Alynne Christian Ribeiro Andaki

Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of anthropometric measures and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with children from public and private schools. Children underwent an anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical evaluation of serum for determination of TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. Physical activity level was calculated and number of steps per day obtained using a pedometer for seven consecutive days. SETTING Viçosa, south-eastern Brazil. SUBJECTS Boys and girls (n 187), mean age 9·90 (SD 0·7) years. RESULTS Conicity index, sum of four skinfolds, physical activity level and number of steps per day were accurate in predicting MetS in boys. Anthropometric indicators were accurate in predicting MetS for girls, specifically BMI, waist circumference measured at the narrowest point and at the level of the umbilicus, four skinfold thickness measures evaluated separately, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, the sum of four skinfolds and body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The sum of four skinfolds was the most accurate method in predicting MetS in both genders.

Different waist circumference measurements and prediction of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in children

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of three waist circumference (WC) measurement sites to predict cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Brazilian children. METHODS 187 children (mean age = 9.9 ± 0.7 years) were evaluated for weight, height, WC at three different sites: midpoint between the lower rib and iliac crest (WC1), umbilicus (WC2), and narrowest waist (WC3). Skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) and blood pressure were also measured. Analyses for triglycerides, HDL-C and glucose were carried out in 141 children. RESULTS For boys, the most accurate predictor of overweight and obesity (from body mass index, BMI) and low HDL-C levels was WC3, and for high percentage of body fat (from skinfolds) was WC1. For girls, WC2 was the most accurate predictor of MS, and hypertriglyceridemia, and for overweight and obesity, high body fat percentage, and low HDL-C levels, WC3 was the best predictor. WC1 was the most accurate in the prediction of high blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Each WC measurement site was accurate in predicting cardiovascular risk factors and MS. However, our results indicate that WC3 was the best predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and MS in boys and girls.

Waist circumference to height ratio predicts inflammatory risk in children

Abstract Background: The increase in obesity, especially the increase of visceral fat, has been directly associated with health risk. Additionally, a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (0.5) has been proposed as an indicator of early health risk. Aims: To test the association between anthropometric measurements and inflammatory mRNA expression and to evaluate the effectiveness of WHtR to predict inflammatory risk in children. Subjects and methods: Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected in 94 Brazilian children (46 boys) aged 9–11 years. Children were identified as being at inflammatory risk based on cytokine mRNA expression levels at and above the 75th percentile. Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels were determined through buff-coat using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and WHtR showed moderate-to-strong association with inflammatory cytokine mRNA gene expression. WHtR = 0.51 was the most accurate cut-off point in distinguishing children at inflammatory risk. Compared with children with WHtR <0.51, children with a WHtR ≥0.51 presented an odds ratio of 2.643 (95% CI = 1.749–3.994) for both diagnosed IL-6 and MCP-1 above the 75th percentile and 2.796 (95% CI = 1.802–4.338) for TNF-α above the 75th percentile. WHtR = 0.50 presented the same values of sensitivity and odds ratio and ∼7% lower specificity compared to WHtR = 0.51. Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements have shown a moderate-to-strong association with the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes and a WHtR of 0.5 could serve as a cut-off point, suggesting increased risk of inflammatory responses.

Fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário em escolares de 9-12 anos de idade

Studies that investigated the impacts of sedentary behavior (SB) on health are recent, especially in children. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with SB in a Brazilian school in the city of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. This is an epidemiological study using cross-sectional probability sample (n=649). We collected and considered as independent variables: anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical, time spent in physical activity (PA). SD was considered the dependent variable, characterized by screen time (ST), and verified associated factors using Poisson regression analysis. Girls had higher skinfold, triglycerides and HDL-c, and boys have higher blood glucose concentration, attended more to the recommendation 60 min PA/day and higher SB. The TT > 2 h/day was prevalent in 76,9 % of the sample. SB was not associated with sociodemographic, health nor behavioral variables in 9- to 12-year-old school children. More research is necessary to identify the complex interrelationships between ST and associated factors.

Skinfold reference curves and their use in predicting metabolic syndrome risk in children

OBJECTIVES To draw skinfold (SF) reference curves (subscapular, suprailiac, biceps, triceps) and to determine SF cutoff points for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children aged 6-10 years old. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1480 children aged 6-10 years old, 52.2% females, from public and private schools located in the urban and rural areas of the municipality of Uberaba (MG). Anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were taken at school, following specific protocols. The LMS method was used to draw the reference curves and ROC curve analysis to determine the accuracy and cutoff points for the evaluated skinfolds. RESULTS The four SF evaluated (subscapular, suprailiac, biceps, and triceps) and their sum (∑4SF) were accurate in predicting MetS for both girls and boys. Additionally, cutoffs have been proposed and percentile curves (p5, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90, and p95) were outlined for the four SF and ∑4SF, for both genders. CONCLUSION SF measurements were accurate in predicting metabolic syndrome in children aged 6-10 years old. Age- and gender-specific smoothed percentiles curves of SF provide a reference for the detection of risk for MetS in children.

Original articleSkinfold reference curves and their use in predicting metabolic syndrome risk in childrenCurvas de referência de dobras cutâneas e sua utilização na predição do risco de síndrome metabólica em crianças

Objectives To draw skinfold (SF) reference curves (subscapular, suprailiac, biceps, triceps) and to determine SF cutoff points for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children aged 6–10 years old.

Association of inflammation, dyslipidemia, obesity and physical activity status in children

The aim of this study was to verify the association between inflammatory biomarkers, dyslipidemia, obesity and physical activity status in 10-years old children. Ninety-four children participated in this study and were classified into eutrophic (n=36), overweight (n=34) or obese (n=24) according to their body mass index (BMI). The genic expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL-2) mRNA; the serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides; BMI, percentage of body fat (% BF) and waist circumference; and the number of steps per day were determined. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL-2 were associated (p 0.05) between pro-inflammatory biomarkers and number of steps per day was found.

ANÁLISE DE ARREMESSOS DE CONTRA-ATAQUE NO CAMPEONATO MUNDIAL DE HANDEBOL MASCULINO SUÉCIA 2011

O objeto do estudo foi verificar o numero e eficacia de arremessos de contra-ataque nos resultados de vitoria, derrota ou empate dos participantes do Campeonato Mundial Masculino de Handebol, Suecia 2011. A amostra foi composta de 98 jogos da competicao. Foram analisados os numeros de gols de contra-ataques, total de arremessos e a eficacia nesta situacao. ANOVA oneway seguida pelo teste post hoc de Tukey HSB ou Welch apontou que equipes vitoriosas apresentaram maior numero de arremessos, eficacia de arremessos e gols na situacao de contra-ataque em relacao a equipes derrotadas. Gols provenientes de contra-ataque sao mais frequentes entre equipes vitoriosas, ressaltando a sua importância tatica para treinadores e atletas nas respectivas acoes de elaboracao e execucao de treinamento.

Factors associated with sedentary behavior in 9- to 12-year-old school children

Studies that investigated the impacts of sedentary behavior (SB) on health are recent, especially in children. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with SB in a Brazilian school in the city of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. This is an epidemiological study using cross-sectional probability sample (n=649). We collected and considered as independent variables: anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical, time spent in physical activity (PA). SD was considered the dependent variable, characterized by screen time (ST), and verified associated factors using Poisson regression analysis. Girls had higher skinfold, triglycerides and HDL-c, and boys have higher blood glucose concentration, attended more to the recommendation 60 min PA/day and higher SB. The TT > 2 h/day was prevalent in 76,9 % of the sample. SB was not associated with sociodemographic, health nor behavioral variables in 9- to 12-year-old school children. More research is necessary to identify the complex interrelationships between ST and associated factors.

Factores asociados con la conducta sedentaria en escolares de 9-12 años de edad

Studies that investigated the impacts of sedentary behavior (SB) on health are recent, especially in children. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with SB in a Brazilian school in the city of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. This is an epidemiological study using cross-sectional probability sample (n=649). We collected and considered as independent variables: anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical, time spent in physical activity (PA). SD was considered the dependent variable, characterized by screen time (ST), and verified associated factors using Poisson regression analysis. Girls had higher skinfold, triglycerides and HDL-c, and boys have higher blood glucose concentration, attended more to the recommendation 60 min PA/day and higher SB. The TT > 2 h/day was prevalent in 76,9 % of the sample. SB was not associated with sociodemographic, health nor behavioral variables in 9- to 12-year-old school children. More research is necessary to identify the complex interrelationships between ST and associated factors.