Amanda de Moura Souza

Response rate in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents – ERICA

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the response rate and characteristics of people who either took part or not in from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) , according to information subsets. METHODS ERICA is a school-based, nation-wide investigation with a representative sample of 12 to 17-year-old adolescents attending public or private schools in municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil. Response rate of eligible subjects were calculated according to macro-regions, sex, age, and type of school (public or private). We also calculated the percentages of replacement schools in comparison with the ones originally selected as per the sample design, according to the types of schools in the macro-regions. The subjects and non-subjects were compared according to sex, age, and average body mass indices (kg/m2). RESULTS We had 102,327 eligible adolescents enrolled in the groups drawn. The highest percentage of complete information was obtained for the subset of the questionnaire (72.9%). Complete information regarding anthropometric measurements and the ones from the questionnaire were obtained for 72.0% of the adolescents, and the combination of these data with the 24-hour dietary recall were obtained for 70.3% of the adolescents. Complete information from the questionnaire plus biochemical blood evaluation data were obtained for 52.5% of the morning session adolescents (selected for blood tests). The response percentage in private schools was higher than the one in public schools for most of the combination of information. The ratio of older and male adolescents non-participants was higher than the ratio among participants. CONCLUSIONS The response rate for non-invasive procedures was high. The response rate for blood collection – an invasive procedure that requires a 12-hour fasting period and the informed consent form from legal guardians – was lower. The response rate observed in public schools was lower than in the private ones, and that may reflect lower school frequency of registered students.

The impact of the reduction of sodium content in processed foods in salt intake in Brazil

This study aimed at assessing the potential impact of the reduction of sodium content in processed foods in the average salt intake in the Brazilian population. A total of 32,900 participants of the first National Dietary Survey (NDS 2008-2009), age 10 years and older who provided information about food intake over two days were evaluated. The sodium reduction targets established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2010 and 2013 were used as the reference to determine the maximum content of sodium in 21 groups of processed food. The results show that sodium reduction targets in processed food have small impact in mean Brazilian population intake of salt. For 2017, the expected mean reduction is of 1.5%, the average sodium intake being still above the recommended 2,000mg/day maximum. Therefore, it will hardly be possible to reach the necessary reduction in salt intake in Brazil from volunteer agreements like the ones made so far.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el potencial impacto de la reduccion del contenido en sodio en alimentos procesados en el consumo medio de sodio de la poblacion brasilena. Un total de 32.900 participantes de la primera Encuesta Nacional de Alimentacion (2008-2009), con 10 anos y mas de edad, proporcionaron datos sobre dos dias de consumo, que fueron evaluados. Las metas de reduccion de sodio, indicadas por el Ministerio de Salud en 2010 y 2013, fueron utilizadas como referencia para determinar el contenido maximo de sodio en 21 grupos de alimentos procesados. Los resultados indican que las metas de reduccion de sodio en alimentos procesados tiene un pequeno impacto en el consumo medio de sodio en la poblacion brasilena. En 2017, la reduccion media esperada es de un 1,5%, quedando los valores de consumo medio de sodio todavia por encima del limite maximo recomendado de 2.000mg/dia. Por tanto, dificilmente sera posible alcanzar la reduccion necesaria en el consumo de sodio en Brasil, a partir de acuerdos voluntarios en los terminos de los que se han ido sucediendo hasta el momento.

ERICA: intake of macro and micronutrients of Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe food and macronutrient intake profile and estimate the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from 71,791 adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years were evaluated in the 2013-2014 Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Food intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR). A second 24-HDR was collected in a subsample of the adolescents to estimate within-person variability and calculate the usual individual intake. The prevalence of food/food group intake reported by the adolescents was also estimated. For sodium, the prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) method used as cutoff was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake. All the analyses were stratified according to sex, age group and Brazilian macro-regions. All statistical analyses accounted for the sample weight and the complex sampling design. RESULTS Rice, beans and other legume, juice and fruit drinks, breads and meat were the most consumed foods among the adolescents. The average energy intake ranged from 2,036 kcal (girls aged from 12 to 13 years) to 2,582 kcal (boy aged from14 to 17 years). Saturated fat and free sugar intake were above the maximum limit recommended (< 10.0%). Vitamins A and E, and calcium were the micronutrients with the highest prevalence of inadequate intake (> 50.0%). Sodium intake was above the UL for more than 80.0% of the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The diets of Brazilian adolescents were characterized by the intake of traditional Brazilian food, such as rice and beans, as well as by high intake of sugar through sweetened beverages and processed foods. This food pattern was associated with an excessive intake of sodium, saturated fatty acids and free sugar.

Breakfast eating among Brazilian adolescents: Analysis of the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

Objetivo: Caracterizar o desjejum dos adolescentes brasileiros. Metodos: O consumo alimentar foi estimado com base em um dia de registro alimentar de adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos de idade do primeiro Inquerito Nacional de Alimentacao (2008-2009). Considerou-se como desjejum a primeira ocasiao de consumo alimentar entre 4 e 11 horas da manha. Resultados: Noventa e tres porcento dos adolescentes realizaram desjejum. Essa refeicao contribuiu com 17,7% da ingestao diaria de energia. Os grupos de alimentos mais consumidos foram: cafe e cha, paes, manteiga/margarina, leite, bolos e biscoitos, salgadinhos e chips, preparacoes a base de milho, queijo, carnes processadas e suco da fruta. Na regiao Norte observou-se frequencia mais elevada de consumo de cafe e cha e de raizes e tuberculos e menor relato para leite do que nas demais regioes. Na regiao Nordeste, destaca-se o consumo de milho e de ovos e na regiao Sul, o de carnes processadas e frutas. Adolescentes de familias do primeiro quartil de renda relataram frequencia mais elevada de consumo de cafe e cha, salgadinhos e chips, milho e raizes e tuberculos e menor relato para o grupo do leite. Os adolescentes de familias do quartil mais elevado de renda referiram consumo mais expressivo de leite, suco de fruta, queijo e bebidas com adicao de acucar. Conclusao: No Brasil, o desjejum dos adolescentes tem baixa contribuicao para o consumo diario de energia. A qualidade nutricional do desjejum melhora com o incremento da renda. Os tres principais itens consumidos foram cafe/cha, paes e manteiga/margarina.

ERICA: ingestão de macro e micronutrientes em adolescentes brasileiros

I Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil II Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil III Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Instituto de Medicina Social. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil IV Divisão de Nutrição. Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil V Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil VI Departamento de Nutrição. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, Brasil VII Núcleo de Nutrição. Centro Acadêmico de Vitória. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil VIII Departamento de Nutrição. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil

Consumo de alimentos fora do lar no Brasil segundo locais de aquisição

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the places of purchase of food consumed outside the home, characterize consumers according to the places of consumption, and identify the food purchased by place of consumption in Brazil. METHODS We have used data from the Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (Household Budget Survey) of 2008-2009 with a sample of 152,895 subjects over 10 years of age. The purchase of food outside the home was collected from the records of all expenditures made in seven days. The places of purchase were grouped according to their characteristics: supermarket, bakery, street food, restaurant, snack bar, fruit shop, and other places. The types of food were grouped into nine categories, considering the nutritional aspects and the marketing characteristics of the item. We have estimated the frequency of purchase in the seven groups of places in Brazil and according to gender and type of food purchased per place. We have calculated the average age, income and years of education, as well as the per capita expenditure according to places of purchase of food consumed outside the home. RESULTS The purchase of food outside the home was reported by 41.2% of the subjects, being it greater among men than women (44% versus 38.5%). Adults had a higher frequency (46%) than teenagers (37.7%) and older adults (24.2%). The highest frequency of places of purchase were snack bar (16.9%) and restaurant (16.4%), while the fruit shop (1.2%) presented the lowest frequency. Sweets, snack chips and soft drinks were the most purchased items in most places. Average expenditure was higher for restaurant (R

Consumo alimentar segundo os dias da semana – Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação, 2008-2009

33.20) and lower for fruit shop (R

Impacto da redução do teor de sódio em alimentos processados no consumo de sódio no Brasil

4.10) and street food (R

Food consumed outside the home in Brazil according to places of purchase

5.00). CONCLUSIONS The highest percentage of food consumed outside the home comes from snack bars and restaurants, pointing to important places for the development of public policies focused on promoting healthy eating.OBJETIVO Descrever os locais de aquisicao dos alimentos consumidos fora do lar, caracterizar os consumidores de acordo com os locais de consumo e identificar os alimentos adquiridos por local de consumo no Brasil. METODOS Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa de Orcamento Familiar 2008-2009 em uma amostra de 152.895 individuos acima de 10 anos. A aquisicao de […]

Food Consumption According to the Days of the Week – National Food Survey, 2008-2009

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the variations in energy, nutrients, and food groups intake between days of the week and weekend days in the Brazilian population. METHODS We used data from the first National Food Survey (2008-2009) of a one-day food log of a representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or older (n = 34,003). For the analyses, we considered the sample weights and the effect of the study design. The mean (and standard deviations) and frequencies (%) of energy, nutrients, and food groups consumption were estimated for weekdays (Monday to Friday) and weekend (Saturday and Sunday), we then estimated the differences according to the days of the week for the population strata analyzed. RESULTS The average daily energy intake for the weekend was 8% higher than the one observed for weekdays. The average percentage contribution of carbohydrate to the daily energy intake was higher during the week compared to Saturday and Sunday (56.3% versus 54.1%, p < 0.01). The inverse was observed for averages of the contribution to the daily intake of energy from total fat (26.8% versus 28.4%), saturated fat (9.1% versus 9.9%) and trans fat (1.4% versus 1.6%). The most significant changes between weekdays and weekend days were observed for eggs, sugar-added beverages, puff snacks and chips, beans, and pasta. During weekends, the frequency of beverage with added sugar consumption increased by 34%, the amount consumed increased by 42%, and the contribution to energy intake increased by 62% when compared to weekdays. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian population increases energy intake and unhealthy food markers on weekends compared to weekdays.OBJETIVO Avaliar as variacoes na ingestao de energia, nutrientes e grupos de alimentos entre dias da semana e dias de fim de semana na populacao brasileira. METODOS Foram utilizados dados obtidos no primeiro Inquerito Nacional de Alimentacao (2008-2009) de um dia de registro alimentar de amostra representativa da populacao brasileira com 10 ou mais anos […]