Ali Md Nadzalan

Designing Model of Career Path Development for National Football Development Program (NFDP): Directions, Issues, Challenges and Sources of Knowledge that Influence and Develop Coaching Expertise Level

The main purpose of this study is to propose a model formed towards the development of career paths of coaches involved in the National Football Development Program (NFDP) in Malaysia by identifying the development paths, directions, issues, challenges and knowledge sources that influence / form the level of expertise among the coaches. This is a qualitative study that used a developed design concept. Using a purposive sampling method, a total of five participants (coaches) from the NFDP were interviewed to determine the current and existing development direction. The findings showed that there are 9 issues and challenges outlined by the NFDP coaches and two forms of knowledge they have acquired throughout the PPBN program. Based on the issues and challenges faced by NFDP coaches and knowing what source of references used by the coaches, the direction of career development by NFDP coaches can eventually be formed from the data obtained. It is recommended that NFDP management can use the results of this study as a guideline and it is hope that the model proposed to improve the career path of the coaches can help in providing impact to the national football development through NFDP.

Relationship Between Muscle Architecture and Jumping Abilities Among Recreationally Active Men

The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between muscle architectures and jumping abilities. Thirty recreationally active men (mean age = 22.21 ± 1.59 years old) were recruited as study participants and underwent testing for muscle architecture and jumping abilities. Ultrasonography method was used to measure fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness of biceps femoris (BF) and vastus lateralis (VL) for muscle architecture variables. Vertical jump and standing long jump were tested for jumping abilities. Pearson Correlation was used to determine the relationship between all muscle architectures and the jumping abilities tested. Results showed that the muscle thickness and pennation angle of BF and the muscle thickness of VL were shown to be positively correlated while the fascicle length of VL was shown to be negatively correlated with vertical jump performance. Besides that, muscle thickness of BF and the pennation angle of VL and BF were shown to be positively correlated with standing long jump performance. Results demonstrated the advantages of having thicker and more pennated muscle fascicles in enhancing jumping abilities.

Metabolic Cost of Continuous Body Weight Circuit Training with Aerobic-Based Exercise Interval for Muscle Strength and Endurance on Young Healthy Adults

Metabolic cost and cardiorespiratory responses produced by a body weight circuit training program were assessed for the purpose of this study. Fourteen recreationally active males aged 22.57 ± 1.70 years old with body weight of 64.53 ± 8.79 kg and height of 1.68 ± 0.04 m were recruited. A body weight circuit training program was prescribed to all participants. The body weight resistance circuit was performed in a continuous mode, with a combination of aerobic-based exercise (cycling) each body weight exercises. Portable desktop metabolic analyzer with a face mask (mouthpiece) was used to assess cardiorespiratory responses during the performance. Lower post-exercise blood pressure level was recorded, with significant differences observed between the pre- and post-exercise data (p = 0.018). Heart rate response significantly increased after performing the exercise protocol (p = 0.001). Peak oxygen consumption recorded during the performance was 24.36 ± 2.53 ml/kg/min, peak amount of oxygen extracted by the lung from the air was 16.85 ± 0.45%, maximum heart rate recorded was 156.29 ± 12.65 bpm, and respiratory frequency was 34.39 ± 5.18 l/min. Metabolic cost based on energy expenditure recorded was 468.71 ± 66.84 kcal (estimated per hour), and the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) recorded was 6.86 ± 0.77. Albeit lesser total duration, continuous mode used to ensure the metabolic cost recorded was in accordance with other previous findings related to circuit-based training. Body weight circuit training with active recovery in between set is an excellent way of developing and maintaining overall physical fitness level.

Repeated Sprint Ability with Inclusion of Changing Direction among Veteran Soccer Players

This study was conducted to determine the repeated sprint ability (RSA) with the inclusion of changing direction among veteran soccer players. Twelve main players from a university veteran soccer team were recruited and were required to perform the RSA test in two conditions; i) without ball and ii) with ball. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to determine the mean score and the differences of sprint time, percentage of decrement score of sprinting (Sdec) and fatigue index (FI) between the two conditions. Both conditions demonstrated significantly drop in speed in the fifth sprint. Results showed sprint time, Sdec and FI were found to be significantly different between both conditions. Findings of this study demonstrated the important for specific training to sports for performance enhancement.

Kinematics Analysis of Dominant and Non-Dominant Lower Limb during Knee Strike among MuayThai Beginners

This study was conducted to determine and compare the kinematics of knee strike in MuayThai between dominant and non-dominant lower limb. Ten MuayThai beginners (mean age = 20 ± 1 years old) with less than one week experiences in MuayThai training were recruited and were asked to perform three trials of knee strikes for each leg (dominant and non-dominant). Joint angles and angular velocity of the movement were assessed for each trial. Repeated measure multivariate analyses of variances (MANOVA) were performed to compare the kinematics data between the dominant and non-dominant lower limb. Results showed no significant differences existed in all the joint kinematics examined between dominant and non-dominant lower limb. As the conclusion, MuayThai beginners demonstrated no differences of joint kinematics during knee strike between dominant and non-dominant lower limb.

Jump and Lunge Frequencies Analysis during Men’s Single Badminton Matches: Implications on Physical Conditioning Training

The objective of this study is to determine the jump and lunge frequencies performed during men’s single badminton matches during world class level tournament. Players’ jump frequencies were calculated in the whole matches. Lunge frequencies were presented in the position performed in the court. The findings of this study will be beneficial as it can be used as a reference for developing training program besides technical and tactical plan during real matches.