Aline Beckmann de Castro Menezes

Diferenças de gênero na preferência de pares e brincadeiras de crianças

O dimorfismo sexual na preferencia de pares e brincadeiras infantis e registrado desde idades precoces. Criancas com padroes atipicos do seu sexo tendem a apresentar dificuldades de socializacao. Investigaram-se tais preferencias utilizando dois instrumentos padronizados: Entrevista Estruturada de Preferencias de Parcerias e Estilos de Brincadeiras e Desenho da Figura Humana. Participaram 234 criancas, de 9 a 11 anos, sendo 120 do sexo feminino. Observou-se correlacao elevada entre o sexo da crianca e o sexo do par preferido, bem como com brincadeiras tipicas do seu sexo e o sexo da pessoa desenhada corroborando dados similares obtidos pela literatura internacional. Conclui-se que criancas entre 9 e 11 anos apresentam predominância de padroes tipicos de genero sem que os mesmos sejam rigidos.

Relação entre gênero e orientação sexual a partir da perspectiva evolucionista

This study addresses the relationship between gender and sexual orientation from the interacionist perspective of Evolutionary Psychology and the analysis of various aspects of human sexuality. This article aimed to discuss existing literature about gender and sexual orientation, based on four questions of Ethology. Its proposed that sexual orientation has multiple origins, and that one of those is related to typical patterns of gender and gender identity. This would lead to identification with same-sex or opposite-sex individuals, and hence, to the attraction for the group different from the one to which identification was established. This approach integrates biological pre-dispositions to the analysis of cultural influences, understanding, as complementary, theoretical views that are usually stated as contradictory.

Compreendendo as diferenças de gênero a partir de interações livres no contexto escolar

Understanding gender differences through free interactions at scholar environment. Evolutionary Psychology considers that gender differences in play are a result of cultural influences upon pre-dispositions selected in the species. The compatibility of these differences with theoretical prevision was investigated. Seventy three six/seven years old students of private schools were recorded in four 30 minutes sessions. Playful behavior frequency and playmate choice were counted. Later, 21 children were asked about favourite plays and how they classified those plays accordingly to gender patterns. Both sexes participated in similar activities but their interactions were mostly restricted to members of the same sex. It was also observed that there were topographic differences in the way they played, accordingly to sex. The interviews, as shown in the literature, allowed to identify that the speech and the behavior observed were different, with a higher cultural influence upon the speech.

Discriminações condicionais após treino de pareamento consistente de estímulos complexos

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a formacao de discriminacoes condicionais atraves de um procedimento de treino por pareamento consistente de estimulos complexos. Na Fase 1, com quatro universitarios, foi realizado o treino AF, BE e DC envolvendo estimulos modelos e de comparacao simples e reforcamento diferencial explicito. Na Fase 2, houve o treino AB-E/F e AD-C/F, com modelos complexos e estimulos de comparacao simples num formato de pareamento consistente. Apos isso, os participantes foram expostos aos testes de transitividade e de equivalencia. Na Fase 3, os treinos AB-E/F e AD-C/F foram desmembrados (simplificados) em AB-E; AB-F; AD-C; AD-F, e reaplicados os mesmos testes. Todos os participantes formaram as relacoes condicionais e dois deles formaram as relacoes emergentes, anterior e posterior ao desmembramento dos treinos. Os resultados sugerem que esse desmembramento foi um procedimento adequado para reverter o controle restrito de estimulo.

Reflexão sobre a homossexualidade como subproduto da evolução do prazer

Homosexual behavior in animal species has been seen as a challenge to the evolution theory. Although a nonreproductive response, homosexuality persists in the species. Several hypotheses on homosexuality’s evolutionary advantages have been proposed by many authors but they all contain contrary aspects, at least when human beings are concerned. Current suggestion states that since homosexuality is not genetically determined, no survival value is required. Homosexual behavior pattern would be an evolutionary byproduct of pleasure as an essential consequence of the sexual act to favor reproduction and to maintain links between partners. Although still a preliminary proposal, the statement pinpoints new trends in interpretation and investigation within the relationship between homosexuality and evolutionism.

Mapeamento de competências do psicólogo escolar

Abstract This article aimed to perform the mapping of skills of the school psychologist. For that, a survey and analysis of bibliographical production and official documents were carried out to discuss its performance. During the analysis, competencies assessed as necessary for the performance of this professional were suggested and described and after this, the frequency with which the competencies appeared in the several analyzed publications was counted and organized. From the identification of several performance models, categories were created in which the corresponding competencies were established. The large number of competencies identified and the need to create categories suggest a lack of clarity regarding the performance of the school psychologist. It was also noticed an increase in the number of works elaborated in the last decade in the attempt to delimit the performance of this professional. Keywords: School Psychology; psychologist performance; competence. Mapeo de competencias del psicologo escolar

Discriminacoes condicionais apos treino de pareamento consistente de estimulos complexos com atraso

Abstract Conditional discrimination following complex stimulus consistency training with delay . The aim of thisinvestigation was to assess the formation of conditional discriminations by means of a procedure involvingcomplex stimulus training with delay. In phase I five university students received a pretraining TX trialfollowed by AE, BF and DC acquisition training involving matching-to-sample and simple comparison. Inphase II a pretraining N–O/P, the training AB-E/F, and AD-C/F, with consistency training. These trainingtrials were interspersed with EF/FE, CF/FC, and BD/DB transitivity and equivalence tests following complexmatching-to-sample and simple comparison. In phase III AB-E/F and AD-CF trials occurred jointly with AB- E , AB- F and AD- C sequences, followed by transitivity and equivalence tests. All of the respondents formedconditional relations involving simple and complex matching-to-sample, albeit with variability across thetrials. Variation was also present in the formation of emergent relations. These results suggest that, in spiteof the variability, the procedures produced conditional discrimination leading to the formation of equivalentstimulus classes. In future research the identification of the most efficient forms of stimulus control is deemednecessary

Reflexión sobre la homosexualidad como subproducto de la evolución del placer

Homosexual behavior in animal species has been seen as a challenge to the evolution theory. Although a nonreproductive response, homosexuality persists in the species. Several hypotheses on homosexuality’s evolutionary advantages have been proposed by many authors but they all contain contrary aspects, at least when human beings are concerned. Current suggestion states that since homosexuality is not genetically determined, no survival value is required. Homosexual behavior pattern would be an evolutionary byproduct of pleasure as an essential consequence of the sexual act to favor reproduction and to maintain links between partners. Although still a preliminary proposal, the statement pinpoints new trends in interpretation and investigation within the relationship between homosexuality and evolutionism.

Homosexuality as a byproduct of the evolution of pleasure

Homosexual behavior in animal species has been seen as a challenge to the evolution theory. Although a nonreproductive response, homosexuality persists in the species. Several hypotheses on homosexuality’s evolutionary advantages have been proposed by many authors but they all contain contrary aspects, at least when human beings are concerned. Current suggestion states that since homosexuality is not genetically determined, no survival value is required. Homosexual behavior pattern would be an evolutionary byproduct of pleasure as an essential consequence of the sexual act to favor reproduction and to maintain links between partners. Although still a preliminary proposal, the statement pinpoints new trends in interpretation and investigation within the relationship between homosexuality and evolutionism.