Allan da Mata Godois

Perda hidrica e pratica de hidratacao em atletas de futebol

INTRODUCAO: Atletas de futebol sofrem grande estresse fisiologico durante os treinos. As caracteristicas da atividade associadas as condicoes climaticas desfavoraveis podem provocar desidratacao intensa resultando em reducao de desempenho fisico. OBJETIVO: Estimar o percentual de desidratacao de atletas futebolistas durante sessoes de treino na cidade de Cuiaba-MT, Brasil. METODOS: Os dados foram coletados nas instalacoes do centro de treinamento da equipe. Participaram do estudo 17 atletas profissionais do sexo masculino (idade = 21,53 ± 1,19 anos; peso=71,99±7,66 kg; estatura=1,76±0,08m; IMC=23,31±1,69kg/m²). Foram analisadas as pesagens de pre e pos-treino em dois dias nao consecutivos de treino (A e B) e pela perda de peso ocorrida, obteve-se a diferenca de massa corporal (ΔMC); tambem se anotou toda a ingestao de liquidos. Os dados registrados foram aplicados as formulas especificas para analise. RESULTADOS: O ΔMC entre a medida inicial e a medida final do treino A foi de 1,08 ± 0,45 kg, ja a do treino B foi de 0,85 ± 0,47kg, representando 1,5 ± 0,63% e 1,19 ± 0,59% de desidratacao, respectivamente. O volume de liquido ingerido foi de 2.591 ± 440 ml no treino A e de 926 ± 356 ml no treino B. A pratica do futebol reduziu a massa corporal dos atletas apos o treino, indicando que houve desidratacao. CONCLUSAO: Apesar da oferta constante de agua aos jogadores, observamos que a reposicao hidrica ad libitum nao foi suficiente para manter o estado eu-hidratado de todos os atletas.

Effects of Glutamine and Alanine Supplementation on Central Fatigue Markers in Rats Submitted to Resistance Training

Recent evidence suggests that increased brain serotonin synthesis impairs performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise and specific amino acids may modulate this condition, delaying fatigue. This study investigated the effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on central fatigue markers in rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats were distributed in: sedentary (SED), trained (CON), trained and supplemented with alanine (ALA), glutamine and alanine in their free form (G + A), or as dipeptide (DIP). Trained groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise for eight weeks, with progressive loads. In the last 21 days, supplementations were offered in water with a 4% concentration. Albeit without statistically significance difference, RT decreased liver glycogen, and enhanced the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), hypothalamic serotonin, and ammonia in muscle and the liver. Amino acids affected fatigue parameters depending on the supplementation form. G + A prevented the muscle ammonia increase by RT, whereas ALA and DIP augmented ammonia and glycogen concentrations in muscle. DIP also increased liver ammonia. ALA and G + A reduced plasma FFA, whereas DIP increased this parameter, free tryptophan/total tryptophan ratio, hypothalamic serotonin, and the serotonin/dopamine ratio. The supplementations did not affect physical performance. In conclusion, glutamine and alanine may improve or impair central fatigue markers depending on their supplementation form.

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Brazilian athletes: Food Frequency Questionnaire for athletes

AIM Until recently most dietary survey methods have been developed for non-athletic populations. In this study, we aimed to develop a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the regular dietary intake of Brazilian athletes. METHODS We interviewed 141 athletes (23.36 ± 7.77 years old) for their dietary intake using 24-hour recalls. After grouping conceptually similar food items into 113 food items, percentage contribution analysis and stepwise regression models were used to highlight foods contributing to at least 90% of the between-person variability of key nutrients. RESULTS The developed FFQ contained 59 foods which were important predictors of the variance in nutrient intake. Vitamin C and pyridoxine had the lowest number of selected foods. Conversely, 13 food items were required to explain the between-person variation for energy, carbohydrate and magnesium intake. CONCLUSIONS Using a multiple regression analysis we developed a 59-food item questionnaire, which includes culturally specific food items and may represent an important dietary tool to analyse athletic populations. Reproducibility and validity of this FFQ will be verified in future research.

Effects of Glutamine and Alanine Supplementation on Adiposity, Plasma Lipid Profile, and Adipokines of Rats Submitted to Resistance Training

ABSTRACT Glutamine and alanine are lipogenic and could prevent the effects of resistance training (RT) in reducing adiposity and modulating lipid profile. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT and glutamine and alanine supplementation, in their free or conjugated form, on relative epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight, plasma lipid profile, and adipokines in EAT. Thirty Wistar rats, aged two months, were distributed into five groups: control (CTRL), trained (TRN), trained and supplemented with alanine (ALA), glutamine and alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP). Trained groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise for eight weeks, with progressive load increase. Supplementations were offered in a solution with a concentration of 4% in the last 21 days of training. Food consumption and body weight gain were decreased in the TRN group compared with CTRL. RT also reduced relative EAT and BAT weight, while supplementations, especially with ALA, increased adipose tissue mass. RT reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (TRN vs. CTRL), whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased TC and LDL-c, impairing lipid profile modulation by physical exercise. RT did not affect the concentrations of adipokines in EAT, but DIP supplementation increased interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL-10. In conclusion, RT reduced adiposity and modulated lipid profile, whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased adiposity and impaired lipid profile but increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in EAT.

Pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players:

Background: Despite the well-documented importance of nutrition in optimizing performance and health, the dietary intake of soccer players has attracted little attention. Aim: We aimed to assess the pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players and its adequacy in macro and micronutrients. Methods: The pre-season dietary intake of 19 male athletes was assessed using a semi-structured 3-day food record. To determine dietary adequacy and excess, energy and macronutrient intake were compared with the Brazilian dietary reference values for athletes, and micronutrients were compared with the Estimated Average Requirement – EAR (minimum recommendation) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level – UL (maximum recommendation). Results: Mean daily energy intake (40.74±12.81 kcal/kg) was adequate. However, there was a low carbohydrate intake (5.44±1.86 g/kg/day) and a high amount of protein and fat (1.91±0.75 and 1.27±0.50 g/kg/day, respectively). Sodium intake (3141.77±939.76 mg/day) was higher than UL (2300 mg/day), while the majority of players showed daily intake of vitamin A (74%), vitamin D (100%), folate (58%), calcium and magnesium (68%) below the EAR (625, 10 and 320 µg/day, 800 and 330 mg/day, respectively). Conclusion: The dietary intake of professional soccer players was adequate in energy, but inadequate in macro and micronutrients, which suggests the need to improve nutritional practices to sustain the physical demands of soccer during pre-season.

Comportamentos de risco à saúde de adolescentes e atividades educativas da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 2011

OBJECTIVE: to analyze health risk behaviors in adolescents and Family Health Strategy (FHS) educational activities in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a survey with adolescents registered with FHS in 2011/2012; Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI95%). RESULTS: there was low participation in educational activities on alcohol (23%), food (10%) and physical activity (9%); insufficient physical activity was higher in girls (PR=0.76 - 95%CI 0.68;0.85), alcohol consumption was associated with the 15-19 age range (PR=1.48 - 95%CI 1.29;1.71) and low fruit and vegetable intake was associated with income of ≤2 minimum wages (PR=1.17 - 95%CI 1.02;1.33). CONCLUSION: there was no significant association between adolescent risk behaviors and their participation in FHS educational activities.OBJECTIVE to analyze health risk behaviors in adolescents and Family Health Strategy (FHS) educational activities in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a survey with adolescents registered with FHS in 2011/2012; Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI95%). RESULTS there was low participation in educational activities on alcohol (23%), food (10%) and physical activity (9%); insufficient physical activity was higher in girls (PR=0.76 - 95%CI 0.68;0.85), alcohol consumption was associated with the 15-19 age range (PR=1.48 - 95%CI 1.29;1.71) and low fruit and vegetable intake was associated with income of ≤2 minimum wages (PR=1.17 - 95%CI 1.02;1.33). CONCLUSION there was no significant association between adolescent risk behaviors and their participation in FHS educational activities.

Water loss and hydration practices in soccer players

INTRODUCAO: Atletas de futebol sofrem grande estresse fisiologico durante os treinos. As caracteristicas da atividade associadas as condicoes climaticas desfavoraveis podem provocar desidratacao intensa resultando em reducao de desempenho fisico. OBJETIVO: Estimar o percentual de desidratacao de atletas futebolistas durante sessoes de treino na cidade de Cuiaba-MT, Brasil. METODOS: Os dados foram coletados nas instalacoes do centro de treinamento da equipe. Participaram do estudo 17 atletas profissionais do sexo masculino (idade = 21,53 ± 1,19 anos; peso=71,99±7,66 kg; estatura=1,76±0,08m; IMC=23,31±1,69kg/m²). Foram analisadas as pesagens de pre e pos-treino em dois dias nao consecutivos de treino (A e B) e pela perda de peso ocorrida, obteve-se a diferenca de massa corporal (ΔMC); tambem se anotou toda a ingestao de liquidos. Os dados registrados foram aplicados as formulas especificas para analise. RESULTADOS: O ΔMC entre a medida inicial e a medida final do treino A foi de 1,08 ± 0,45 kg, ja a do treino B foi de 0,85 ± 0,47kg, representando 1,5 ± 0,63% e 1,19 ± 0,59% de desidratacao, respectivamente. O volume de liquido ingerido foi de 2.591 ± 440 ml no treino A e de 926 ± 356 ml no treino B. A pratica do futebol reduziu a massa corporal dos atletas apos o treino, indicando que houve desidratacao. CONCLUSAO: Apesar da oferta constante de agua aos jogadores, observamos que a reposicao hidrica ad libitum nao foi suficiente para manter o estado eu-hidratado de todos os atletas.

Perdida hidrica y practica de hidratacion en atletas de futbol

INTRODUCAO: Atletas de futebol sofrem grande estresse fisiologico durante os treinos. As caracteristicas da atividade associadas as condicoes climaticas desfavoraveis podem provocar desidratacao intensa resultando em reducao de desempenho fisico. OBJETIVO: Estimar o percentual de desidratacao de atletas futebolistas durante sessoes de treino na cidade de Cuiaba-MT, Brasil. METODOS: Os dados foram coletados nas instalacoes do centro de treinamento da equipe. Participaram do estudo 17 atletas profissionais do sexo masculino (idade = 21,53 ± 1,19 anos; peso=71,99±7,66 kg; estatura=1,76±0,08m; IMC=23,31±1,69kg/m²). Foram analisadas as pesagens de pre e pos-treino em dois dias nao consecutivos de treino (A e B) e pela perda de peso ocorrida, obteve-se a diferenca de massa corporal (ΔMC); tambem se anotou toda a ingestao de liquidos. Os dados registrados foram aplicados as formulas especificas para analise. RESULTADOS: O ΔMC entre a medida inicial e a medida final do treino A foi de 1,08 ± 0,45 kg, ja a do treino B foi de 0,85 ± 0,47kg, representando 1,5 ± 0,63% e 1,19 ± 0,59% de desidratacao, respectivamente. O volume de liquido ingerido foi de 2.591 ± 440 ml no treino A e de 926 ± 356 ml no treino B. A pratica do futebol reduziu a massa corporal dos atletas apos o treino, indicando que houve desidratacao. CONCLUSAO: Apesar da oferta constante de agua aos jogadores, observamos que a reposicao hidrica ad libitum nao foi suficiente para manter o estado eu-hidratado de todos os atletas.