Álvaro de Oliveira D’Antona

Fronteira agrícola na Amazônia contemporânea: repensando o paradigma a partir da mobilidade da população de Santarém-PA

Demographic processes in the Amazon are still explained by the dynamics of the agricultural frontier, which is a theoretical approach developed in the 1970s. This study considers population mobility in Santarem (PA) in order to assess the ability of the frontier model to represent the actual situation of the region. Santarem is a relevant case given the complexity of its rural aspect and the recent ascendency of agribusiness. The data are from the IBGE Demographic Census and from surveys conducted on 311 rural properties. The results highlight the importance of internal mobility in the municipality and reveal that the countryside is more stable and less affected by migration than the urban region. The small impact of rural exodus on the size of the rural population go against the classical assumptions concerning frontier regions. The attestation of certain types of mobility that are usually absent in the bibliographical sources reinforces that the frontier is diverse and its theoretical framework can explain rural transformations only partially. The concept of rural environment can only be satisfactorily redefined if intra-rural mobility and rural in-migration are added to the framework. Family relationships, the identification with the countryside and the dissolution of the rural-urban dichotomy lie at the foundation of these dynamics.

Distribución de la población y cobertura de la tierra: el lugar de las Áreas Protegidas en Pará, Brasil en 2010

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribucion de la poblacion del estado de Para en Brasil a partir de informacion del Censo Demografico de 2010 asociada a datos de uso y cobertura de la tierra provenientes de TerraClass, dispuestos en una cuadricula estadistica. Se examina el papel que desempenan 113 Areas Protegidas, 46 Tierras Indigenas, 51 Unidades de Conservacion de Uso Sustentable y 16 Unidades de Conservacion de Proteccion Integral en el gradiente rural-urbano desde el punto de vista de la poblacion y en relacion con los usos y la cobertura de la tierra existentes en ellas. La informacion relativa a las Areas Protegidas, al uso y la cobertura de la tierra y los datos censales fueron incorporados a la cuadricula estadistica usando un Sistema de Informacion Geografica. La relacion espacial entre los estratos de informacion en la cuadricula indica que la poblacion del estado esta bastante concentrada, una tendencia que se reproduce en las Areas Protegidas (el coeficiente de Gini de la distribucion de las viviendas es superior a 0,9). Las Areas Protegidas se configuran como zonas menos pobladas y con mas forestacion que el resto del estado. A pesar de la presencia de extensas areas sin viviendas ocupadas y de la mayor extension de los bosques de Para (57%), se identifican en estas areas usos urbanos asociados a otros usos y coberturas de la tierra. Los resultados indican que las dinamicas de la poblacion y los cambios en los usos y la cobertura de la tierra estan relacionados de manera mas amplia, estimulando por lo tanto una reflexion mas integrada sobre la vinculacion entre la urbanizacion y estos cambios.The objective of this study is to analyze population distribution in the state of Para in Brazil using data from the2010 Population Census in association with the land use and land cover data from TerraClass arranged in a statistical grid. The role of 113 Protected Areas (including 46 Indigenous Lands, 51 Sustainable Use Conservation Units and 16 Integral Protection Conservation Units) is analyzed from the standpoint of their demographic rural-urban gradients and in terms of their land use cover. Information on the use and cover of land in Protected Areas along with census data were incorporated into a statistical grid using GIS. The spatial relationship of information layers in the cells indicates that the states population is highly concentrated in a few areas, a pattern that is reproduced to some extent in the Protected Areas (Gini coefficient for the distribution of households is higher than 0.9). The area of the Protected areas is less populated and retains a greater extension of forested areas, by comparison to the state. Despite having extensive segments devoid of occupied households and the largest expanse of forest coverage (57%) in the state, Protected Areas also have urban areas associated with other uses and land cover change. The results indicate that population dynamics and changes in the uses and covering of land are related in a broader manner, thereby suggesting the need for reflection on urbanization and changes in land use and land cover change within a more integrated approach.

Population distribution and land cover: the protected areas in Pará, Brazil in 2010

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribucion de la poblacion del estado de Para en Brasil a partir de informacion del Censo Demografico de 2010 asociada a datos de uso y cobertura de la tierra provenientes de TerraClass, dispuestos en una cuadricula estadistica. Se examina el papel que desempenan 113 Areas Protegidas, 46 Tierras Indigenas, 51 Unidades de Conservacion de Uso Sustentable y 16 Unidades de Conservacion de Proteccion Integral en el gradiente rural-urbano desde el punto de vista de la poblacion y en relacion con los usos y la cobertura de la tierra existentes en ellas. La informacion relativa a las Areas Protegidas, al uso y la cobertura de la tierra y los datos censales fueron incorporados a la cuadricula estadistica usando un Sistema de Informacion Geografica. La relacion espacial entre los estratos de informacion en la cuadricula indica que la poblacion del estado esta bastante concentrada, una tendencia que se reproduce en las Areas Protegidas (el coeficiente de Gini de la distribucion de las viviendas es superior a 0,9). Las Areas Protegidas se configuran como zonas menos pobladas y con mas forestacion que el resto del estado. A pesar de la presencia de extensas areas sin viviendas ocupadas y de la mayor extension de los bosques de Para (57%), se identifican en estas areas usos urbanos asociados a otros usos y coberturas de la tierra. Los resultados indican que las dinamicas de la poblacion y los cambios en los usos y la cobertura de la tierra estan relacionados de manera mas amplia, estimulando por lo tanto una reflexion mas integrada sobre la vinculacion entre la urbanizacion y estos cambios.The objective of this study is to analyze population distribution in the state of Para in Brazil using data from the2010 Population Census in association with the land use and land cover data from TerraClass arranged in a statistical grid. The role of 113 Protected Areas (including 46 Indigenous Lands, 51 Sustainable Use Conservation Units and 16 Integral Protection Conservation Units) is analyzed from the standpoint of their demographic rural-urban gradients and in terms of their land use cover. Information on the use and cover of land in Protected Areas along with census data were incorporated into a statistical grid using GIS. The spatial relationship of information layers in the cells indicates that the states population is highly concentrated in a few areas, a pattern that is reproduced to some extent in the Protected Areas (Gini coefficient for the distribution of households is higher than 0.9). The area of the Protected areas is less populated and retains a greater extension of forested areas, by comparison to the state. Despite having extensive segments devoid of occupied households and the largest expanse of forest coverage (57%) in the state, Protected Areas also have urban areas associated with other uses and land cover change. The results indicate that population dynamics and changes in the uses and covering of land are related in a broader manner, thereby suggesting the need for reflection on urbanization and changes in land use and land cover change within a more integrated approach.

Distribuição da população e cobertura da terra: o lugar das Áreas Protegidas no Pará, Brasil em 2010

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribucion de la poblacion del estado de Para en Brasil a partir de informacion del Censo Demografico de 2010 asociada a datos de uso y cobertura de la tierra provenientes de TerraClass, dispuestos en una cuadricula estadistica. Se examina el papel que desempenan 113 Areas Protegidas, 46 Tierras Indigenas, 51 Unidades de Conservacion de Uso Sustentable y 16 Unidades de Conservacion de Proteccion Integral en el gradiente rural-urbano desde el punto de vista de la poblacion y en relacion con los usos y la cobertura de la tierra existentes en ellas. La informacion relativa a las Areas Protegidas, al uso y la cobertura de la tierra y los datos censales fueron incorporados a la cuadricula estadistica usando un Sistema de Informacion Geografica. La relacion espacial entre los estratos de informacion en la cuadricula indica que la poblacion del estado esta bastante concentrada, una tendencia que se reproduce en las Areas Protegidas (el coeficiente de Gini de la distribucion de las viviendas es superior a 0,9). Las Areas Protegidas se configuran como zonas menos pobladas y con mas forestacion que el resto del estado. A pesar de la presencia de extensas areas sin viviendas ocupadas y de la mayor extension de los bosques de Para (57%), se identifican en estas areas usos urbanos asociados a otros usos y coberturas de la tierra. Los resultados indican que las dinamicas de la poblacion y los cambios en los usos y la cobertura de la tierra estan relacionados de manera mas amplia, estimulando por lo tanto una reflexion mas integrada sobre la vinculacion entre la urbanizacion y estos cambios.The objective of this study is to analyze population distribution in the state of Para in Brazil using data from the2010 Population Census in association with the land use and land cover data from TerraClass arranged in a statistical grid. The role of 113 Protected Areas (including 46 Indigenous Lands, 51 Sustainable Use Conservation Units and 16 Integral Protection Conservation Units) is analyzed from the standpoint of their demographic rural-urban gradients and in terms of their land use cover. Information on the use and cover of land in Protected Areas along with census data were incorporated into a statistical grid using GIS. The spatial relationship of information layers in the cells indicates that the states population is highly concentrated in a few areas, a pattern that is reproduced to some extent in the Protected Areas (Gini coefficient for the distribution of households is higher than 0.9). The area of the Protected areas is less populated and retains a greater extension of forested areas, by comparison to the state. Despite having extensive segments devoid of occupied households and the largest expanse of forest coverage (57%) in the state, Protected Areas also have urban areas associated with other uses and land cover change. The results indicate that population dynamics and changes in the uses and covering of land are related in a broader manner, thereby suggesting the need for reflection on urbanization and changes in land use and land cover change within a more integrated approach.