Alina Kałużewicz

Effect of temperature on the yield and quality of broccoli heads.

Effect of Temperature on the Yield and Quality of Broccoli Heads The effect of temperature on the yield and quality of broccoli heads was determined. The study involved three cultivars: Cruiser, Skiff and Fiesta. The seedlings were planted on five different dates in 1995 and 1996, nine in 1997 and eight in 1998. The length of time from planting to the first harvest for all the 27 cultivation periods was divided into three equal parts determining in this way three phases of growth. The time of harvest was defined as the fourth phase. Temperatures on a scale from 0°C to 40°C were divided into five-degree ranges. Then, for the four growth phases, correlations were determined between the number of hours at a temperature in the five-degree ranges and the total yield, the percentage of loose heads and the percentages of heads with uneven surface or non-uniform buds. The length of time at a temperature in the range of 15-25°C during the first growth phase after planting and the phase preceding harvest had the greatest influence on total yield. Longer times at temperatures above 20°C contributed to smaller yields. The longer was the length of time at a temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C during the phase preceding harvest and at a temperature ranging from 5 to 15°C during harvest, the lower the percentage of heads with uneven surface was observed. Longer periods with temperatures above 20°C at harvest time contributed to the loosening of heads. Wpływ Temperatury na Wielkość i Jakość Plonu Brokuła Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu temperatury na wielkość i jakość plonu brokuła, Badaniami objęto trzy odmiany: Cruiser, Skiff i Fiesta, Rozsadę posadzono w pięciu terminach w latach 1995 i 1996, w dziewięciu w roku 1997 oraz w ośmiu terminach w roku 1998, Długość okresu od sadzenia do pierwszego zbioru w każdym z 27 terminów uprawy podzielono na trzy równe odcinki, wyznaczając w ten sposób trzy okresy wzrostu, Jako czwarty okres wzrostu wyznaczono okres zbiorów, Temperaturę w przedziale od 0°C do 40°C podzielono na pięciostopniowe zakresy, następnie obliczono korelacje między liczbą godzin temperatury w poszczególnych pięciostopniowych zakresach, występującą w czterech okresach wzrostu roślin, a wielkością plonu ogólnego oraz udziałem róż z nierówną powierzchnią, o niewyrównanych pąkach i luźnych. Największy wpływ na wielkość plonu miał czas trwania temperatury w zakresie 15-25°C w pierwszym okresie po posadzeniu roślin oraz w okresie poprzedzającym zbiór. Dłuższy okres występowania temperatury powyżej 20°C w okresie zbiorów sprzyjał uzyskaniu niższego plonu. Im dłuższy był czas występowania temperatury w granicach 20-25°C w okresie poprzedzającym zbiór oraz temperatury w zakresie 5-15°C w czasie zbioru róż, tym mniejszy był udział róż z nierówną powierzchnią, Występowanie przez dłuższy czas temperatury powyżej 20°C w okresie zbiorów sprzyjało rozluźnianiu się róż.

Suitability Of Sixteen Asparagus Cultivars For Growing In Polish Environmental Conditions

Abstract Green spear yield of 16 asparagus cultivars originating from six countries was assessed from 2011 to 2013. There were considerable differences in total, marketable and early yields between the cultivars. The quality of harvested spears also varied remarkably. On average, the highest mean total and marketable yields from 3 years of investigation came from Dutch cultivars ‘Gijnlim’ and ‘Cumulus’ and German cv. ‘Mondeo’. The lowest yields were found in New Zealand cultivars ‘Pacific Challenger’ and ‘Pacific 2000’. The greatest mean marketable spear weight was recorded for ‘Cumulus’, whereas the smallest spear weight was obtained from ‘Pacific 2000’, ‘H666’ and ‘NJ 953’. Cultivars ‘Gijnlim’, ‘Cumulus’ and ‘Mondeo’ produced the highest early yields, while ‘Pacific 2000’ and ‘Pacific Challenger’ produced the lowest. In order to determine the dependence between summer stalks size of tested cultivars in the preceding year and their yields in the following year, regression equations and their correlation coefficients were estimated. The size of summer stalks was expressed as plant growth index, which was the multiplication of height and total cross-sectional area of summer stalks. There was a significant and positive correlation between plant growth index of tested cultivars and their yields in the next vegetation period. The correlation coefficients between these two parameters amounted to 0.62 and 0.68 in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively

Effect of temperature on the growth of broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. italica plenck) cv. fiesta

Summary Three-year studies on the influence of temperature on vegetative growth and growth of broccoli heads (Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. Fiesta) were carried out at the Experimental Station “Marcelin” of Poznań University of Life Sciences in Poland. The relationship between temperature sum day-degree, number and area of leaves as well as head diameter was estimated. Likewise relationship between number and area of leaves and head diameter was established. The correlations were described using linear, curvilinear and segment linear regression. The relationship between temperature sum day-degree and number of leaves was linear, whereas the correlation between temperature and area of leaves and head diameter was curves function. On the basis of segment linear regression it was found that in the period when slow growth of heads was observed (the size of up to about 1.5 cm), the area of leaves increased the fastest. It occurred between the 24th and 27th day after planting. The fastest growth of broccoli heads was noted, when the plant had about 18 leaves and area 4900 cm2. In the period of rapid head growth, the increase of sum temperature of 100 day-degree resulted in head diameter increase by 3.5 cm. Streszczenie Doświadczenie, którego celem było określenie wpływu temperatury na wzrost brokuła, przeprowadzono w Katedrze Warzywnictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu w latach 1997-1999. Określono zależność między sumą temperatury a liczbą i powierzchnią liści oraz średnicą róży. Scharakteryzowano również zależność między liczbą i powierzchnią liści, a średnicą róży. Na podstawie regresji segmentowej stwierdzono, że w okresie wolnego wzrostu róży, następował najszybszy przyrost powierzchni liści, tj. między 24 a 27 dniem po posadzeniu. Najszybszy przyrost średnicy róży stwierdzono, gdy rośliny miały około 18 liści o powierzchni 4900 cm2. W okresie szybkiego przyrostu średnicy róży, przyrost sumy temperatury o każde 100 stopniodni powodował przyrost średnicy róży o 3,5 cm

Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) The research which aim was to characterise variability of economic traits of 28 asparagus cultivars was carried out in the Marcelin Experiment Station in the years 2004-2008. Variability of total and marketable yields, the mean weight of green spears as well as plant survival of all the 28 cultivars and separately of nine German and Dutch cultivars was evaluated. In addition, variability between harvest years of individual cultivars for total and marketable yields, mean spear weight in five and spear thickness in three selected harvest years was characterised. Variability between cultivars was found greater with respect to marketable and total yields expressed in the weight of harvested spears and smaller with respect to mean spear weight and total yield expressed in the number of harvested spears. Less productive cultivars exhibited the least consistent yields between individual harvest years and the worst plant survival. Higher yield consistency, mean spear weight and plant survival were observed in the group of German and Dutch cultivars. Zmienność Cech Użytkowych 28 Odmian Szparaga (Asparagus officinalis L.) Doświadczenie, którego celem było scharakteryzowanie zmienności cech użytkowych 28 odmian szparaga w uprawie na zielone wypustki przeprowadzono w Katedrze Warzywnictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu w latach 2004-2008. Określono zmienność pod względem wielkości plonu ogólnego, handlowego, średniej masy wypustki i przeżywalności roślin dla 28 odmian łącznie oraz osobno dla odmian niemieckich i holenderskich. Ponadto scharakteryzowano zmienność między latami zbiorów u poszczególnych odmian dla wielkości plonu ogólnego, handlowego i średniej masy wypustki w pięciu oraz grubości wypustek w trzech wybranych latach zbioru. Stwierdzono większe zróżnicowanie odmian pod względem plonu handlowego i ogólnego wyrażonego masą zebranych wypustek a mniejsze pod względem średniej masy wypustki i plonu ogólnego wyrażonego liczbą zebranych wypustek. Odmiany mniej plenne miały najmniej wyrównany plon między poszczególnymi latami zbioru i najmniejszą przeżywalność roślin. Większe wyrównanie plonu, średniej masy wypustki i przeżywalności było u grupy odmian niemieckich i holenderskich.

Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.)

Abstract There are about 40 species in the Pleurotus genus, including those with high economic significance, i.e. P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms are of high nutritional and health-promoting value. In addition, many species belonging to the Pleurotus genus have been used as sources of substances with documented medicinal properties, such as high-molecular weight bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, peptides and proteins) and low-molecular weight compounds (terpenoids, fatty acid esters and polyphenols). The bioactive substances contained in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus species exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidative properties. Their multidirectional positive influence on the human organism is the result of interaction of bioactive substances. Extracts from individual Pleurotus species can be used for the production of dietary supplements increasing the organism’s immunity. They are also used for the production of cosmetics. They can be added to functional foods as probiotics, or used as natural preservatives or ingredients of special foodstuffs for patients with specific diseases.

The influence of the strain, flush and size of carpophores on the yield and dry matter content of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach) carpophores

The aim of the experiment was to obtain information about the yield quantity and quality of 16 cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus. The ‘Somycel 516’ strain gave the highest yield, whereas the yield from the ‘Sylvan 130’ strain was the lowest. The ‘Hauser A1.5’ was characterised by the highest content of dry matter in all the three yield flushes. An equally high content of dry matter was in the first and second flush of the ‘Italspawn F 50’ strain and in the second flash of the strain ‘Italspawn F 62’. ‘Sylvan S100’, ‘Italspawn F 56’, ‘Irlandzka 501’, ‘Amycel 104’ and ‘Le Lion X13’ were the strains with the lowest content of dry matter in all of the three yield flushes. The size of the carpophores had significant influence on the dry matter content. In the all three flushes, the carpophores with diameter 4.6–5.5 cm were characterized by the lowest dry matter content.

Changes of the colour, total sugar content and respiration rate of broccoli heads during short-term storage

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term storage (24–96 h) at different temperatures (3°C, 16°C and 21°C) on the colour, respiration rate and total soluble sugar content in broccoli heads. The respiration rate of broccoli heads was also measured at 21°C during 24 h. The results of the study revealed that the colour change (hue angle and L) was the highest in the broccoli heads kept at 3°C after one-day storage. On the fourth day of storage the hue value decreased at 21°C and brightness decreased at 3°C. The respiration rate, measured at 21°C during 24 h, was the highest during the first three hours, later it decreased, and between 10 and 24 h it was almost at the same level. The respiration rate measured on the day of harvest at 16°C and 21°C were almost five times higher than at 3°C. After the 24 and 96 h of storage, the respiration rate was similar at each of the three storage temperatures. There was a significant decrease in the total soluble sugar content only after 96 h of storage at the temperature of 21°C.