Marcelo Quintino Galvão Baptista

Relaçöes de equivalência após treino com pareamento consistente de estímulos sob controle contextual

Alguns estudos tem produzido relacoes condicionais que se mostraram tambem equivalentes, atraves do treino com pareamento consistente de estimulos. O presente estudo buscou verificar se essas relacoes podem ocorrer tambem sob controle contextual. Quatro universitarios foram submetidos ao treino AB, AC e AD, intercalado aos testes de simetria correspondentes BA, CA e DA. Em seguida, ao treino AD e ao teste de simetria DA sob controle contextual. Por ultimo, foram testadas as relacoes de equivalencia BC, CB, BD, DB, CD e DC, na ausencia de estimulos contextuais, e DB e DC, com estimulos de contexto. Os participantes alcancaram o criterio de acerto em todos os treinos. Tres participantes apresentaram as relacoes simetricas, na ausencia de estimulos contextuais, e a relacao DA, em sua presenca. Estes resultados replicam e expandem estudos anteriores, mostrando que mesmo sem consequencias diferenciais, e possivel obter um desempenho consistente sob controle condicional de segunda ordem.

Variáveis de Procedimentos de Ensino e de Testes na Construção de Sentenças com Compreensão

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of two teaching procedures for comprehension and composition of sentences with children. In the Study 1, five children were exposed to conditional relations training, equivalence tests, training through response chaining, sentences production tests, connectivity tests and reading with comprehension tests. In the Study 2, four children were exposed only to the training through response chaining and subsequent tests. Three sets of stimuli were used: drawings, upper case words and lower case words. In both studies, all participants produced the new sentences, but reading with comprehension was observed only in the Study 1. These results demonstrated the emergency of new sentences. It is concluded that the used stimuli were functionally equivalents.

Discriminações condicionais após treino de pareamento consistente de estímulos complexos

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a formacao de discriminacoes condicionais atraves de um procedimento de treino por pareamento consistente de estimulos complexos. Na Fase 1, com quatro universitarios, foi realizado o treino AF, BE e DC envolvendo estimulos modelos e de comparacao simples e reforcamento diferencial explicito. Na Fase 2, houve o treino AB-E/F e AD-C/F, com modelos complexos e estimulos de comparacao simples num formato de pareamento consistente. Apos isso, os participantes foram expostos aos testes de transitividade e de equivalencia. Na Fase 3, os treinos AB-E/F e AD-C/F foram desmembrados (simplificados) em AB-E; AB-F; AD-C; AD-F, e reaplicados os mesmos testes. Todos os participantes formaram as relacoes condicionais e dois deles formaram as relacoes emergentes, anterior e posterior ao desmembramento dos treinos. Os resultados sugerem que esse desmembramento foi um procedimento adequado para reverter o controle restrito de estimulo.

Treino sem conseqüências diferenciais: importância conceitual, metodológica e algumas implicações educacionais

In this article we review the principal findings from a series of studies about conditional discrimination training without differential consequences, which have been conducted in our laboratory with human participants who had no previous experience as research subjects. We seek to describe the procedures utilized and discuss the results obtained with reference to conceptual and methodological aspects which these studies share in common. In particular, we focus on reinforcement (in terms of its temporal schedule), and alternative sources of control (Sample-Sc and Sample-Si matching, as well as reexposure to the training trials). Finally, we draw a relationship between the procedural routine and the role of teachers in the classroom, and suggest some educational implications which may be involved in the programming and implementation of instructional strategies.

Discriminacoes condicionais apos treino de pareamento consistente de estimulos complexos com atraso

Abstract Conditional discrimination following complex stimulus consistency training with delay . The aim of thisinvestigation was to assess the formation of conditional discriminations by means of a procedure involvingcomplex stimulus training with delay. In phase I five university students received a pretraining TX trialfollowed by AE, BF and DC acquisition training involving matching-to-sample and simple comparison. Inphase II a pretraining N–O/P, the training AB-E/F, and AD-C/F, with consistency training. These trainingtrials were interspersed with EF/FE, CF/FC, and BD/DB transitivity and equivalence tests following complexmatching-to-sample and simple comparison. In phase III AB-E/F and AD-CF trials occurred jointly with AB- E , AB- F and AD- C sequences, followed by transitivity and equivalence tests. All of the respondents formedconditional relations involving simple and complex matching-to-sample, albeit with variability across thetrials. Variation was also present in the formation of emergent relations. These results suggest that, in spiteof the variability, the procedures produced conditional discrimination leading to the formation of equivalentstimulus classes. In future research the identification of the most efficient forms of stimulus control is deemednecessary