personal experiences as well as members of a religious community. Analysis investigates the manner public policies devoted to the sexual health of young people take religiosity into account within the context of a lay state and within the context of the right to disease prevention. Twenty-six open and ha lf-structured interviews were undertaken in different communities (Catholic c ommunities, Umbanda, Candomble and different Evangelic denominations) of the metropolitan region of Sao Pa ulo SP Brazil. Interviews covered sexual initiation, marriage, pregnancy, contraception and STD/Aids prevention, homosexuality, abortion and human rights. It has been reported th at youth and religious authorities experience the tension between tradition and modernity and distinct discourses on sexuality. As religious subjects (of the religious discourse) and sexual su bjects (of sexuality discourses), they should be in tegrated into programs as subjects with their rights, within their own religiosi ty terms.Current article describes how religious young people and the religious authorities of their communities understand sexuality. Knowledge is based on personal experiences as well as members of a religious community. Analysis investigates the manner public policies devoted to the sexual health of young people take religiosity into account within the context of a lay state and within the context of the right to disease prevention. Twenty-six open and half-structured interviews were undertaken in different communities (Catholic communities, Umbanda, Candomble and different Evangelic denominations) of the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo SP Brazil. Interviews covered sexual initiation, marriage, pregnancy, contraception and STD/Aids prevention, homosexuality, abortion and human rights. It has been reported that youth and religious authorities experience the tension between tradition and modernity and distinct discourses on sexuality. As religious subjects (of the religious discourse) and sexual subjects (of sexuality discourses), they should be integrated into programs as subjects with their rights, within their own religiosity terms.

O DISCURSO DA SUPREMACIA BRANCA E O ESPORTE: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DE TEXTOS E COMENTÁRIOS NA INTERNET

This article aims to analyze the persistence and the reproduction of white supremacy from comments sections on the internet about sport. We selected comments from five texts published between 2009 and 2016 about Tennis, elected due being historically a sport with hegemony of white athletes, and more specifically, due the performance of Serena Williams. As a result, we found that white supremacy is present in sports, even when there are no direct references to race-ethnicity, on delegitimizing accusations and on the gaze over white and black bodies and performances . Moreover, we considered that the sport is also a place of discursive production about white supremacy, since the emphasis on the biological and on cultural essentialisms encourages interpretations on the presence/absence and performance of white and black athletes which revisits political myths constructed by the scientific racism of the nineteenth century.

Pré-Iniciação Científica em Psicologia: Contribuição para a Formação Científica no Ensino Médio

This article aimed to study the relationship between political participation and territorial rooting among residents of a Quilombo located at the Ribeira Valley area (SP). The project was carried out within the Scientific Pre-Initiation Program of the University of Sao Paulo, and aimed to facilitate students of technical education in public schools to develop a complete research project, thus contributing to their scientific studies. During the program (that lasted for 12 months), students participated in all stages of the research: from the initial formulation of the issues investigated to the presentation of the project to the community leaders, including community visits to perform observations and interviews, interpretation of the data collected, and a final visit to the community in order to present the research results. Students and teachers were able to reflect about the relationship between the school and traditional communities in the region and achieved a significant improvement in educational activities. We conclude that the inclusion of Psychology in the high school curriculum has a formative value, both for the interdisciplinary possibilities that it presents as for the reflections on the relationship between the participants, their school and their physical, social and cultural environment that it favors.

Aniela Meyer Ginsberg y los estudios de raza/etnia y intercultura en Brasil

Este articulo resume las contribuciones de Aniela Meyer Ginsberg (1902-1986) para el estudio de las relaciones etnico- raciales e interculturales en Brasil. Su produccion en estos temas – incluyendo articulos, capitulos de libros y resumenes de congresos – fue nuestro principal objeto de interes. Bajo la influencia de la agenda anti-racista de lo post-guerra, los procesos intra y interculturales, las relaciones etnico-raciales y la migracion estan en el centro de sus investigaciones. Aniela es un personaje importante en la historia del pensamiento psicologico brasileno, sus estudios sobre la raza/etnia en Brasil se caracterizan por ser estudios intraculturales de la sociedad nacional y su amplia diversidad. La autora trato de deconstruir la vision determinista biologica de las razas/etnias y mostrar que es en la interaccion de los individuos con la sociedad que las diferencias pueden convertirse en desigualdades.

Aniela Meyer Ginsberg e os estudos de raça/etnia e intercultura no Brasil

Este articulo resume las contribuciones de Aniela Meyer Ginsberg (1902-1986) para el estudio de las relaciones etnico- raciales e interculturales en Brasil. Su produccion en estos temas – incluyendo articulos, capitulos de libros y resumenes de congresos – fue nuestro principal objeto de interes. Bajo la influencia de la agenda anti-racista de lo post-guerra, los procesos intra y interculturales, las relaciones etnico-raciales y la migracion estan en el centro de sus investigaciones. Aniela es un personaje importante en la historia del pensamiento psicologico brasileno, sus estudios sobre la raza/etnia en Brasil se caracterizan por ser estudios intraculturales de la sociedad nacional y su amplia diversidad. La autora trato de deconstruir la vision determinista biologica de las razas/etnias y mostrar que es en la interaccion de los individuos con la sociedad que las diferencias pueden convertirse en desigualdades.

Aniela Meyer Ginsberg and the studies of race/ethnicity and interculture in Brazil

Este articulo resume las contribuciones de Aniela Meyer Ginsberg (1902-1986) para el estudio de las relaciones etnico- raciales e interculturales en Brasil. Su produccion en estos temas – incluyendo articulos, capitulos de libros y resumenes de congresos – fue nuestro principal objeto de interes. Bajo la influencia de la agenda anti-racista de lo post-guerra, los procesos intra y interculturales, las relaciones etnico-raciales y la migracion estan en el centro de sus investigaciones. Aniela es un personaje importante en la historia del pensamiento psicologico brasileno, sus estudios sobre la raza/etnia en Brasil se caracterizan por ser estudios intraculturales de la sociedad nacional y su amplia diversidad. La autora trato de deconstruir la vision determinista biologica de las razas/etnias y mostrar que es en la interaccion de los individuos con la sociedad que las diferencias pueden convertirse en desigualdades.