Álvaro García del Castillo-López

Construct Validity of the Portuguese Version of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale

Background and Purpose: This study aims to validate the resilience scale developed by Wagnild and Young for the Portuguese population. Methods: The instrument validation was conducted with a sample of 313 adults attending the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences, of which 62.3% were female and 37.7% male, between 18 and 58 years old. Results: Three factors were decided upon: life satisfaction, planning-discipline, and independence, and there was a positive average correlation between the three factors. The confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation values, so we conclude that the model has an excellent fit. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient used for internal consistency values reported good values. Conclusions: Overall, the key global indicators of the model’s fit and reliability analysis express their quality for Portuguese population.

Relationship Between Sensory Processing, Resilience, Attitudes and Drug use in Portuguese Adults

espanolResumen: Investigaciones sugieren que la relacion entre la resiliencia y el uso de sustancias es un proceso psicologico no lineal y multifactorial. Sorprendentemente, el procesamiento sensorial raramente se menciona como una variable asociada a estos fenomenos. En el presente estudio fue investigado la relacion entre el procesamiento sensorial, la resiliencia, las actitudes y el comportamiento de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de medida: Perfil Sensorial para Adolescentes y Adultos; Escala de Resiliencia; Escalas de Actitudes; Escala de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. La muestra fue constituida por 340 participantes adultos sanos, de los cuales 261 (76.8%) eran mujeres y 79 (23.2%) hombres. En cuanto a la edad cronologica, el individuo mas joven tenia 18 anos y el mas viejo 76 anos (M = 39; DP = 11). El procesamiento sensorial se mostro asociado a las actitudes y la conducta de consumo. Los desequilibrios sensoriales parecen estar implicados en la disminucion de la resiliencia. EnglishAbstract: Research suggests that the relationship between resilience and substance use is a non-linear and multifactorial psychological process. Surprisingly, sensory processing is rarely mentioned as a variable associated with this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the relationship between resilience, sensory processing, attitudes and consumption behaviors for alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substances. For this, we used four instruments: Adult / Adolescent Sensory Profile; Resilience Scale; Attitudes scales; Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drug Use Scale. The sample consisted of 340 healthy adult participants, of whom 261 (76.8%) were women and 79 (23.2%) men. As for chronological age, the youngest person was 18 and the oldest was 76 years (M = 39; DP = 11). Sensory processing was associated with the intake behaviors and attitudes. Sensory imbalances appeared to be implicated in decreased resilience. portuguesResumo: A investigacao sugere que a relacao entre resiliencia e uso de substâncias e um processo psicologico nao linear e multifatorial. Surpreendentemente, o processamento sensorial raramente e evocado enquanto variavel associada a estes fenomenos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relacoes entre processamento sensorial, resiliencia, atitudes e frequencia de comportamentos de consumo de alcool, tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas em adultos saudaveis. Foram empregados quatro instrumentos: Perfil Sensorial para Adolescentes e Adultos; Escala de resiliencia; Escalas de atitudes; Escala de consumo de tabaco, alcool e outras drogas. A amostra foi constituida por 340 participantes adultos mentalmente saudaveis, dos quais 261 (76.8%) eram mulheres. Quanto a idade cronologica, o individuo mais novo tinha 18 anos e o mais velho tinha 76 anos (M = 39; DP = 11). O processamento sensorial apresentou-se associado a atitudes e condutas de consumo. Os desequilibrios sensoriais parecem estar implicados na diminuicao da resiliencia.

Eficacia de dos programas de prevención del consumo de alcohol en función del tipo de aplicador

it is still unclear how to translate effectively programs validated in research for use in real-world contexts. Among the efforts being made to identify strategies which optimize the application of these programs in everyday practice are tests of the differential effectiveness of the programs depending on the application agent. Method: this study analyses the effects of two programs on alcohol use and its variables as a function of provider type. Two hundred students from the first year of secondary education were distributed among five experimental conditions: four treatment conditions, in which the two programs were applied by teachers at the school or external psychologists, and a control condition. Results: the results suggest that, for both programs, teachers obtain better outcomes in alcohol use and concern about addiction. Conclusions: it is concluded that teachers are the ideal application agents in terms of efficiency, and we discuss the impli - cations for research and preventive practice.

Configuración teórica de la motivación de salud desde la teoría de la autodeterminación

Resumen The study of human motivation is a highly complex construct with a wide variability of visions. The SelfDetermination Theory (SDT) has shown a relative effectiveness and consistency in several issues related to health, such as physical activity, diet, sleep, psychological well-being or tobacco consumption. Research shows that self-determined motivation is consistent with intrinsic motivation and, in contrast, extrinsic motivation and its regulation ways can be matched to non-self-determined behaviors, reaching even a lack of motivation. The aim of this work is to draw up a theoretical construction about this model, bringing in risk perception and perceived vulnerability as elements that can change the final direction of the motivation and even improve some of its extrinsic regulations and the lack of motivation. One of the theoretical possibilities that we propose to try to neutralize the non-self-determined types is seek to increase both the personal risk perception and perceived vulnerability, as being these two variables high the likelihood of occurrence of a lack of motivation is significantly reduced, and forced actions of external regulation and introjected regulation may be buffered and increase the internalization, what could favor health behaviors.