Allan Sarmento Vieira

Modelo de cobrança pelo uso da água: análise da arrecadação na subacia do Alto Piranhas (PB)

Por ser considerada um recurso essencial a vida, porem limitada, a agua, possui potencial, por seus multiplos usos, que exige necessidade de mecanismos que conduzam a uma utilizacao eficiente e racional deste bem. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estimar e analisar a arrecadacao na sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas no Estado da Paraiba, por meio de um modelo de cobranca que considerasse as peculiaridades da regiao. Apos levantamento dos principais modelos dispostos na literatura e por ser uma sub-bacia gerenciada pela esfera federal, observou-se que o modelo adotado pelo comite da bacia do Rio Sao Francisco e o que mais se aproximou da realidade da regiao estudada. Assim foram idealizados e simulados dois cenarios, a partir de demandas atuais e futuras que levassem em consideracao o enquadramento dos corpos d’ agua. A partir disso notou-se que a arrecadacao total anual do Cenario II e maior que o Cenario I, isso se deu principalmente com a mudanca de alguns parâmetros que estao diretamente ligados as classes de enquadramento adotadas e dos niveis de garantias. Apesar de utilizando um modelo aprovado pelo Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hidricos (CNRH) e executado pela Agencia Nacional de Agua (ANA), os recursos gerados nao foram suficientes para financiar o sistema de gerenciamento da bacia estudada. Dessa forma e preciso avaliar outros modelos de cobranca, assim como contemplar outros estudos que utilizem os coeficientes de ponderacao que venham a considerar as peculiaridades da regiao estudada, visto que, este instrumento gera recursos capazes de possibilitar a melhoria da qualidade de vida da sub-bacia estudada.

A análise multicriterial no apoio à gestão ambiental

Devido ao seu carater multidisciplinar a gestao ambiental deve ser avaliada sob uma perspectiva sistemica e integrada, considerando os aspectos ambientais, sociais, politicos, culturais de dificil insercao e comparacao, aliados com os aspectos economicos e tecnicos facilmente quantificados. Para tanto, varias experiencias tem sido realizadas atraves da utilizacao dos metodos de analise multicriterial que culminou no objetivo principal deste trabalho, que e apresentar o estado da arte das principais tecnicas multicriteriais que poderao ser utilizadas numa possivel tomada de decisao, permitindo assim, a inclusao, avaliacao e mensuracao de variaveis ambientais. Alem disso, serao mostrados alguns trabalhos com a aplicacao desses metodos nas diferentes areas do conhecimento, agregando consequentemente, valor as informacoes que darao suporte na avaliacao de projetos.

MANDATORY AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE: A CASE STUDY TO THE ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON BM&FBOVESPA

The aim of thisstudy was to identifyand compare thedisclosureways/tipsofsocial and environmentalinformation betweenenergy companieslisted on the BM& FBOVESPA. The disclosure of social and environmental information submitted by some energy companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA is currently considered a factor of great importance, this because is through this information that the company shows its concern for the preservation of the environment and environmental impacts caused by them. Thats why some use the Social balance as a way of evidencing their voluntary demonstratives, such models serving to extra information to the financial statements presented by companies annually. The aforementioned work is about a research of quantitative and qualitative nature, documentary and Bibliographic, and descriptive case study, where 73 companies in the energy sector listed on the BM & FBOVESPA website have been selected to make its universe. Performed the data analysis, it was verified that of the 22 companies in the study only 5 of them disclose forms of voluntary disclosure in their sustainability reports, thereby showing the role that each one takes about social and environmental responsibility.

Production bio-Fertilizer, organic compost and biogas for smallholder agriculture

This paper proposes the development of a portable digester that uses recyclable materials in their composition, and which aims to minimize the costs of implementation for small rural producers and consequently help in preserving the environment, reducing carbon gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. Despite being a technology quite widespread in southern Brazil, the models proposed in the literature, still have high costs at the facility, making it infeasible to your installation to family agriculture. Is notorious, that investments in technology are needed, since the benefits to increase social equity and environmental quality. Innovation is to propose a biodigester that uses recyclable materials in its structure and can be moved to any location of the country estate. With this bio-digester at hand, will be carried out a survey of technology, in order to ascertain its effective to suit the reality of Paraibano and the benefits generated for family farming. Next you’ll be using a methane gas detection equipment, in order to follow the evolution of it. The result shows a quite versatile, inexpensive and very useful for family farming. However the biodigestor proposed is a product essential in improving the quality of life of the local community, since they propose to generate extra income, maximizing social equity and minimizing the negative impacts on nature.

COUNTING AND DISCLOSURE OF CARBON CREDITS: A CASE STUDY ON COMPANY SUZANO PAPEL E CELULOSE S.A.

Currently society is more present in subjects related environmental and socio-environmental issues, requiring of the government and organizations, cleaner politics, creative methods that reduce the impacts to the environment, since the business environment is seen as primarily responsible for these impacts, releasing through their activities gases that contribute to air pollution and exacerbate the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide (CO2 ), raising the temperature of the planet. The principal objective of this work was to detect and calculate the carbon credits generated by the reforestation activity of the company Suzano Papel e Celulose S/A, using a quantitative method for estimating CO2 emissions avoided. In the methodological procedures used a descriptive study with a hypothetical deductive method, and a quantitative and qualitative approach to nature. Based on sustainability reporting, the data needed to obtain the results were documented. It was also possible horizontally and vertically analyze the main environmental indicators, verifying an increase in the indicator of emissions of greenhouse gases, and a reduction in harmful hazardous waste indicator. As for carbon credits, it can be affirmed that the company studied had thousands of eligible credits trading on the stock exchange in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, but did not recognize these credits on their statements, failing to raise millions of dollars that could be invested in other social and environmental projects. Therefore, it is perceived by the results obtained, that this theme about carbon credits is of great importance and should be discussed in greater breadth and depth, both the government and regulatory bodies of accounting, should seek a parsimonious treatment that facilitates implementation of CDM and carbon credit transactions on the stock exchange.

Um Modelo de Otimização Multiobjetivo para Análise de Sistema de Recursos Hídricos: II Aplicação

This work involves the application of a multiobjective optimization model based on sequential linear programming to a two-reservoir system connected in sequence and a 500 ha irrigated perimeter, located in the semiarid region of Paraiba state. The water demands are for urban water supply, irrigation and the regulation of river flow downstream from the reservoirs. The following objectives were considered to establish an optimal operation: to meet the water demands for urban supply, regulated flow downstream from the reservoirs and the reservoir target volumes, as well as maximizing net profit and manpower from agricultural activity. Scenarios that vary the priorities of different objectives were created in order to evaluate the model response regarding the consistency of results and required computation time. The results have shown that the objectives were fulfilled in accordance with the assigned priorities and the problem constraints were met. The computation time and the number of iterations can be considered satisfactory (19 seconds and 5 iterations, on average, for a problem having 3802 decision variables and 874 constraints when considering 9 years of system operation). The results attained for system operation can support the generation of operational rules for water allocation in order to meet the required demands, objectives and physical constraints. Key-words: Water Resources, optimization, linear programming, linearization.