Alexandre Rocha Valeriano

Produção e qualidade da forragem de capim-marandu fertiirrigada com dejetos líquidos de suínos

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fertilizacao com dejetos liquidos de suinos (DLS) nas caracteristicas agronomicas e bromatologicas da forragem de capim-marandu. Foram avaliados a produtividade de MS, o perfilhamento, o percentual de MS, PB, FDN e FDA e a digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos (adubacoes) e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos sao descritos a seguir: T1 - uso de calcario; T2 - adubacao com 100, 40 e 60 kg/ha de N P K; T3 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 1x/ano; T4 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 2x/ano); T5 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 3x/ano; T6 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 4x/ano; T7 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 5x/ano; T8 - 180 m3 de DLS/ha 1x/ano (in natura); T9 (testemunha) - fermentacao do DLS utilizado nos tratamentos 1, 2, 8 e 9 por, no minimo, 45 dias. As medias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott. Na calagem, utilizou-se alcario dolomitico na proporcao de 3 t/ha e, na adubacao quimica, 100, 40 e 60 kg/ha de N, P2O5 e K2O nas formas de sulfato de amonia supersimples e cloreto de potassio. Os cortes foram realizados a cada 45 dias. O numero de perfilhos/m2, a produtividade de MS e a qualidade da forrageira foram maiores com a utilizacao de DLS em dose unica nos primeiros cortes. As forrageiras dos tratamentos 3, 4, 8 e 9 apresentaram maiores teores de PB nos primeiros cortes, com medias de 9,6 a 13,7%. Os maiores teores de FDN foram obtidos no segundo corte (medias de 61,4 a 68,6%) e os menores de FDA foram encontrados com DLS 2x/ano e 5x/ano no primeiro corte (medias de 21,2 a 23,4%). Os tratamentos 3, 4 e 8 proporcionaram os maiores coeficientes de DIVMS no primeiro corte, com medias de 69,0 a 71,8%.

Chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silages treated with microbial inoculants.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of microbial additives containing heterofermentative or homofermentative bacteria on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane (Saccharum spp) silages. Sugar cane was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paracasei, L. brevis or L. buchneri previously isolated from sugar cane silages or commercial inoculants containing L. buchneri or L. plantarum. Silages were produced in laboratory silos (10 × 60 cm PVC tubes) and evaluated 90 days after ensiling. A randomized complete design was used with eight treatments (seven inoculants and control - without inoculant) and three replications. The inoculation with bacteria affected lactic acid bacteria, yeast populations, volatile fatty acids and ethanol contents in the silages. Inoculation with different strains of the same species of bacteria result in silages with different chemical and microbiological characteristics. Two of the L. buchneri strains show the best results in relation to silage quality.

Effect of the addition of Lactobacillus sp. in sugarcane silages

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de aditivos microbianos com bacterias heterofermentativas ou homofermentativas sobre as caracteristicas de silagens de cana-de-acucar (Saccharum spp.). A cana-de-acucar foi inoculada com as bacterias Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. paracasei (LPARA), L. brevis (LBREVIS), L.buchneri (LB), isoladas da silagem de canade-acucar, e tres inoculantes comerciais, dois contendo L. buchneri (Pioneer 11A44TM-LBP e Lalsil Cana-LBLC) e um, L. plantarum (Biomax®-LPB), e avaliada em comparacao a uma silagem controle (sem inoculante). Todos os inoculantes foram aplicados com populacao de 105 ufc da bacteria por g de forragem. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e tres repeticoes. O efeito da inoculacao sobre as caracteristicas bromatologicas foi variavel. A silagem contendo a bacteria L. plantarum apresentou maior teor de MS (32,6%), enquanto, para os outros inoculantes, nao houve diferenca, com media de 28,4%. Os teores de proteina bruta variaram de 3,6 a 4,9% e os de FDN, de 60,0 a 66,7%. As porcentagens de FDA, hemicelulose e cinzas foram semelhantes em todas as silagens. O consumo de carboidratos soluveis foi superior a 85% durante a fermentacao, para todas as silagens, o que resultou em pH em torno de 3,5. Os valores de pH e nitrogenio amoniacal para todas as silagens estiveram no padrao aceitavel para silagens de boa qualidade. Os inoculantes retardaram o aumento da temperatura, em aerobiose, conferindo maior estabilidade aerobia. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com os inoculantes LBLC, LB e LPB.

Uso de diferentes aditivos em silagem de capim-elefante

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de diferentes aditivos na ensilagem de Capim-Elefante. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos foram: T1(capim-elefante), T2 (capim-Elefante + 7% polpa citrica), T3 (capim-elefante + 7% raspa de batata), T4 (capim-elefante + 7% milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo MDPS), T5 (capim-elefante + 7% farelo de trigo), T6 (capim-elefante + aditivo biologico). Os tratamentos com aditivos secos (T1; T3; T4 e T5) apresentaram maiores valores de materia seca diferindo estatisticamente (p 0,05) entre os tratamentos, variando de 3,87 (T1) a 4,04 (T3). Houve diferenca significativa (p<0,05) para perda de gases, sendo maior nos tratamentos T2 e T5. Os demais tratamentos nao diferenciaram estatisticamente entre si. A perda por efluentes foi maior no tratamento T6 (57,30 kg/Ton. de MV). Para Proteina Bruta o tratamento T5 apresentou maior porcentagens e o tratamento T1 foi o de menor teor. Os tratamentos T1 (69,79% FDN) e T6 (70,52% FDN) apresentaram maiores valores de FDN. Os tratamentos T4 e T3 obtiveram menores valores de FDN. Quanto aos valores de FDA, os tratamentos T1 e T6 apresentaram maiores valores de FDA e os tratamentos T3 e T4 apresentaram menores valores. Para os valores de DIVMS variaram de 56,04% (T1) a 71, 13% (T3). A silagem de Capim Elefante sem aditivos e/ou com aditivo biologico utilizado neste experimento nao apresentou melhoria em sua qualidade.

Qualidade bromatológica das silagens de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) aditivadas com raspa de batata

Potato scrapings were mixed with sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) in the silage. Sugarcane was havested manually after a leveling cut had been done at a height of 10 cm from the soil surface. The mixtures of sugarcane and potato scrapings were made in the following ratios of natural matter: 100% and 0%; 93% and 7%; 86% and 14%; 79% and 21%; and 72% and 28% of sugarcane and potato scrapings, respectively. The plants were chopped into 2-3 cm particles and ensiled for 30 days in 10 cm wide x 40 cm high “PVC” silos. The following variables of the silage were evaluated: percentage of dry matter (DM), pH values, gas lossses, effluent losses, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The experimental design used was the completely randomized with four replications. The sugarcane silages added with potato scrapings exhibited higher percentages of DM and CP, higher values of pH, increase in the IVDDM, and a lower percentage of loss of gases, loss of effluent, NDF and ADF in dry matter with increasing levels of replacement. It was concluded that the dry potato scrapings added to the sugarcane in silage improved the chemical and nutritional characteristics of the silages.

Bromatologic quality of sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) silages supplemented with potato scrapings.

Potato scrapings were mixed with sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) in the silage. Sugarcane was havested manually after a leveling cut had been done at a height of 10 cm from the soil surface. The mixtures of sugarcane and potato scrapings were made in the following ratios of natural matter: 100% and 0%; 93% and 7%; 86% and 14%; 79% and 21%; and 72% and 28% of sugarcane and potato scrapings, respectively. The plants were chopped into 2-3 cm particles and ensiled for 30 days in 10 cm wide x 40 cm high “PVC” silos. The following variables of the silage were evaluated: percentage of dry matter (DM), pH values, gas lossses, effluent losses, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The experimental design used was the completely randomized with four replications. The sugarcane silages added with potato scrapings exhibited higher percentages of DM and CP, higher values of pH, increase in the IVDDM, and a lower percentage of loss of gases, loss of effluent, NDF and ADF in dry matter with increasing levels of replacement. It was concluded that the dry potato scrapings added to the sugarcane in silage improved the chemical and nutritional characteristics of the silages.

Bromatologic quality of sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) silages added with potato scrapings

Potato scrapings were mixed with sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) in the silage. Sugarcane was havested manually after a leveling cut had been done at a height of 10 cm from the soil surface. The mixtures of sugarcane and potato scrapings were made in the following ratios of natural matter: 100% and 0%; 93% and 7%; 86% and 14%; 79% and 21%; and 72% and 28% of sugarcane and potato scrapings, respectively. The plants were chopped into 2-3 cm particles and ensiled for 30 days in 10 cm wide x 40 cm high “PVC” silos. The following variables of the silage were evaluated: percentage of dry matter (DM), pH values, gas lossses, effluent losses, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The experimental design used was the completely randomized with four replications. The sugarcane silages added with potato scrapings exhibited higher percentages of DM and CP, higher values of pH, increase in the IVDDM, and a lower percentage of loss of gases, loss of effluent, NDF and ADF in dry matter with increasing levels of replacement. It was concluded that the dry potato scrapings added to the sugarcane in silage improved the chemical and nutritional characteristics of the silages.