Amelia Porres

Levels of lipoprotein(a) and plasma lipids in Spanish children aged from 4 to 18 years.

Increased plasma lipoprotein(a)‐Lp(a)‐levels are linked to a high risk of cardiovascular disease unrelated to other lipoproteins. It seems that Lp(a) values in childhood remain unaltered up to adulthood. In a randomly chosen population of 1970 children, aged from 4 to 18 years and living in a Spanish community, the following serum parameters were studied: total cholesterol, total triglycerides, Lp(a), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Mean Lp(a) serum values were 15.0 ± 14.7mg dl‐1. No differences were seen between either sex in the first years of childhood. Of the studied children, 15.1% presented Lp(a) concentrations above 30 mg dl‐1. A correlation between Lp(a) and total cholesterol concentrations, which disappeared when low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were corrected according to cholesterol present in Lp(a), was observed.

Epidemiología del perfil lipídico de la población anciana española: el estudio EPICARDIAN

Fundamento y objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de dislipemia en sujetos mayores de 65 anos no institucionalizados de medios urbano y rural espanoles y describir el perfil lipidico: concentraciones de colesterol total (CT), colesterol ligado a lipoproteinas de baja densidad (cLDL), colesterol ligado a lipoproteinas de alta densidad (cHDL) y trigliceridos, por edad, sexo y zonas geograficas Pacientes y metodo Estudio epidemiologico, transversal y multicentrico de la poblacion anciana (edad mayor o igual a 65 anos) no institucionalizada en 3 areas geograficas: Arevalo (Avila), Begonte (Lugo) y area urbana de Lista (Madrid). Se obtuvo una muestra aleatoria estratificada por edad y sexo a partir de los padrones de cada zona. La tasa de participacion fue del 84,6%. En la fase I se realizo una entrevista domiciliaria (n = 4.522) con examen fisico y determinacion de CT en sangre capilar (Reflotron®). En la fase 2, a un tercio de la muestra elegido al azar (n = 1.907), se le realizo una determinacion centralizada de CT, cHDL, cLDL y trigliceridos Resultados La media (DE) de CT en el total de la poblacion fue 230,3 (46,8) mg/dl. Las cifras de CT descendieron significativamente con la edad (p Conclusiones La prevalencia de dislipemia es superior a las estimaciones realizadas por la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis para la poblacion anciana europea (50%), mayor en mujeres y en grupos de menor edad (65–69 anos). El grado de conocimiento, tratamiento y control de la hipercolesterolemia es muy escaso entre la poblacion anciana espanola

Influence of apolipoprotein-E phenotypes on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism after three different fat loads.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postprandial response to three fat-loading tests in healthy subjects with different apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotypes. Thirty-four subjects were studied: 15 with apoE3/3 (7 men and 8 women), 12 with apoE4/3 (5 men and 7 women), and 7 with apoE2/3 (4 men and 3 women). All received three oral fat loads at 1-wk intervals in meals rich in monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and saturated fatty acid, with retinyl palmitate (60000 IU/m(2) of aqueous vitamin A) to quantify lipoproteins secreted by the intestine. No significant differences in postprandial lipoproteins were found between the three different fat loads. Peaks and incremental areas under the curve of retinyl palmitate in non-chylomicron fractions were higher in the apoE2/3- than in the apoE3/3- and apoE4/3-phenotype groups in meals rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). When the three fat loads were analyzed together, the incremental area under the curve of retinyl palmitate was much higher in the apoE2/3- than in the other apoE-phenotype groups (P = 0.0004). In conclusion, the magnitude of intestinal lipoproteins after fat load, especially with monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, is higher in subjects with apoE2/3 than in those with apoE3/3 and apoE4/3 phenotypes.

Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with asymptomatic acute porphyria

There have been discrepancies in reports of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels in patients with acute porphyria. Some studies have found that acute porphyria patients have increased levels while others do not. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the lipid profile in a series of patients with acute porphyria, in order to help clarify these differences. Serum lipoprotein levels were studied in 30 patients (25 women and five men; age:38+/-10 years) with asymptomatic acute porphyria. Controls were 30 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. For 13 patients and 15 controls, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were determined. Patients exhibited increased levels of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo)-A1 compared with controls (P4 mmol/l in 15 patients (50%). Levels of total triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, apo-B and lipoprotein(a) were similar in patients and controls. The hepatic lipase activity tended to be lower in patients than controls (33.8+/-17.7 vs. 50.4+/-23.0 pkat/ml; P=0.05). In conclusion, in patients with asymptomatic acute porphyria an increase of total and LDL-cholesterol was found. The cardiovascular risk conferred by this factor may be attenuated by increased HDL-cholesterol and apo-A1.

Expresión fenotípica de la Lp(a) en niños y adolescentes españoles

Fundamento Conocer la distribucion de los fenotipos de Lp(a) en una poblacion infantojuvenil. Metodos Se determino el perfil lipoproteico, lipoproteina(a), apolipoproteinas y fenotipos de Lp(a) en 105 ninos, seleccionados segun sus concentraciones de colesterol. Resultados Las concentraciones medias de Lp(a) eran significativamente mayores en el grupo con isoformas de bajo peso molecular respecto a los de alto peso molecular. La isoforma mas frecuente fue S3. Conclusiones Las concentraciones de Lp(a) se correlaccionaron inversamente con el peso molecular de las isoformas de Apo(a).