Amanda Santos

Fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário em escolares de 9-12 anos de idade

Studies that investigated the impacts of sedentary behavior (SB) on health are recent, especially in children. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with SB in a Brazilian school in the city of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. This is an epidemiological study using cross-sectional probability sample (n=649). We collected and considered as independent variables: anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical, time spent in physical activity (PA). SD was considered the dependent variable, characterized by screen time (ST), and verified associated factors using Poisson regression analysis. Girls had higher skinfold, triglycerides and HDL-c, and boys have higher blood glucose concentration, attended more to the recommendation 60 min PA/day and higher SB. The TT > 2 h/day was prevalent in 76,9 % of the sample. SB was not associated with sociodemographic, health nor behavioral variables in 9- to 12-year-old school children. More research is necessary to identify the complex interrelationships between ST and associated factors.

Motor fitness and preschooler children obesity status

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the association between motor fitness (MF) and obesity status in preschool children. The sample comprised 467 children aged 3–6 years. Preschool children body mass index was classified according to International Obesity Task Force and categorised into three levels, normal, overweight and obesity. Total physical activity was assessed by accelerometer and MF test was assessed through two MF tests 10 × 5m shuttle run test (SRT) and a 7 m jumping distance on 2 feet test (J2F). Low MF was considered for MF if SD above 1. A single variable with three categories was created: low MF medium MF and high MF. The prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity was 67.6%, 22.7% and 9.7%, respectively. The prevalence of SD > 1 for SRT was 13.7% and 14.4% for J2F, for single variable was 19.2%. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that obese preschoolers were more likely six times classified as having low MF level than their non-overweight counterparts (OR: 6.4; IC: 1.3–36.6). This study showed a considerable prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschoolers. Obesity has already been associated with lower MF. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this data.

Association between sedentary behavior time and waist‐to‐height ratio in preschool children

To explore the association between sedentary behavior time (SB), and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) in preschool children.

Nível de atividade física como preditor de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em crianças

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the physical activity level (PAL), engagement in physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA) and number of steps/day as prediction of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in children. We measured anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-c and triglycerides. The PAL and engagement in MVPA were obtained using a questionnaire and computing number steps/days with a pedometer. Participants were 187 children, with a mean age of 9.90 (± 0.7) years. The PAL showed a significant area under the ROC curve as a predictir of obesity, high body fat %, and high blood pressure (HBP) in girls. The PAL accurately predicted obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), and MVPA accurately predicted MS and HBP in boys. Boys who achieved the recommended 13.000 steps/day were protected from MS and low HDL-c. Achieving the recommendations of engagement in MVPA and number of steps were protection against CVRFfactors in children.En este estudio se evaluo la efectividad del nivel de actividad fisica (NAF), la participacion en la actividad fisica de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (ATMV) y el numero de pasos / dia para la prediccion de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en ninos. Medimos las medidas antropometricas, composicion corporal, presion arterial, glucemia, colesterol HDL y trigliceridos. NAF y la participacion en ATMV se obtuvieron los registros de la actividad fisica y los pasos podometro por numero. 187 ninos participan 9,90 ± 0,7 anos. NAF tuvo un area bajo la curva ROC significativa para la prediccion de la obesidad, alto% de grasa corporal y la presion arterial enmendada (PAE) en las ninas. NAF fue precisa en la prediccion de la obesidad y el sindrome metabolico (SM) y moderada a vigorosa fue precisa en la prediccion de SM y PAE en los ninos. Los ninos que alcanzaron la cantidad recomendada de 13000 pasos /dia fueron protegidos de la SM y bajo HDL-c. Alcanzar las recomendaciones de la participacion en ATMV y el numero de pasos proteger a los ninos de los FRCV.

Physical activity level as a predictor of cardiovascular risk factors in children

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the physical activity level (PAL), engagement in physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA) and number of steps/day as prediction of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in children. We measured anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-c and triglycerides. The PAL and engagement in MVPA were obtained using a questionnaire and computing number steps/days with a pedometer. Participants were 187 children, with a mean age of 9.90 (± 0.7) years. The PAL showed a significant area under the ROC curve as a predictir of obesity, high body fat %, and high blood pressure (HBP) in girls. The PAL accurately predicted obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), and MVPA accurately predicted MS and HBP in boys. Boys who achieved the recommended 13.000 steps/day were protected from MS and low HDL-c. Achieving the recommendations of engagement in MVPA and number of steps were protection against CVRFfactors in children.En este estudio se evaluo la efectividad del nivel de actividad fisica (NAF), la participacion en la actividad fisica de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (ATMV) y el numero de pasos / dia para la prediccion de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en ninos. Medimos las medidas antropometricas, composicion corporal, presion arterial, glucemia, colesterol HDL y trigliceridos. NAF y la participacion en ATMV se obtuvieron los registros de la actividad fisica y los pasos podometro por numero. 187 ninos participan 9,90 ± 0,7 anos. NAF tuvo un area bajo la curva ROC significativa para la prediccion de la obesidad, alto% de grasa corporal y la presion arterial enmendada (PAE) en las ninas. NAF fue precisa en la prediccion de la obesidad y el sindrome metabolico (SM) y moderada a vigorosa fue precisa en la prediccion de SM y PAE en los ninos. Los ninos que alcanzaron la cantidad recomendada de 13000 pasos /dia fueron protegidos de la SM y bajo HDL-c. Alcanzar las recomendaciones de la participacion en ATMV y el numero de pasos proteger a los ninos de los FRCV.

Evaluation of thyroid tissue by Raman spectroscopy

Thyroid gland is a small gland in the neck consisting of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Thyroids main function is to produce the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin. Thyroid disorders can disturb the production of these hormones, which will affect numerous processes within the body such as: regulating metabolism and increasing utilization of cholesterol, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The gland itself can also be injured; for example, neoplasias, which have been considered the most important, causing damage of to the gland and are difficult to diagnose. There are several types of thyroid cancer: Papillary, Follicular, Medullary, and Anaplastic. The occurrence rate, in general is between 4 and 7%; which is on the increase (30%), probably due to new technology that is able to find small thyroid cancers that may not have been found previously. The most common method used for thyroid diagnoses are: anamnesis, ultrasonography, and laboratory exams (Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy- FNAB). However, the sensitivity of those test are rather poor, with a high rate of false-negative results, therefore there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques. Raman spectroscopy has been presented as a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis in many different tissues. In this work, 27 fragments of the thyroid were collected from 18 patients, comprising the following histologic groups: goitre adjacent tissue, goitre nodular tissue, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma. Spectral collection was done with a commercial FTRaman Spectrometer (Bruker RFS100/S) using a 1064 nm laser excitation and Ge detector. Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Linear Discriminant Analysis with cross-validation were applied as spectral classification algorithm. Comparing the goitre adjacent tissue with the goitre nodular region, an index of 58.3% of correct classification was obtained. Between goitre (nodular region and adjacent tissue) and papillary carcinoma, the index of correct classification was 64.9%, and the classification between benign tissues (goitre and follicular adenoma) and malignant tissues (papillary and follicular carcinomas), the index was 72.5%.

Relationship Among Changes in Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in Young Schoolchildren: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

PURPOSES To examine the association between sedentary time (ST) and light physical activity (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and body mass index (BMI), and to track these behaviors over a 3-year follow-up in young schoolchildren. METHODS The final sample was 64 children (female: n = 36 or 56.3%), enrolled in schools in Porto, Portugal. Height and mass of children were measured by standard methods, and BMI was then calculated. ST, LPA, and MVPA were measured by accelerometer. Changes (Δ) and relative changes (Δ%) between 2009/2010 and 2012/2013 of ST, LPA, MVPA, and BMI were computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were fit to predict Δ%ST (outcome variable), by Δ%LPA, Δ%MVPA, and Δ%BMI (exposure variables). RESULTS ST increased and LPA decreased significantly for whole sample (both Ps < .05). No statistically significant difference was found for MVPA over time. There were no differences for ΔST, ΔLPA, ΔMVPA, and ΔBMI between boys and girls. The Δ%LPA and Δ%MVPA were negatively associated with Δ%ST, whereas Δ%BMI was positively associated. Tracking coefficients varied from moderate to strong. CONCLUSIONS Time spent in ST increases due to displacement of time in LPA. This reinforces public health measures and suggests the need for interventions focusing on offsetting the decline ST and increasing MVPA during childhood.

Flexibilidad en gimnasia rítmica: asimetría funcional en gimnastas júnior portuguesas

Una de las principales capacidades fisicas exigida para la practica de la gimnasia ritmica es la flexibilidad. En este sentido este estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar los niveles de flexibilidad de las extremidades inferiores y los posibles indices de asimetria de las gimnastas junior de la Primera Division de Portugal. La muestra esta constituida por 30 gimnastas con una edad media de 13,73 ± 0,17 anos. Para la evaluacion se utiliza una bateria de test en la que se recogen las imagenes de las gimnastas ejecutando cada elemento del estudio para un posterior analisis y clasificacion en una escala de cinco niveles (0-4). Para el analisis estadistico de los datos se recurre a pruebas no parametricas (Test de Mann-Whitney y Test de Wilcoxon). De acuerdo con los principales resultados obtenidos se constata que un 86,7 % de las gimnastas presentan indices de asimetria de flexibilidad entre la extremidad dominante y la no dominante de diferentes magnitudes.

Força explosiva de membros inferiores em ginastas da ginástica rítmica de diferentes níveis competitivos

A forca na Ginastica Ritmica manifesta-se na grande maioria dos movimentos e elementos realizados pelas ginastas, especialmente nos saltos, que sao elementos corporais indispensaveis na pratica da modalidade. O treino voltado para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de salto apresenta uma grande quantidade de exercicios que visam aumentar o grau de potencia muscular de membros inferiores, e portanto, a capacidade de impulsao. A impulsao vertical e uma importante medida utilizada para mensurar a forca explosiva de membros inferiores e esta diretamente ligada ao sucesso que a ginasta podera atingir. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a altura de dois saltos da Ginastica Ritmica (salto de corca e salto cossaco) atraves da plataforma de contato Ergojump, que calcula a altura do salto em funcao do tempo de voo, executados por ginastas juniores de nivel nacional e comparar com resultados da Selecao Nacional Junior – no total 30 ginastas, com idade media de 13,73 ± 0,17 anos. Alem disso, comparar os niveis de forca explosiva do membro inferior preferido (MIP) e membro inferior nao preferido (MINP) de todas as ginastas do estudo, de modo a verificar possiveis assimetrias funcionais. Para a analise estatistica recorremos aos Testes Parametricos (Teste T) e nao Parametricos (Teste Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon). As ginastas da Selecao Nacional alcancaram melhores resultados em 33% dos testes, deste modo concluimos que nao conseguiram mostrar a superioridade esperada nos testes realizados. Alem disso, verificamos que a maior parte das ginastas apresentaram um harmonioso desenvolvimento da forca explosiva em ambos os membros inferiores, dado que e 83,3% das ginastas da amostra nao demonstraram assimetrias funcionais.

El nivel de actividad física como un predictor de riesgo cardiovascular en niños

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the physical activity level (PAL), engagement in physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA) and number of steps/day as prediction of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in children. We measured anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-c and triglycerides. The PAL and engagement in MVPA were obtained using a questionnaire and computing number steps/days with a pedometer. Participants were 187 children, with a mean age of 9.90 (± 0.7) years. The PAL showed a significant area under the ROC curve as a predictir of obesity, high body fat %, and high blood pressure (HBP) in girls. The PAL accurately predicted obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), and MVPA accurately predicted MS and HBP in boys. Boys who achieved the recommended 13.000 steps/day were protected from MS and low HDL-c. Achieving the recommendations of engagement in MVPA and number of steps were protection against CVRFfactors in children.En este estudio se evaluo la efectividad del nivel de actividad fisica (NAF), la participacion en la actividad fisica de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (ATMV) y el numero de pasos / dia para la prediccion de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en ninos. Medimos las medidas antropometricas, composicion corporal, presion arterial, glucemia, colesterol HDL y trigliceridos. NAF y la participacion en ATMV se obtuvieron los registros de la actividad fisica y los pasos podometro por numero. 187 ninos participan 9,90 ± 0,7 anos. NAF tuvo un area bajo la curva ROC significativa para la prediccion de la obesidad, alto% de grasa corporal y la presion arterial enmendada (PAE) en las ninas. NAF fue precisa en la prediccion de la obesidad y el sindrome metabolico (SM) y moderada a vigorosa fue precisa en la prediccion de SM y PAE en los ninos. Los ninos que alcanzaron la cantidad recomendada de 13000 pasos /dia fueron protegidos de la SM y bajo HDL-c. Alcanzar las recomendaciones de la participacion en ATMV y el numero de pasos proteger a los ninos de los FRCV.