Ali Khomsan

Relationship between nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation, and cognitive development in preschool children in Indonesia

The purposes of the study were to analyze nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation, and factors affecting the cognitive development of preschool-age children. This study was conducted in the Village of Babakan, Sub-District of Dramaga, Bogor Regency, West Java. This cross-sectionally designed study was conducted with mothers who had preschool children aged 3-5 years as respondents. Fifty-eight children were included. The distribution of mothers educational level was quite diverse, and the largest percentage (44.8%) had senior high school education. Approximately 78% of the family income per capita was classified into the non-poor category and 22.4% into the poor category. The average mothers nutritional knowledge score was 76.7 ± 2.5 (moderate category). Most of the preschool children (84.4%) had psychosocial stimulation scores in the moderate category (30-45). The nutritional status of children showed that 15.5% were underweight, 5.2% were wasted, 3.4% were severely wasted, and 19% of the children were in the short and very short categories (stunted). The stepwise regression results showed that psychosocial stimulation (P < 0.001), participation in early childhood education (P = 0.002) and nutritional status based on the height index for age (P = 0.028) had a positive and significant effect on cognitive development of the preschool children (adjusted R2, 0.434; P = 0.028).

High participation in the Posyandu nutrition program improved children nutritional status.

The objective of this research was to analyze nutritional status and food consumption of children participating in the Posyandu nutrition program. A total sample of 300 children under five years had been drawn. Sample was divided into two categories namely high participation and low participation in the Posyandu nutrition program. The sample was selected from two sub districts of Cianjur District, West Java. The districts were areas with a high proportion of poor people and many of them take the benefits of Posyandu nutrition program conducted by the government. The participation of children (under five years old) in visiting Posyandus was relatively good, namely, 92.4% (for the high participation group). However, for the low participation group, the number of participating children was relatively low (28.3%). The average consumption of energy for children under five years old was still below the recommended dietary allowance < 80% of RDA, whereas the protein consumption was already above the RDA. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children were respectively 30.0%, 43.7%, and 12.3%. The activities at Posyandus had a positive impact on the nutritional status of children under five years olds, measured in terms of weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H). The more frequent the visit to Posyandus, the better the nutritional statuses would be.

Vitamin D plus calcium supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D on reproductive age women workers

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the efficacy of calcium supplementation plus vitamin D on the improved concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and the blood pressure in working women of childbearing age. Methods The design used in this research was an experimental study (randomized control trial), with 39 subjects of women at childbearing age who met the inclusion criteria for the study. Subjects were randomly allocated into two treatment groups, the VDC group (400 IU of vitamin D plus 500 mg of calcium) and the VD group (400 IU of vitamin D). Supplements were consumed every day for 12 weeks. Results Prior to supplementation, the average level of serum 25(OH)D in the VDC group was (16.7 ± 4.5) ng/dL which was higher than the average level of serum 25(OH)D in the VD group which was (14.9 ± 5.1) ng/dL. After supplementation, the subjects of VDC group showed an average increased 3.6 ng/dL of serum 25(OH)D. The average increase of serum 25(OH)D in VD group was 6.3 ng/dL. The increase of serum 25(OH)D in VDC group was 21.6%, while in the VD group the increase was almost two times higher (42.3%) than that of the VDC group. Statistical test results showed that the average levels of serum 25(OH)D between the two treatment groups were significantly different. Conclusions The average systolic blood pressure prior to supplementation of the VDC group was (128.5 ± 22.5) mmHg which was slightly lower than that of the VD group [(131.1 ± 18.0) mmHg].

KONSUMSI IKAN PADA IBU HAMIL DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN OUTCOME KELAHIRAN

Konsumsi ikan ibu hamil yang rendah menjadi faktor risiko yang kuat pada kejadian persalinan prematur dan bayi berat lahir rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi outcome kelahiran. Penelitian ini didanai oleh Neys-van Hoogstraten Foundation . Desain penelitian ini adalah cohort study dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 41 di Kecamatan Lenteng dan 38 ibu hamil di Kecamtan Kalianget, Kabupaten Sumenep. Data usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, ukuran rumah tangga, berat badan pra-hamil, dan paritas ibu diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, tinggi badan ibu menggunakan microtoise, asupan energi menggunakan recall 2x24 jam, konsumsi ikan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire . Berat, panjang, dan lingkar kepala lahir bayi berdasarkan catatan bidan. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi pearson dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsumsi ikan ibu sebesar 61,8 gram. Rata-rata berat, panjang, dan lingkar kepala bayi lahir sebesar 3090,5 gram, 49,1 sentimeter, dan 33,3 sentimeter. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi ikan dan tinggi badan ibu dengan berat dan panjang lahir bayi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi ikan ibu dengan lingkar kepala lahir bayi. Konsumsi ikan dan tinggi badan ibu menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi berat lahir bayi. Konsumsi ikan menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi panjang dan lingkar kepala lahir bayi.

Is vitamin D deficiency associated with using veil in female garment workers

Abstract Objective To find out the determinant factors which are associated with the serum vitamin D status in the female garment workers. Methods This study was a cross sectional design with a total of 154 childbearing female garment workers aging from 18 to 40 who worked at garment factory in Sukabumi, Indonesia and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Serum 25(OH)D was determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing serum vitamin D status. Results The results of this study showed that on average serum 25(OH)D of the workers was 31.6 nmol/L and only 5.2% of them had a sufficient status of vitamin D. There were no different proportion among body mass index, supplement consumption, energy, protein, calcium, and vitamin D adequacy level with the serum vitamin D status of the workers. The workers who wore veils had a higher proportion to have a deficient serum vitamin D compared to workers who did not use veils ( P = 0.000). The women who wore veils had a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than the women who did not wear any veil. Conclusions A need of vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight. Therefore it is suggested that the garment provide an opportunity for the garment workers to do exercise in the morning so that the workers can get sunlight prior to working.

PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PRAKTEK GIZI IBU TERKAIT IODIUM DAN PEMILIHAN JENIS GARAM RUMAH TANGGA DI WILAYAH PEGUNUNGAN CIANJUR

The objective of this study was to assess the micronutrient and nutritional status among female adolescents having low birth weight history and normal birth weight history. Research design for this particular research was nested cohort in community level. Subjects was chosen by simple randomization, based on data collected by Frontiers for Health Foundation and Padjajaran University, Bandung. The measurement of micronutrients status (Hb, retinol plasma, and urinary iodine excretion), anthropometric, history of disease, semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire was collected to make comparison between female young adolescent with low birth weight and normal birth weight history. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and iodine deficiency among all subjects were 9.9%, 12.9%, and 40.7%, respectively. The mean concentration of blood hemoglobin, plasma retinol and iodine excretion were not significantly different between low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) group. Nutritional status, disease during the last three months, current nutritional status, food intake and onset of menstruation were not significantly different between group. In conclusion, micronutrient status, nutritional status, food intake and morbidity status in female adolescents with LBW and NBW history were not different.

POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN, KEBIASAAN MAKAN, DAN DENSITAS GIZI PADA MASYARAKAT KASEPUHAN CIPTAGELAR JAWA BARAT

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine food consumption patterns, eating habits, and its effect on the density of nutrient intake in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar a traditional village community in West Java. Cross–sectional design was implied for this study. A total of 65 eligible households participated in the study. Household’s food consumption data which were used to calculate nutrient density score and density of nutrient intake were collected using 24-hour recall. Nutrient density scores were calculated by using Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 to compare nutrient intake of food with Daily Value based on FAO standards. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that socio-economic factors most affecting iron density was age of husband. Meanwhile, food habits factor significantly affecting protein density was meal frequency. Food preference significantly affected on calcium density. Other socio-economic factors including family size, household income, and the amount of rice in rice barn; and socio-cultural factors of food taboos have no significant effect on density of nutrient intake. Nutrient intake from more variety foods should be increased to fulfill nutrient adequacy of individuals, especially girl adolescent and pregnant mothers who observed food taboos in this community. Keywords: density of nutrient intake, nutrient density, traditional community ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan dan kebiasaan makan serta pengaruhnya terhadap densitas asupan zat gizi pada masyarakat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar di Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan total subjek sebanyak 65 rumah tangga. Skor densitas zat gizi pangan dihitung menggunakan metode Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3. Analisis menggunakan regresi linear menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur suami berpengaruh terhadap densitas asupan zat besi rumah tangga. Salah satu variabel kebiasaan makan yaitu frekuensi makan rumah tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap densitas asupan protein rumah tangga, sedangkan preferensi pangan sayur-sayuran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap densitas asupan kalsium rumah tangga. Aspek sosial ekonomi rumah tangga lainnya meliputi besar keluarga, pendapatan perkapita, dan jumlah ketersediaan padi di dalam lumbung padi; serta salah satu aspek sosio-budaya pangan meliputi tabu makanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap densitas asupan zat gizi rumah tangga. Asupan zat gizi dari pangan lain sebaiknya lebih ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kecukupan zat gizi individu, khususnya individu yang mempraktikkan tabu makanan pada masyarakat tersebut. [Penel Gizi Makan 2014, 37(1): 33-42] Kata kunci: densitas asupan zat gizi, densitas zat gizi pangan, masyarakat tradisional