Alicia Garrido

Un modelo psicosociológico para el estudio de la salud mental

Resumen En este artículo presentamos un modelo explicativo de la salud mental. Para ello se ha adoptado un enfoque psicosociológico en el que se han tenido en cuenta las variables asociadas al deterioro psicológico que han mostrado su relevancia en investigaciones anteriores. A través de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales se analiza el peso que factores como los sucesos vitales estresantes, la alienación, la autoestima, el apoyo social percibido y las estrategias de afrontamiento tienen en la explicación del deterioro en la salud mental. Dichos factores tienen un papel mediador entre la posición social y el deterioro psicológico. Como conclusión se da cuenta de los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de 401 sujetos y su interpretación desde un enfoque centrado en un modelo de causación social.

Repertórios discursivos de estudantes universitários sobre cotas raciais nas universidades públicas brasileiras

This study investigates university students` discursive repertoires on affirmative actions. Participants (N=105) answered a written questionnaire about the implementation of racial quotas in public universities. Analyses using Alceste software found four discursive classes, sharing a strong opposition to racial quotas and which differ among them just in the type of arguments included in each one The first class emphasizes the lack of intellectual differences between black and white people; the second class emphasizes the idea that social inequalities between black and white Brazilians are the result of the prejudice against poor people, thus, the quotas should be social. The last classes show the concerned about the quality of education, arguing that this quota system could lower the intellectual level at the universities and what should be done is to improve the quality of primary and secondary education.Este estudo investiga os repertorios discursivos de estudantes universitarios sobre as acoes afirmativas. Os participantes (N= 105) responderam por escrito a uma pergunta sobre a implantacao de cotas raciais nas universidades publicas. As analises feitas a partir do software Alceste evidenciaram quatro classes discursivas, que compartilham uma forte oposicao as cotas raciais, diferenciando-se apenas em relacao ao argumento utilizado. A primeira classe enfatiza a inexistencia de diferencas intelectuais entre negros e brancos e, na segunda classe, vem a ideia de que as desigualdades sociais entre negros e brancos seriam produto do preconceito contra pobres, assim as cotas deveriam ser sociais. As duas ultimas classes compartilham a preocupacao com a qualidade do ensino, defendendo que o sistema de cotas poderia baixar o nivel intelectual das universidades e que o correto seria investir na melhoria do ensino fundamental e medio.

Explaining social discrimination: racism in Brazil and xenophobia in Spain

The present study investigates the arguments used by university students in order to explain social differences between social minorities and majorities. In Brazil, the issues investigated refer to White and Black people. In Spain, the reference is to native Spaniards and Moroccan immigrants. The participants were 144 Brazilians and 93 Spaniards, who answered a questionnaire composed of socio-demographic variables and one open question about the causes of social inequalities between Black and White people in Brazil and between autochthonous Spaniards and Moroccan Immigrants. A model is proposed to integrate the four discursive classes found using ALCESTE software. In Brazil, the strongest argument is based on the historical roots of the exploitation of Black people. In Spain, cultural differences are the main explanation for social inequalities.

Un análisis de la relación entre compromiso organizacional y valores

Resumen En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados de una investigación con la que se pretendió analizar la percepción que los miembros de una organización tienen de la cultura de la empresa, y evaluar en qué medida dicha percepción influye en el compromiso organizacional. El estudio se realizó en una empresa multinacional del sector de la energía y consistió en una encuesta por correo a una muestra de 1000 empleados seleccionados de forma aleatoria. A la hora de analizar los valores organizacionales se partió de la conceptualización de los valores de Schwartz (1994). Los datos obtenidos indican que en la percepción que los empleados tienen de los valores organizacionales priman las metas propias de la cultura empresarial tradicional, como la jerarquía y la conservación, mientras que los valores relacionados con la autonomía ocupan un lugar poco destacado. La forma en que se perciben los valores de la organización está asociada sobre todo al compromiso afectivo y en menor medida al normativo, pero no puede considerarse un antecedente del compromiso de permanencia.

Jealousy, Gender, and Culture of Honor: A Study in Portugal and Brazil

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine whether gender and culture of honor were associated with the type of infidelity (sexual or emotional) that affected our subjects more. Samples of 192 Portuguese university students (119 women and 73 men) and 415 Brazilian university students (214 men and 201 women) participated in this research. Participants responded to six dilemmas reflecting a type of infidelity (sexual or emotional), a gender scale, and a culture of honor scale. The results of both samples are compatible with the cultural theses about jealousy. Both men and women were more affected by emotional infidelity. In addition, it was found that the relationship between the sex of the participants and the type of infidelity that induced stress in them was affected by sociocultural variables, such as culture of honor, masculinity, and femininity. Some differences in the response patterns in the case of an infidelity, in both samples (Portuguese and Brazilian), are shown and discussed.

Repertorios discursivos de estudiantes universitarios sobre cuotas raciales en las universidades públicas brasilleñas

This study investigates university students` discursive repertoires on affirmative actions. Participants (N=105) answered a written questionnaire about the implementation of racial quotas in public universities. Analyses using Alceste software found four discursive classes, sharing a strong opposition to racial quotas and which differ among them just in the type of arguments included in each one The first class emphasizes the lack of intellectual differences between black and white people; the second class emphasizes the idea that social inequalities between black and white Brazilians are the result of the prejudice against poor people, thus, the quotas should be social. The last classes show the concerned about the quality of education, arguing that this quota system could lower the intellectual level at the universities and what should be done is to improve the quality of primary and secondary education.Este estudo investiga os repertorios discursivos de estudantes universitarios sobre as acoes afirmativas. Os participantes (N= 105) responderam por escrito a uma pergunta sobre a implantacao de cotas raciais nas universidades publicas. As analises feitas a partir do software Alceste evidenciaram quatro classes discursivas, que compartilham uma forte oposicao as cotas raciais, diferenciando-se apenas em relacao ao argumento utilizado. A primeira classe enfatiza a inexistencia de diferencas intelectuais entre negros e brancos e, na segunda classe, vem a ideia de que as desigualdades sociais entre negros e brancos seriam produto do preconceito contra pobres, assim as cotas deveriam ser sociais. As duas ultimas classes compartilham a preocupacao com a qualidade do ensino, defendendo que o sistema de cotas poderia baixar o nivel intelectual das universidades e que o correto seria investir na melhoria do ensino fundamental e medio.

University students' discursive repertoires about racial quotas in brazilian public universities

This study investigates university students` discursive repertoires on affirmative actions. Participants (N=105) answered a written questionnaire about the implementation of racial quotas in public universities. Analyses using Alceste software found four discursive classes, sharing a strong opposition to racial quotas and which differ among them just in the type of arguments included in each one The first class emphasizes the lack of intellectual differences between black and white people; the second class emphasizes the idea that social inequalities between black and white Brazilians are the result of the prejudice against poor people, thus, the quotas should be social. The last classes show the concerned about the quality of education, arguing that this quota system could lower the intellectual level at the universities and what should be done is to improve the quality of primary and secondary education.Este estudo investiga os repertorios discursivos de estudantes universitarios sobre as acoes afirmativas. Os participantes (N= 105) responderam por escrito a uma pergunta sobre a implantacao de cotas raciais nas universidades publicas. As analises feitas a partir do software Alceste evidenciaram quatro classes discursivas, que compartilham uma forte oposicao as cotas raciais, diferenciando-se apenas em relacao ao argumento utilizado. A primeira classe enfatiza a inexistencia de diferencas intelectuais entre negros e brancos e, na segunda classe, vem a ideia de que as desigualdades sociais entre negros e brancos seriam produto do preconceito contra pobres, assim as cotas deveriam ser sociais. As duas ultimas classes compartilham a preocupacao com a qualidade do ensino, defendendo que o sistema de cotas poderia baixar o nivel intelectual das universidades e que o correto seria investir na melhoria do ensino fundamental e medio.