Aline Tatiane Nunes da Rosa

Concentrate supplementation for beef heifers on cool-season cultivated pastures

Com o objetivo de avaliar as relacoes nao-aparentes em estudos individuais foram analisadas em conjunto variaveis provenientes de nove experimentos realizados com diversos niveis e tipos de suplementos para novilhas de corte em pastagens cultivadas de estacao fria. Os dados foram estratificados em dois grupos: com e sem suplemento concentrado. A massa de forragem e a oferta de lâminas foliares, assim como a estrutura do dossel (altura e relacao folha:colmo), foram semelhantes entre os grupos com e sem suplementacao. As novilhas que receberam suplemento consumiram pasto com menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro e apresentaram maior ganho medio diario. A suplementacao aumentou em 33,3% o consumo total de materia seca. Para cada kg consumido de MS do concentrado, o consumo de MS do pasto reduziu 0,7 kg. A eficiencia de transformacao da forragem foi semelhante entre os grupos com ou sem suplementacao, com valor medio de 9,5 kg de MS da forragem/kg de peso corporal ganho. As novilhas que receberam suplemento ingeriram 6,4 kg de MS do suplemento a cada kg de ganho adicional. O uso de suplemento concentrado permitiu o aumento da taxa de lotacao e do ganho de peso por area. Novilhas sob suplementacao com concentrado apresentam maiores pesos corporais, maiores alturas de cernelha e maiores escores de condicao corporal no final do periodo de utilizacao da pastagem.

Morphogenesis of native grasses of Pampa Biome under nitrogen fertilization

Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the native grasses of the Pampa Biome Andropogon lateralis, Aristida laevis, Axonopus affinis, Erianthus angustifolius, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum plicatulum, Piptochaetium montevidense and Sorghastrum pellitum were evaluated as to the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization (zero and 100 kg N/ha). The experimental design was of randomized blocks with three replicates in a 8 × 2 (native grasses × N) factorial arrangement. Accumulated thermal sums of 350 and 700 degree days determined the interval between cuts for prostrate and caespitose growth habit species, respectively. Species considered of resource conservation (A. laevis, E. angustifolius, P. plicatulum and S. pellitum) had the highest leaf elongation rate when they received N. For leaf appearance rate, phyllochron, leaf senescence rate, leaf lifespan, number of green leaves and final length of leaf blades, there was difference between the evaluated species.

Comportamento de pastejo e ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em pastagens de milheto e papuã

It was studied performance, behavior and forage ingestion by beef heifers on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) and Alexander grass (Urochloa plantaginea) pastures from January to April 2008. The continuous grazing method with a variable number of animals was used. Forage ingestion was estimated during vegetative and reproductive stage of forage plants using chromic oxide as fecal production marker. Evaluations of behavior were carried out by visual observation in four 24-hour continuous periods. Mean values of forage mass, forage offer and leaf blade offer were 3,927 kg/ha of DM, 14.6 kg of DM/100 kg BW and 3.36 kg of DM/100 kg BW, respectively. The variables of the pasture, animal performance, ingestive behavior and forage intake were similar for pearl millet and alexander grass. Variables of forage, animal performance and grazing times, idle and rumination and number of bites per day showed variation over days of pasture utilization. Forage ingestion was 2.49% of the body weight and it did not vary according to phenological stage. Use of sites infested with alexander grass as pastures provides performance similar to the one obtained with pearl millet.

Productivity and reproductive performance of grazing beef heifers bred at 18 months of age

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance and body development of beef heifers reared from 15 to 18 months of age on Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), Alexandergrass pasture (Urochloa plantaginea) or native pasture invaded by Annoni-2 grass (Eragrostis plana Nees). The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, with three treatments and two replications. The grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate in order to maintain the sward height at 40 cm. Masses of leaf, stem and dead material, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were similar between Pearl millet and Alexandergrass. Average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per hectare, body weight, body condition score, weight-to-height ratio and reproductive tract score of the heifers kept on annual summer pastures (Pearl millet or Alexandergrass) were superior, compared with the heifers on Annoni-2 grass pasture.

Consumo de forragem por cordeiras suplementadas em pastagem de milheto

This research evaluated the influence of different levels of supplement (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% in relation to the live weight (LW)) on the forage intake of beef lambs, in Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) pasture. The forage intake was conditioned by the levels of supplement only at the beginning of the pasture utilization (days 1-21), with maximum ingestion of dry matter when lambs received supplement at the ratio of 0.84% of the LW. The influence of the levels of supplement on the daily weight gain and live weight gain was observed only in the half and in the end of the cycle of the pasture (days 22-64).The intake and performance of lambs in Pearl millet are more dependent on the phenological stage of the pasture rather than the level of supplement received.

Consumo de forragem e desempenho de novilhas de corte recebendo suplementos em pastagem de azevém

The performance, behavior and forage intake of grazing beef heifers at two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pre-flowering and flowering, were studied. The heifers remained exclusively on pasture or receiving corn grain or extruded supplement plus fat. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x2 arrangement (three feeding systems x two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass). The forage intake was evaluated using chromic oxide as a faecal production indicator. Mean values of herbage mass and leaf allowance were 1636kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 2.3kg of DM 100kg-1 live weight (LW), respectively. Heifers kept exclusively on pasture consumed more grass without difference of those receiving fat. Heifers exclusively on pasture presented greater daily bite rate. The forage and total DM intake, which averaged 2.74 and 3.01% of LW, respectively, are similar at pre-flowering and flowering of ryegrass. The total forage DM intake and the grazing, rumination and idling times of beef heifers receiving supplements are similar to the use of the ryegrass exclusively, resulting in similar individual performance of heifers.

Recria de bezerras de corte em pastagem de azevém sob frequências de suplementação

This research aimed to evaluate the performance of beef heifers submitted to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) pasture and under differents supplementation frequencies: exclusively on Italian ryegrass pasture; supplemented seven days/week and supplemented five days/week (Monday to Friday). The weekly amount of supplement (17% CP, 71% TDN) was similar for heifers daily supplemented and supplemented five days a week. The method used was of continuous grazing with variable stocking rate in a complet randomized design with three treatments and two area replication. The stocking rate is greater when animals are supplemented, regardless of supplementation frequency. The average daily weight gain, body condition score and live weight gain per area were similar among supplementation strategies. The reducion of supplementation frequency has no negative effects on animal performance and may be an option for feed management of herd.

Desenvolvimento de bezerras de corte após a desmama sob níveis de concentrado

It was evaluated the performance of beef heifers receiving different levels of supplement: 0; 0.3; 0.6 and 0.9% of body weight day-1, in black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) plus Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and two area replicates. Beef heifers from different treatments had access to the same forage allowance (herbage mass and supply of green leaves). Increases on supplement quantity positively interfered on average daily gain, stocking rate, weight gain per area and forage transformation efficiency. Supplemented heifers had greater weight and body condition at 13 months of age than the non supplemented ones. In black oats plus Italian ryegrass pasture, providing up to 0.9% of body weight of the animal concentrate supplementation is an alternative for obtaining heavier heifers and in better body condition score.

Leaf tissues flows of alexandergrass grazed by heifers under different supplementation frequencies

The effects of several supplementation frequencies on forage use (leaf tissue flow, intensity and frequency of defoliation) in Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) were evaluated. The heifers remained exclusively on pasture or received whole oat grain seven days/week or five days/week (Monday to Friday). The weekly amount of supplement was similar for both frequencies. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, with three treatments and two area replications. Leaf tissue flow, frequency and intensity of defoliation are similar when heifers remain exclusively on Alexandergrass pasture or receive oat grain on different frequencies.

Padrões de comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras recebendo ou não suplemento em pastagem de milheto

The ingestive behavior and displacement and forage searching patterns of female lambs in Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) were evaluated when lambs were kept exclusively on Pearl millet pasture and on pearl millet pasture receiving supplement. The supplement used was a commercial ration given daily at 17h. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two area replicates. The animals that received supplement reduced the grazing time and increased the idling time. The intake, displacement and forage searching patterns were influenced by changing on pasture structure along the Pearl millet stage of development and were not modified by supplement supply.